The Response of Local White Guinea Yam Cultivars to the Vine Cutting Propagation Technique Using Locally Available Rooting Substrates

Good quality planting materials for yam cultivation is a major challenge and adapting the most preferred local varieties to high ratio propagation methods such as the vine cutting could help ameliorate this constraint. An experiment was conducted in the screen house at CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute to assess the response of ‘Labako’, ‘Nyamenti’ and ‘Kpamyo’ (check) to vine cutting under different substrates. The experiment was 3 x 6 factorial arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Single node cuttings were obtained from 3 months old plants and established in the various rooting substrates (carbonized rice husk; fermented rice bran; aged rice husk; top-soil ,cocopeat and carbonized rice husk + top-soil; 2:1).Highly significant differences (P<0.001) existed in main effects and interaction of the factors. All cultivars attained 100% survival in CRH (carbonized rice husk) and cocopeat. Kpamyo and Nyamenti had 89.6% regeneration in cocopeat, FRB (fermented rice bran) and CRH. Labako exhibited the maximum shoot growth (31 cm) in CRH whiles the minimum (10 cm) was observed in ARH (aged rice husk) for Kpamyo. Six nodes were produced by Nyamenti in CRH, whiles Kpamyo produced 3 nodes in the same substrate. Labako initiated 88% tuberization, higher than Kpamyo with 75%. Generally, the cultivars were successfully adapted to the vine cutting technique in CRH, FRB as well as cocopeat. CRH and FRB are locally available, hence less expensive to acquire and therefore recommended for cost-effective single node propagation of the popular local yam cultivars.

Recent advances in research on vine tea,a potential and functional herbal tea with dihydromyricetin and myricetin as major bioactive compounds / 药物分析学报

Vine tea has been used as an herbal tea by several ethnic minorities for hundreds of years in China.Flavonoids,a kind of indispensable component in a variety of nutraceutical,pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications,are identified to be the major metabolites and bioactive ingredients in vine tea.Interest-ingly,vine tea exhibits a wide range of significant bioactivities including anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-tumor,antidiabetic,neuroprotective and other activities,but no toxicity.These bioactivities,to some extent,enrich the understanding about the role of vine tea in disease prevention and therapy.The health benefits of vine tea,particularly dihydromyricetin and myricetin,are widely investigated.However,there is currently no comprehensive review available on vine tea.Therefore,this report summarizes the most recent studies investigating bioactive constituents,pharmacological effects and possible mechanisms of vine tea,which will provide a better understanding about the health benefits and preclinical assessment of novel application of vine tea.

Evaluation Of Anticonvulsant Activity Of Cow Urine Betel Vine Extract In Mice

The present study was designed to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of Cowurine betel vine extract in rats. Anticonvulsant activity was performed by using the two modelsMaximal Electric Shock (MES) induced convulsions and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) inducedconvulsions. The animals were fed with Cow urine betel vine extract at the dose of 250 and500mg/kg b.w orally for a period of 14 days. The pretreated extract reduced the convulsions ina dose dependent manner which was determined by taking the duration of flexion, extensor,clonus and stupor phase and Percentage of inhibition of seizures relative to controls wascalculated.

Anti-Inflammatory Action and Mechanism on the Adjuvant Arthritis Mouse Model of Petroleum Ether Extract from Citrullus lanatus Vine / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacological function of the petroleum ether extract from Citrullus lanatus vine (PEECLV) in treating adjuvant arthritis(AA) and explore the mechanism. METHODS: AA in mice was made to observe the anti-inflammatory effect of PEECLV. Arthritis index was calculated by 5 grades evaluation. Thymus and spleen index were measured. The content of RF, PGE2, COX-1, COX-2 in serum were measured. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β in serum were measured. RESULTS: PEECLV can suppress the foot swelling degree in model mice. It can increase thymus index, reduce spleen index and AI of AA in mice. High-dose group can significantly reduce serum PGE2, IL-1β, COX-2 and COX-1 levels in AA in mice. All groups can reduce TNF-α and RF levels. CONCLUSION: PEECLV has a certain degree therapeutic effect on AA, and the possible mechanism is to affect the production of inflammatory mediators and antioxidant.

Scientific research on herbal resource of vine tea / 中草药

As an application of the historic edible plants, the development prospect of vine tea is wide, but now it is only contained by local Chinese Materia Medica Standards. We use the thinking method of herbal textual research for analysis on vine tea recorded in different Herbal Works and modern literatures and a comparative study on botany in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the name, the origin, and the traditional efficacy of it and to provide the documentation basis on its clinical use and reasonable development of plant resources.

First Report of Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae on Chinese Matrimony Vine in Korea

A fungus, Colletotrichum fioriniae, was isolated for the first time from fruits of Chinese matrimony vine (Lycium chinense Mill.) in Korea. It was classified as C. fioriniae based on the morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase and β-tubulin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fioriniae causing anthracnose of Chinese matrimony vine in Korea.

Esterase isozymes patterns of grape vine (Vitis vinifera L) are altered in response to fungicide exposure / Padrões de isozimas Esterases de videira (Vitis vinifera L) alterados em resposta à exposição a fungicidas

Current analysis characterizes the effect of different fungicides often applied for pest control on α−and ß-esterase patterns of four economically important table-wine grape cultivars (Italia, Rubi, Benitaka and Brasil) of Vitis vinifera. The α- and ß-esterase patterns in bud leaves of the cultivars were assessed by native PAGE analysis. Cabrio Top® compound inhibited EST-2, EST-5, EST-6, EST-7, EST-8, EST-9 and EST-10 carboxylesterases, whereas EST-4, EST-11, EST-12, EST-13, EST-14 acetylesterases and EST-16 carboxylesterase were detected as weakly stained bands. Carboxylesterases and acetylesterases were also detected as weakly stained bands when exposed to fungicides Orthocide 500®, Positron Duo® and Folicur PM®. No changes in α- and ß-esterase patterns were reported when the vines were exposed to the fungicides Rovral SC®, Kumulus DF®, Curzate M®, Score® or Cuprogarb 500®. The evidence of functional changes in carboxylesterase and acetylesterase levels in current study is a warning to grape producers on the dangers inherent in the indiscriminate use of potent and modern fungicides extensively used in agriculture. The inhibition effect of fungicides on esterase isozyme molecules seems to be independent of the fungicide chemical.

O presente estudo caracterizou o efeito de diferentes fungicidas comumente aplicados como medidas de controle de pragas sobre padrões de α- e ß-esterases de quatro importantes cultivares de uva de mesa (Itália, Rubi, Benitaka e Brasil) de Vitis vinifera. Os padrões de α- e ß-esterases de brotos foliares das cultivares foram avaliados por PAGE. O composto Cabrio Top® inibiu as carboxilesterases EST-2, EST-5, EST-6, EST-7, EST-8, EST-9 e EST-10, enquanto as acetilesterases EST-4, EST-11, EST-12, EST-13, EST-14 e a carboxilesterase EST-16 foram detectadas como bandas fracamente coradas. As carboxilesterases e acetilesterases também foram detectadas como bandas fracamente coradas quando expostas aos fungicidas Orthocide 500®, Positron Duo® e Folicur PM®. Não foram observadas alterações nos padrões de α- e ß-esterases quando as videiras foram expostas aos fungicidas Rovral SC®, Kumulus DF®, Curzate M®, Score® ou Cuprogarb 500®. A evidência de alterações em nível funcional em carboxilesterases e acetilesterases, apresentada neste estudo, pode servir como um alerta aos produtores de uva dos perigos inerentes ao uso indiscriminado de fungicidas potentes e modernos amplamente utilizados hoje na agricultura. O efeito dos fungicidas sobre as enzimas esterases parece ser independente do grupo químico ao qual pertence o fungicida.

Avaliação biométrica de caracteres do melão de São Caetano (Momordica charantia L) / Biometric evaluation of the characters of the melon from Sao Caetano (Momordica charantia L)

RESUMOO melão de São Caetano, planta trepadeira originaria do leste indiano e sul da Índia, é encontrada no bioma caatinga. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a biometria dos frutos e o número de sementes por fruto do melão de São Caetano. Os frutos foram coletados em área de vegetação nativa do campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), situada no município de Mossoró, RN, seguindo para o laboratório de fitotecnia para a determinação das seguintes características: comprimento, diâmetro e peso dos frutos, bem como o número de sementes por fruto. As análises descritivas e gráficas foram realizadas utilizando o pacote estatístico software R-project. As variáveis, comprimento e diâmetro apresentaram baixa amplitude de variação e bons valores de coeficiente de variação. Já o peso do fruto e o número de sementes por fruto mostraram alta amplitude de variação. Verificou-se alto grau de simetria e distribuição mesocúrtica para todas as características avaliadas nesse estudo. Constatou-se também a correlação linear simples positiva significativa entre o comprimento e o diâmetro, e não significativa entre o peso e o número de sementes por fruto, e que os dados referentes a todas as características do fruto do melão de São Caetano avaliadas neste trabalho se ajustaram à distribuição normal de probabilidade, o que permite a realização de inferências com base estatística.

ABSTRACTThe melon from Sao Caetano is a climbing plant, originally from India and South East India and is found in the savanna biome. This study aimed to evaluate the biometric fruit and the number of seeds per fruit of the melon Sao Caetano. The fruits were collected inside a native vegetation area of the campus at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), located in the city of Mossoró, RN. They were then taken to the laboratory of crop science, for the determination of the following characteristics: length, diameter and fruit weight as well as number of seeds per fruit. The descriptive and graphical analyzes were performed by using the statistical package R -project software. The length and diameter variables exhibited a low amplitude variation and a good value for the coefficient of variation. However, the fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit showed a high amplitude variation. There was a high degree of symmetry and a flattened distribution for all traits evaluated in this study. It was also found significant positive simple linear correlation between the length and diameter, and no significant difference between the weight and number of seeds per fruit. The data related to all features of the São Caetano melon fruit evaluated in this study were adjusted to normal distribution of probability which allows the performance of interferences with statistical basis.

Protective renal tubular effects ethyl acetate extract from Citrullus lanatus vine in rats with diabetic nephropathy / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective renal tubular effects ethyl acetate extract from Citrullus lanatus vine in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS: Healthy rates were used to establish DN models by peritoneal injection administration streptozotocin. The levels fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (FBI), serum creatinine (Scr), urine creatinine (Ucr) and urinary albumin (UAlb) were detected. Pathology live was observed. RESULTS: After treatment, ethyl acetate high dose group and medial dose group Citrullus lanatus vine all significantly decreased the levels GLU, FBI, UAlb, KWI and TBI. Meanwhile, Ccr was also improved. CONCLUSION: The ethyl acetate extract from Citrullus lanatus vine can protect renal tubular in rats with DN.

Hypoglycemic effects of different fractions from Citrullus lanatus vine on diabetic model induced by alloxan in mice / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypoglycemic effects of different fractions from Citrullus lanatus vine on diabetic model induced by alloxan in mice.

Study on Anti-inflammatory Effects and Mechanism of Petroleum Ether Extract from Citrullus lanatus Vine / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to study anti-inflammatory effects of petroleum ether extract from Citrullus lanatus vine (PEECLV) and explore the mechanism. The methods of ear swelling with xylene, increasing of peritoneal capil-lary permeability, and paw edema with egg albumin were used in the establishment of mice models, respectively. Granuloma with cotton pellet, and paw edema with carrageenan were used in the establishment of rat models, re-spectively. Observation was made on anti-inflammatory effects of PEECLV. The content of nitrous oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), as well as the level of TNF-α and IL-1β in blood serum were measured among granu-loma with cotton pellet rat models. Contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 5-HT, histamine (His), and protein in inflammatory exudates from the paw edema with carrageenan rat model, as well as contents of NO and NOS in blood serum, and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in order to study the possi-ble anti-inflammatory effects. The results showed that PEECLV can suppress the ear swelling with xylene, the in-creasing of peritoneal capillary permeability, and the paw edema with egg albumin in mice, as well as granuloma with cotton pellet, paw edema with carrageenan in rats. It had anti-inflammatory effects at different degrees. The content of NO and NOS, as well as the level of TNF-α and IL-1β in blood serum were reduced in granuloma with cotton pellet rat models. The content of MDA, PGE2, 5-HT, His, and protein content were reduced in inflammatory exudates from the paw edema with carrageenan rat model. The increasing of NO and NOS in blood serum was inhib-ited. And the activity of SOD was increased. It was concluded that PEECLV had certain anti-inflammatory effects. Its mechanism may be related to the influence of the production of inflammatory mediators and antioxidant.

Analysis to Characteristic Chinese Medicines for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective By studying the prescriptions and medicines for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prescribed by modem doctors, we tried to provide new ideas for developing the new medicines for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Methods 340 prescriptions on treating rheumatoid arthritis were collected from core medical periodicals and books published in the recent 20 years. Make a statistical analysis to the medicines in these prescriptions according to TCM etiological and pharmaceutical theories and modern researching foundlings. Results Among all 254 Chinese medicines used for treating RA, 32 medicines belong to worm and vine medicines, being used for 806 times. Conclusion The worm and vine medicines are frequently used in treating RA with good therapeutic effects combined with other kinds of medicines.

Produção, composição da uva e teores de nitrogênio na folha e no pecíolo em videiras submetidas à adubação nitrogenada / Grapes yield, composition and nitrogen content in leaf and leaf petioles in grapevine with nitrogen fertilization

A videira tem grande importância econômica no Sul do Brasil, mas sua produtividade está associada à utilização de fertilizantes, especialmente nitrogenados, que afetam a produtividade e a composição das bagas. O seu estado nutricional pode ser avaliado pelo teor de N na folha completa e no pecíolo. O trabalho objetivou avaliar como a aplicação de N afeta o seu teor na folha completa e pecíolo, usados para a recomendação de N à videira, e sobre a produção e composição química da uva. O trabalho compreendeu dois experimentos realizados em um vinhedo comercial no município de Planalto (RS), safra 2006/07, sobre um Cambissolo. No experimento 1, videiras Bordô e no experimento 2, Couderc 13 foram submetidas à aplicação de 0, 30, 60 e 90kg ha-1 de N, sendo 50 por cento aplicado após o inicio da brotação, 25% durante a brotação e 25% durante a floração. No pleno florescimento e na mudança da cor da uva foram coletadas folhas completas (limbo+pecíolo) e pecíolos, que foram secos, moídos e preparados à análise de N total. Na maturação da uva foram coletados, aleatoriamente, cinco cachos no centro e na parte externa da planta, pesados, determinado o comprimento, a largura e, em seguida, retiradas 100 bagas, pesadas e reservadas. Posteriormente, os demais cachos foram coletados e pesados para a determinação da produção de uva por planta e produção por hectare. As amostras de bagas reservadas foram trituradas e analisado o total de N, fósforo (P) e potássio (K). Os resultados mostram de forma destacada que as amostras de folhas completas, coletadas no pleno florescimento na cultivar "Bordô" e "Couderc 13", são adequadas para avaliar a disponibilidade de N na planta. A aplicação de N mineral aumentou a produção de uva na cultivar "Bordô" e o total de N nas bagas em ambas as cultivares.

The vine has an economic importance in the South of Brazil, but its productivity is associated with the utilization of fertilizers, especially nitrogen (N) ones, which affects the productivity and the composition of the grapes. Its nutritional state can be evaluated by the N content in the foliar lamina and petiole. Two experiments were carried out in 2006/07 to evaluate the effect of the N fertilization in the N content of the foliar lamina and petiole, which is used for the N recommendation, yield and grape composition of vine, at Haplumbrept soil in Southern Brazil, Planalto city. Bordô vines of the experiment 1 and Couderc 13 ones of the experiment 2 were submitted to applications of 0, 30, 60 and 90kg ha-1 of N as follow: 50 percent was applied after the beginning of bud burst, 25% during bud burst and 25% during the flowering. Samples of the foliar lamina and petiole were collected in the flowering and verasion. The samples were dried, grinded and prepared to the total N analysis. By the time of the grape maturation, five bunches were collected randomly in the center and in the external part of the plant, which were weighted and submitted to length and wide measurements. Sequentially, 100 grapes were taken from these bunches, weighted and reserved. Following, the other bunches were collected and weighted, in order to determine the yield per plant and per hectare. Berries reserved were triturated and N-total, P and K were evaluated. The results clearly showed that the samples of foliar lamina collected in the flowering of the 'Bordô' and 'Courdec 13' cultivars were suitable to evaluate the availability of N in the plant. The N fertilization had increased the yield of grape in the Bordô cultivar and the total N in the grapes of both cultivars.

Superfície foliar da videira 'Folha de Figo' e 'Niagara Rosada' conduzida em diferentes sistemas de condução / Surface leaf of the vine 'Leaf of Fig' and 'Rosy Niagara' grown in different culture systems

Os efeitos da interação entre a forma do dossel vegetal e os fatores ambientais locais resultam no microclima que determinará alguns aspectos fisiológicos da videira, podendo afetar significativamente o crescimento vegetativo da videira, a produtividade do vinhedo, bem como a qualidade da uva e do vinho. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Estação de Viticultura e Enologia de Caldas EPAMIG, Caldas, MG, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do sistema de condução sobre a superfície foliar da videira (Vitis labrusca L.), durante as safras 2003, 2004 e 2005. As variedades produtoras utilizadas no experimento foram 'Niágara Rosada' para mesa e 'Folha de Figo' para produção de vinhos; como porta - enxerto utilizou-se o '420-A'. O delineamento experimental foi DIC em fatorial 4x2 e os sistemas adotados foram cordão simples, latada, espaldeira e lira. Determinaram-se as seguintes variáveis: superfície foliar primária, secundária, total e superfície foliar exposta (SFE).Verificou-se que o sistema cordão simples conferiu a menor superfície foliar total em ambas as variedades, em todas safras avaliadas. Tanto o sistema espaldeira quanto o cordão simples conferiram à menor superfície foliar exposta em ambas as variedades e os sistemas latada e lira, os maiores valores de (SFE).

The effects of the interaction between the form of the vegetable canopy and the environmental factors places result in the microclima that will determine some physiologic aspects of the vine, and may affect significantly the vegetative growth of the vine, the productivity of the vineyard, as well as the quality of the grape and wine. The work was developed in the Station of Viticulture and Enologia of Caldas EPAMIG, Caldas, MG, with the aim of evaluating the effect of the Training system on the foliar surface of the vine (Vitis labrusca L.) during the crops 2003, 2004 and 2005. The producing varieties used in the experiment were ' Niágara Rosy' for table and ' Leaf of Figs' for production of wines; as Door - I graft, the was used ' 420-A '. The experimental delineate was DIC in factorial 4x2 and the adopted systems were simple string, trellis, espaldeira and lira. One determined the following variables: primary foliar surface, secondary, total and exposed foliar surface (SFE). One verified that the simple string system checked the smallest total foliar surface in both varieties, in all appraised crops. As much the espaldeira system as the simple string checked the smallest foliar surface exposed in both varieties and the systems trellis and lira, the largest values of (SFE).

Study on Determination of Combustion Heat of Matrimony Vine / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To determine the colorific value of Matrimory Vine in Qinhai. Method Calorific value of Qinghai matrimony-vine was determined by the method of oxygen bomb type-calorimeter instrument. Results Combustion heat of Qinghai matrimony-vine was 18.36 kJ/g. Conclusion The method is easy and reliable, and its principle is accurate. The data may provide a scientific basis for people’s diet structure and medical use.

Seed-carrying and feeding behavior of Jadera choprai Gõllner-Scheiding (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) / Comportamento de carregamento de semente e alimentação de Jadera choprai Gõllner-Scheiding (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae)

Durante os meses de fevereiro e março de 2001, observou-se o comportamento de carregamento de sementes de Cardiospermum halicacabum (L.) (Sapindaceae) e alimentação pelo percevejo Jadera choprai Gõllner-Scheiding . Observações de campo revelaram que o percevejo se alimenta de sementes maduras caídas no solo. Testes conduzidos em laboratório indicaram que o percevejo é capaz de conduzir as sementes por distâncias de até 200 cm. Vários indivíduos foram observados alimentando-se simultâneamente de uma única semente, com ocorrência de canibalismo. Aparentemente, trata-se da primeira contatação da associação de J. choprai com C. halicacabum e do primeiro registro do carregamento de sementes maduras por essa espécie de ropalídeo.

During February-March 2001, the seed-carrying and feeeding behavior on Cardiospermum halicacabum (L.) (Sapindaceae) by Jadera choprai Gõllner-Scheiding was studied. Field observations indicated that the bugs feed on seeds found on the ground. Laboratory studies indicated that J. choprai may carry seeds 200 cm from where they were found. Several individuals were observed feeding on one seed, with the occurrence of cannibalism. Apparently, this is the first record on the association of J. choprai with C. halicacabum, and on seed-carrying by this rhopalid.