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Abstract This study assessed 3 endodontic motors, X-Smart Plus (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), VDW.Silver Reciproc (VDW GmbH, München, Germany) and, iRoot (Bassi Endodontics, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) in 2 different reciprocating settings. The movements evaluated were 170° in counter-clockwise (CCW) and 50° in clockwise (CW) at 350 RPM, and 150° CCW and 30° CW at 300 RPM. For the X-Smart Plus and VDW Silver the settings used were the ones in the motor library. For the iRoot, the motor was adjusted to the angles of the study. A customized optic target was attached to the contra-angle of the motor and the movements were recorded with a high-resolution camera (K2 DistaMaxTM Long-Distance Microscope System, Infinity Photo-Optical Company, Colorado, EUA) at 2,400 frames per second (FPS). The images were analyzed with the Vision Research software (Inc. Headquarters, Wayne, New Jersey, EUA). The following kinematic parameters were assessed: CCW angle, CW angle, speed (RPM) at both directions, and, standstill time at each change of directions. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Kruskal-Wallis (method of Dunn) were used at a significant level of 5%. There was no statistically significant difference among the motors at the 150°/30° setting (P > .05); the iRoot was the least reliable at the 170°/50° setting for CCW angle, speed, and net angle parameters (P < 0.05). The standstill time of all motors in both directions was identical. None of the motors were able to reproduce faithfully the set movements. The iRoot motor presented a higher discrepancy when compared to X-Smart and VDW Silver.
Resumo Este estudo avaliou 3 motores endodônticos, X-Smart Plus (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Suíça), VDW.Silver Reciproc (VDW GmbH, Munique, Alemanha) e iRoot (Bassi Endodontics, Belo Horizonte, Brasil) em 2 diferentes ajustes de movimento reciprocante. Os movimentos analisados foram: 170° em sentido anti-horário (CCW) e 50° em sentido horário (CW) a 350 RPM, e 150° CCW e 30° CW a 300 RPM. Para os motores X-Smart Plus e VDW Silver os ajustes usados foram os que se apresentam nos ajustes pré-definidos dos motores. Para o iRoot o motor foi ajustado para os ângulos do estudo. Um alvo ótico customizado foi preso ao contra ângulo do motor e os movimentos foram gravados com uma câmara de alto resolução (K2 DistaMaxTM Long-Distance Microscope System, Infinity Photo-Optical Company, Colorado, EUA) a 2.400 quadros por segundo (FPS). As imagens foram analisadas com o sotware Vision Research (Inc. Headquarters, Wayne, Nova Jersey, USA). Os seguintes parâmetros de cinemática foram avaliados: ângulo anti-horário, ângulo horário, ângulo líquido, velocidade (RPM) em ambas direções e tempo de parada a cada mudança de direção. O Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC) e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis (método de Dunn) foram usados com nível de significâncias de 5%. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os motores no ajuste de 150°/30° (P > .05); o motor iRoot foi o menos confiável no ajuste de 170°/50° para o ângulo anti-horário, velocidade e ângulo líquido (P < 0.05). O tempo de parada em todos os motores foi idêntico em ambas as direções. Nenhum dos motores foi capaz de reproduzir fielmente os movimentos. O motor iRoot apresentou maior discrepância quando comparado com o X-Smart Plus e VDW Silver.
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O artigo aborda aspectos metodológicos da análise de material audiovisual em pesquisa qualitativa e oferece um modelo simplificado para ajudar o pesquisador a fazer uso combinado de análise verbal e dados visuais em entrevistas gravadas em vídeo, com o suporte do ATLAS.ti.Como exemplo foram usadas as filmagens de relatos de imigrantes de sua experiência no Brasil, em que procurou-se identificar relações entre expressões faciais emocionais negativas e positivas dos imigrantes e o teor de seus depoimentos. Os resultados indicam que as expressões emocionais cumprem funções de acentuar, contradizer e substituir os relatos verbais dos imigrantes. Em alguns casos identificou-se supressão de manifestações emocionais, mesmo em depoimentos mais negativos. Os passos para a análise no ATLAS.ti são apresentados com ilustrações.
The article discusses methodological aspects to guide the audiovisual analysis in qualitative research offering a simplified model to help the researcher to make a combined use of verbal and visual analysis of videotaped interviews with ATLAS.ti support. As an example it was taken the immigrants reports about their experiences in Brazil trying to identify relationships between positive and negative emotional facial expressions of immigrants and the content of their testimony. The results indicate that emotional expressions fulfill different functions such as emphasizing, contradicting and replacing the verbal reports of immigrants. In some cases we identify the suppression of immigrant emotional manifestations, even in the most negative statements. The steps for analysis in ATLAS.ti are presented with illustrations.
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Objective To explore the behavioral characteristics of response to name in 16-30 months old infants with autism spectrum disorders (ASD),in order to provide a theoretical basis for the early identification and early diagnosis.Methods Two professionals,according to the scoring criteria and using video analysis methods,evaluated the response score (RS),reaction time (RT),duration time (DT) and the rate (RR) of response to their names among ASD infants (ASD group,61 cases),who were diagnosed at Child Developmental and Behavioral Center,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from April to December 2017.Then they were compared with infants with developmental delays (DD group,32 cases) and neuro-typical (NT group,33 cases) infants.Finally,researchers predicted the diagnosis for ASD infants according to the behavioral indicators,which had significant differences compared with other groups.Results Compared with DD group [RS 2 (1) score,RT 1.32 (4.65) s,DT 2.69(1.84) s] and NT group [RS 2 (1) score,RT 1.37 (4.37) s,DT 2.90 (2.23) s],RS was significantly lower [1 (1)score],RT was significantly longer [5.87 (4.64) s],and DT was significantly shorter [0.77 (1.88) s] in ASD group,and the differences were statistically significant (H =-4.91,-5.94;5.36,5.41;-4.47,-5.78;all P ＜0.05);while the differences between DD group and NT group were not significant(all P ＞0.05).The RR was significantly lower in ASD group [0.25 (0.50)] and DD group [0.50 (0.25)],compared with NT group [0.75 (0.50)],and the differences were statistically significant (H =-6.39,-4.45,all P ＜ 0.01);while the differences between DDgroup and ASD group were not significant(P ＞0.05).When detecting ASD from ASD and NT infants,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.889 (P ＜0.01);when detecting ASD from ASD and DD infants,AUC was 0.924 (P ＜ 0.01);when detecting ASD from all infants,AUC was 0.868 (P ＜ 0.01),according to all indicators of response to name.Conclusions There are significant differences between ASD infants and DD and NT infants in response to name domain.Behavioral characteristics in the procedure of response to name can predict ASDwell.Response to name as an early social behavioral indicator,being tested at 2 years old,is still of importance for the early identification and early diagnosis of ASD.
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Objective To explore the difference in early symptoms between 2-3 years old autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children and healthy children through video analysis,in order to provide evidence for the identification and screening of ASD children.Methods The study involved 25 cases of ASD children who were admitted to Children Development and Behavior Center,the Third Affiliated Hospital,Sun Y at-Sen University,and confirmed with diagnosis standards of Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Medical Disorder 5th edition (DSM-5) and 21 healthy children recruited in community.Three-minute videos of children in standard procedure were collected.Mter that,all the videos were scored on 5 items by 2 professional evaluators,unaware of diagnostic status.Comparison analysis of video scores between ASD and the healthy controls was made,and the sensitivity and specificity of video analysis were evaluated.Results Response to roll-call score was higher in ASD children [2 (2) scores] than that of the healthy children [0 (0) scores],response to audible object score was higher in ASD children [0(1) scores] than that of the healthy children [0(0) scores],social smiling score was higher in ASD children [1 (1) scores] than that of the healthy children [0 (1) scores],and total score was higher in ASD children [4 (2) scores] than that of the healthy children [2 (0) scores],and the differences were statistically significant (Z =2.272,P =0.000;Z =0.976,P =0.010;Z =1.763,P =0.001;Z =2.355,P =0.000).But,no difference was found in speech and finger pointing (all P ＞ 0.05).The consistency between three-minute video analysis and standard diagnosis was 0.652 (P =0.000),with 80.0％ of sensitivity and 85.7％ of specificity.Conclusions The ASD children perform worse than the healthy children in response to roll-call,response to audible object and social smiling.Three-minute standard video analysis can help to detect the early symptoms of ASD children.This result also demonstrates the potential of video-based analysis used as a ASD screening instrument in 2-3 years old children.
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Objective To study the factors affecting preverbal communication skill in prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants.Methods A total of 31 prelingually deaf children with cochlear implantation participated in the study.They received cochlear implantation the age of 12 months with a mean of 46.71 months.The video analysis were applied to assess the preverbal communication skill including rurn-taking,autonomy,eye contact and auditory awareness.According to the implant age,preoperative use of hearing aids,preoperative speech rehabilitation training,preoperative surgerg ear averrage residual hearing.Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate the differences among the groups.The implant age distribution:16 cases in ≤36 months group;15 cases in >36 months group.Preoperative speech rehabilitation training (recovery time more than 3 months) : 14 cases in rehabilitation group, 17 case in no rehabilitation group.Preoperative surgerg ear averrage residual hearing:6 cases in ≤80 dB HL group;25 cases in >80 dB HL group.Preoperative use of hearing aids (use time more than 3 months) distribution: 21 cases in use group, 10 cases in no use group.Results There was statistical signifficance in preoperative use of hearing aids,preoperative speech rehabilitation training,preoperative surgerg ear averrage residual hearing(P0.05).Conclusion Preoperative use of hearing aids,preoperative speech rehabilitation training,preoperative surgerg ear averrage residual hearing in prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants relate with better preverbal communication still.
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Background: The surgical and procedural specialties are continually evolving their methods to include more complex and technically difficult cases. These cases can be longer and incorporate multiple teams in a different model of operating room synergy. Patients are frequently older, with comorbidities adding to the complexity of these cases. Recording of this environment has become more feasible recently with advancement in video and audio capture systems often used in the simulation realm. Aims: We began using live capture to record a new procedure shortly after starting these cases in our institution. This has provided continued assessment and evaluation of live procedures. The goal of this was to improve human factors and situational challenges by review and debriefing. Setting and Design: B‑Line Medical’s LiveCapture video system was used to record successive transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures in our cardiac catheterization/laboratory. An illustrative case is used to discuss analysis and debriefing of the case using this system. Results and Conclusions: An illustrative case is presented that resulted in long‑term changes to our approach of these cases. The video capture documented rare events during one of our TAVR procedures. Analysis and debriefing led to definitive changes in our practice. While there are hurdles to the use of this technology in every institution, the role for the ongoing use of video capture, analysis, and debriefing may play an important role in the future of patient safety and human factors analysis in the operating environment.
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Abstract Objectives: To describe fidgety movements (FMs), i.e., the spontaneous movement pattern that typically occurs at 3–5 months after term age, and discuss its clinical relevance. Sources: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, Science Direct, PsycINFO, and EMBASE. The search strategy included the MeSH terms and search strings (‘fidgety movement*’) OR [(‘general movement*’) AND (‘three month*’) OR (‘3 month*’)], as well as studies published on the General Movements Trust website (www.general-movements-trust.info). Summary of the data: Virtually all infants develop normally if FMs are present and normal, even if their brain ultrasound findings and/or clinical histories indicate a disposition to later neurological deficits. Conversely, almost all infants who never develop FMs have a high risk for neurological deficits such as cerebral palsy, and for genetic disorders with a late onset. If FMs are normal but concurrent postural patterns are not age-adequate or the overall movement character is monotonous, cognitive and/or language skills at school age will be suboptimal. Abnormal FMs are unspecific and have a low predictive power, but occur exceedingly in infants later diagnosed with autism. Conclusions: Abnormal, absent, or sporadic FMs indicate an increased risk for later neurological dysfunction, whereas normal FMs are highly predictive of normal development, especially if they co-occur with other smooth and fluent movements. Early recognition of neurological signs facilitates early intervention. It is important to re-assure parents of infants with clinical risk factors that the neurological outcome will be adequate if FMs develop normally.
Resumo Objetivos: Descrever os movimentos irregulares (FMs), ou seja, o padrão de movimentos espontâneos que normalmente ocorrem entre três e cinco meses após o nascimento e discutir sua relevância clínica. Fontes: Uma pesquisa abrangente na literatura foi feita nas seguintes bases de dados: Medline/PubMed, Cinahl, The Cochrane Library, Science Direct, PsycINFO e Embase. A estratégia de busca incluiu os termos e cadeias de pesquisa do MeSH [(“fidgety movement*”) OU [(“general movement*”) E (“three month*”) OU (“3 month*”)], bem como estudos publicados no website da General Movements Trust (www.general-movements-trust.info). Resumo dos dados: Praticamente todos os neonatos se desenvolveram normalmente se os FMs estiveram presentes e foram normais, mesmo se seus resultados do ultrassom do cérebro e/ou históricos clínicos indicassem tendência a déficits neurológicos posteriores. Por outro lado, quase todos os neonatos que nunca desenvolveram FMs apresentaram maior risco de déficits neurológicos, como paralisia cerebral, e doenças genéticas de início tardio. Caso os FMs fossem normais, porém simultâneos a padrões posturais não adequados para a idade, ou o caráter geral dos movimentos fosse monótono, as capacidades cognitivas e/ou de linguagem na idade escolar seriam abaixo do ideal. Os FMs anormais não são específicos e têm baixo poder preditivo, porém ocorrem em grande parte em neonatos posteriormente diagnosticados com autismo. Conclusões: FMs anormais, ausentes ou esporádicos indicam um risco maior de disfunções neurológicas posteriores, ao passo que FMs normais são altamente preditivos de desenvolvimento normal, principalmente se forem simultâneos a outros movimentos suaves e fluentes. O reconhecimento precoce de sinais neurológicos facilita a intervenção antecipada. É importante garantir aos pais de neonatos com fatores de risco clínicos que o resultado neurológico será adequado se os FMs se desenvolverem normalmente.
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Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Comportamento do Lactente/fisiologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Transtornos dos Movimentos/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Paralisia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Paralisia Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Transtornos dos Movimentos/diagnóstico , Transtornos dos Movimentos/etiologia , Exame NeurológicoRESUMO
Objective The aim of this study is to summarize preverbal communication skills in children with cochlear implants,and to provide a clinical baseline of assessment in early stage after cochlear implantation.Methods 23 prelingually deaf children with homebred cochlear implants participated in this study.The age at cochlear im-plantation ranged from 12 to 66 months with a mean of 35 months.The evaluation was performed at switch-on ses-sion and 1,3,6,9 and 12 months after the first programming session.Tait video analysis was used to assess the preverbal communication skills including turn-taking,autonomy,eye contact and auditory awareness.CAP and SIR were used to evaluate the auditory and speech abilities.ResuIts The skills of turn-taking and auditory aware-ness increased significantly,especially in the first six months after switch-on session (P0. 05).There was a correlation between the score of CAP/SIR and turn-taking or auditory awareness.ConcIusion Children with cochlear implants established vocal-auditory mode of early communicative behavior over time.Pre-verbal communication skills CAP and SIR have relativity and can comprehensively evaluate the auditory,speech and communication skills of children with cochlear implants.
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A proposta deste estudo piloto foi verificar os efeitos da velocidade de nado e dos ciclos inspiratórios sobre os parâmetros coordenativos do nado borboleta. Participaram quatro nadadores de nível regional, com desempenho médio de 69 ± 3,6% do recorde mundial na prova de 100 m borboleta em piscina de 25 m. Em resposta ao incremento da velocidade de nado, entre os principais resultados, destaca-se: redução da duração absoluta dos ciclos (de 2,01 ± 0,43 s para 1,07 ± 0,09 s, entre velocidade relativa aos 200 m e velocidade máxima em 25 m, com inspiração frontal e similar comportamento para ciclos não inspiratórios); marcado aumento na duração das fases propulsivas da braçada, expressas em % da duração média de quatro ciclos de braçada (fase B de 14,6 ± 3,2% para 22,8 ± 4,7% e fase C de 12,9 ± 1,0 para 19,1 ± 0,9% com inspiração frontal e similar comportamento para ciclos não inspiratórios), bem como maior sincronismo entre as ações da braçada e da pernada.
The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the effects of pace and breathing actions on the coordinative parameters of the butterfly stroke. Four regional level swimmers participated of this study (mean performance level: 69 ± 3.6 % of the world record in the 100-m butterfly). Increasing speed, similar results were observed for both frontal breathing and non-breathing conditions. From the 200m pace to the maximal speed trial, there is a decrease in the absolute duration of arm stroke (from 2.01 ± 0.43s to 1.07 ± 0,09s), increasing the relative duration of propulsive phases (pull phase: from 14.6 ± 3.2% to 22.8 ± 4.7%; push phase: from 12.9 ± 1.0 to 19.1 ± 0.9%). Regarding to the inter-limb coordination, there is a higher continuity between the arm and leg stroke key points.
La propuesta de este estudio piloto fue verificar los efectos de la velocidad de nado y de los ciclos inspiratorios sobre los parámetros coordinativos del nado mariposa. Participaron cuatro nadadores de nivel regional, con desempeño medio de 69 ± 3,6 % del record mundial en la prueba de 100 m mariposa. En respuesta al aumento de la velocidad de nado, entre los principales resultados, hubo: reducción en la duración absoluta de los ciclos (de 2,01 ± 0,43 s para 1,07 ± 0,09 s, entre la velocidad relativa a los 200 m e velocidad máxima en 25 m, con inspiración frontal y similar comportamiento para la condición sin respirar); un marcado aumento en la duración de las fases propulsivas de la brazada (fase B de 14,6 ± 3,2% para 22,8 ± 4,7% y fase C de 12,9 ± 1,0 para 19,1 ± 0,9% con inspiración frontal y similar comportamiento para la condición sin respirar).
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0.05) before and after the contrast.However,for the renal parenchyma,it increased significantly after the contrast(P