RESUMO
@#Introduction: Cases of violence against children in Indonesia are still a complex problem. The high prevalence highlights the importance of understanding effective ways through which parents can provide the best protection for their children. However, many Indonesian parents consider sex education vulgar and inappropriate. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of using the sex education parenting (SETTING) application to improve the level of knowledge about the prevention of sexual violence among children during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This study was conducted using a quasi-experimental with one group pre-test and post-test design. A total of 91 parents at the Sempor I Health Center, Kebumen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, selected accidentally participated for 3 months. The instrument used was the parental knowledge questionnaire and the smartphone-based SETTING application which has been confirmed valid and reliable, while data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results showed that the majority of parents’ knowledge increased from sufficient (73.6%) to a good level (82.4%) and there were statistically significant improvements in parents’ level of knowledge about the prevention of sexual violence after being given sex education through the SETTING application with p= 0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Sex education with the SETTING smartphone application can effectively increase parents’ knowledge of preventing sexual violence in children. Future investigations are needed to further develop this study in evaluating the effectiveness of SETTING on parental behavior.
RESUMO
El maltrato psicológico es una forma de disciplina utilizada para educar, aún poco identificada, que tiene repercusiones en el desarrollo posterior de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Se analizó la presencia de Indicadores Emocionales (IEs) en Test de Figura Humana en pacientes en edad pediátrica víctimas de violencia psicológica (pcvp) comparados con aquellos no victimas de ningún tipo de violencia (psvp), consultantes del Servicio Ambulatorio de la Cátedra de Psiquiatría. Estudio exploratorio de corte trasverso, que incluyó 6 pcvp y 6 psvp de edades entre 5 a 16 años. Se utilizó como instrumento Indicadores Emocionales IEs del Test de Figura Humana de E. Koppitz. Hubo mayor número de IEs en pacientes con violencia psicológica (37 IEs) comparado al grupo psvp (25 IEs). En los pcvp, en los indicadores generales (16 IEs en pcvp y 9 IEs en psvp) fueron más frecuentes aquellos asociados a angustia, ansiedad, inestabilidad, falta de equilibrio emocional, agresividad, torpeza motriz y problemas de aprendizaje; en los IEs específicos se encontró leve diferencia. En los IEs por omisión de partes corporales, asociados a inmadurez, impulsividad y controles internos pobres se encontró una diferencia menor (4 en pcvp y 1 en psvp) y en los IEs no validados una leve diferencia entre los grupos. Hubo mayor número de IEs en víctimas de violencia psicológica, que sugiere conflictos emocionales con necesidad de mayor investigación ante la posibilidad de desarrollo de algún trastorno posterior.
Psychological abuse is a form of discipline used to educate but little identified yet,. Thepresence of emotional indicators (EIs) was analyzed, using the Human Figure DrawingTest, in children and adolescents who were victims of psychologic violence that attendedthe Outpatient Service of Psychiatry, and were compared with children and adolescentswho attended the service too but do not suffered psychologic violence. This was a crosssectionalexploratory study with a sample of 6 patients with psychological violence (pwpv)and 6 patients without violence (PWPV) who were 5 to 16 years old. Emotional Indicators(EIs) of the Human Drawing Test of E. Koppitz were used as instrument. More EIs werefound in patients with psychological violence (37 EIs in pwpv and 25 EIs in PWPS IEs) Ingeneral indicators (16 EIs in pwpv and 9 IEs in PWPV) prevailed those associated with distress, anxiety, instability, lack of emotional balance, aggressiveness, motor clumsinessand learning problems among patients with psychological violence. In specific EIs, slightdifference was found predominantly in pwpv with. In EIs by missing body parts, associatedwith immaturity, impulsiveness, and poor internal controls, a difference of 4 in pwpv and 1in PWPV was found. In the non-validated EIs a slight difference with a predominance inpwpv was found. In the final analysis, more EIs were observed in the group victim ofpsychological violence. This suggests emotional conflicts that require further investigationfacing the possibility of developing a disorder later.