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Background: There is an increased incidence of hospital acquired infection, especially in ICU setting, the most common being ICU acquired pneumonia which increases the morbidity, mortality, prolongs hospital stay and consuming more resources. Microbial etiology of intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia (ICUAP) determines antibiotic treatment and outcomes which vary from centre to centre. Hence, a study of risk factors, clinical profile of patient, microorganisms and their resistance patterns to antibiotics are important for the diagnosis, prognosis of patient with ICU acquired pneumonia and also in the prevention of the same.Methods: Patients with ICUAP confirmed microbiologically were prospectively compared according to identification of 1 (monomicrobial) or more (polymicrobial) potentially pathogenic microorganism. Patients without microbiological confirmation were excluded from the study. We assessed clinical characteristics, microbiology and outcome variables.Results: In the present study 60 patients with ICU Pneumonia were included out of which 50 (83%) had mono-microbial infection. Most common organism isolated in mono microbial infection was Klebsiella species (26%), followed by Acinetobacter species (25%), out of which 20 percent was multidrug resistant. Multi-drug resistance was similarly frequent in both groups. Outcome variables like initial response to the empiric treatment, length of stay and mortality were similar in both monomicrobial and polymicrobial pneumonia. Mortality rates were higher with higher pneumonia scores (p value <0.002) and with multi organ dysfunction (p <0.008) irrespective of mono microbial or poly microbial infection.Conclusions: In this study mono microbial infection was more than polymicrobial, the most common organism being Kliebsiella species followed by Acinetobacter species. When empiric treatment is frequently appropriate, mortality rates were higher with higher pneumonia scores and MODS. In our study polymicrobial aetiology did not influence the outcome of ICUAP.
RESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the risk factors related to ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. From January 2011 to December 2015, a single-center retrospective study including 200 SAH patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) ≥48 h was performed. The clinical data of these patients were collected and analyzed. The age range of the patients were 41-63 and 72 (36%) were male. The Glasgow coma scale score range was 5-15 and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II range was 31-52. One hundred and forty-eight (74%) patients had a World Federation of Neurosurgeons (WNFS) score ≥III. Aneurysm was secured with an endovascular coiling procedure in 168 (84%) patients and 94 (47%) patients presented VAP. Male gender (OR=2.25, 95%CI=1.15-4.45), use of mannitol (OR=3.02, 95%CI=1.53-5.94) and enteral feeding above 20 kcal·kg−1·day−1 (OR=2.90, 95%CI=1.26-6.67) after day 7 were independent factors for VAP. Patients with early-onset VAP had a longer duration of sedation (P=0.03), MV (P=0.001) and ICU length of stay (P=0.003) and a worse Glasgow Outcome Scale score (P<0.001), but did not have a higher death rate.