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Introduction. Les infections respiratoires aiguës (IRA) sont des pathologies ubiquitaires très fréquentes, touchant aussi bien les adultes que les enfants. L'inclusion des vaccins conjugués, contre les pneumocoques et l'Haemophilus influenzae type B a modifié l'épidémiologie en réduisant la prévalence de ces bactéries dans les atteintes infectieuses respiratoires, la prédominance virale est devenue la règle. Notre travail avait pour objectif d'identifier les principaux virus responsables d'IRAS chez les enfants au service de pédiatrie de Donka de décrire la prise en charge des enfants. Patients et méthodes. Étude descriptive prospective de 6 mois allant du 01 Avril au 30 Septembre 2022 incluant les enfants admis au service pour IRAS dont une PCR a été réalisée sur prélèvement nasopharyngé. Résultats. Une proportion de 3,3% des 1584 enfants avaient une IRA virale. 51,1% avaient moins de 5 ans. La proportion des filles était de 63,05% et 76,09% des enfants étaient vaccinés selon le programme élargi de vaccination (PEV). Les motifs de consultation les plus fréquents étaient : fièvre, difficulté respiratoire, asthénie physique, myalgie et toux. La bronchiolite était le diagnostic le plus fréquent. Le diagnostic clinique et radiologique était dominé par la bronchiolite, la bronchopneumonie et la pneumonie. La PCR était positive dans 3,26% des cas dont 2/3 pour le virus influenza et 1/3 pour le coronavirus. Le paracétamol, l'oxygénation, l'antibiothérapie et le sérum physiologique dominaient le traitement. Conclusion. La prévalence des IRA reste élevée avec une faible implication virale. Une étude plus poussée comprenant la microbiologie des prélèvements nasopharyngés et la PCR est nécessaire
Introduction. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are very common ubiquitous pathologies, affecting both adults and children. The inclusion of conjugate vaccines, against pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae type b, has changed the epidemiology by reducing the prevalence of these bacteria in respiratory infectious diseases, viral predominance has become the rule. The aim of our study was to identify the main viruses responsible for ARI in children at the Donka Pediatric Department and to secribe the management of patients. Patients and methods. This was a prospective descriptive study of 6 months from 01 April to 30 September 2022 including children admitted to the service for IRAS whose PCR was performed on nasopharyngeal swab. Results. A proportion of 3.3% of the 1584 children had viral SARI. 51.1% were under 5 years of age. The proportion of girls was 63.05% and 76.09% of children were vaccinated according to the EPI. The most common reasons for consultations were fever, difficulty breathing, physical asthenia, myalgia and cough. Bronchiolitis was the most common diagnosis, Clinical and radiological diagnosis was dominated by bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia and pneumonia. PCR was positive in 3.26% of cases including 2/3 for influenza virus and 1/3 for coronavirus. Paracetamol, oxygenation, antibiotic therapy and saline dominated treatment. Conclusion. The prevalence of SARI remains high with low viral involvement. Further study including bacteriology of nasopharyngeal specimens and PCR is needed
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Pneumonia , Infecções Respiratórias , Broncopneumonia , Bronquiolite Viral , Gerenciamento ClínicoRESUMO
The elderly are a growing proportion of the global population. They are more susceptible to non-communicable diseases and respiratory viral diseases like influenza and covid19, which may lead to increased levels of morbidity and mortality than those of a younger generation.It is also reported that co-morbidities, especially diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease contribute significantly to the prognosis with these types of infections. That the immune system operates in a less efficient way as an individual ages, is now well understood and likely contributes significantly to this situation. The role of certain micronutrients in maintaining a healthy immune system is well recognised and demonstrated to play an important role both in preventing and controlling infection. However, for a number of reasons many elderly individuals have a less than optimal intake of many of the micronutrients that support the immune system. This review examines the contributory roles an aging immune system, suboptimal intake of micronutrients, comorbidities and the impact of the intake of medications typically used to treat them can play in the outcome of viral respiratory infections. It identifies the need for supplementation, especially in the elderly to support the immune system
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Background: The magnitude of response to treatment of asthma exacerbations is variable and a significant proportion of them need hospitalization. Objectives: to define the profile of children that were hospitalized for severe asthma and the possible indicators and determinants of their poor responsiveness. Methods: a prospective study in 60 children 4 years or more of age with a search of the ethiology of the exacerbation and a study of the inflammatory profile in sputum. Results: 60 children between 4 and 15 years. 50 percent had a previous diagnosis of asthma without regular use of inhaled corticosteroids in two thirds. 40 percent had previous admissions for asthma. Etiology of the exacerbation was identified in 52 percent with Rhinovirus, human Metapneumovirus, RSV and Mycoplasma pneumoniae as the most frequent agents. Inflammatory profile was determined in 33 children: eosinophilic in 36 percent, eosinophilic/ neutrophilic in 64 percent. Conclusions: Severe asthma with serious exacerbations may be a phenotype whose outstanding aspects in this cohort were: previous hospitalizations, lack of prophylactic treatment, viral infections as frequent trigger, and combined inflammatory cell profile in sputum.
La magnitud de la respuesta al tratamiento de una exacerbación de asma es variable entre los pacientes y una proporción significativa de ellos debe hospitalizarse. Objetivos: Definir el perfil de los niños que se hospitalizaron por asma grave y los posibles indicadores y determinantes de la respuesta desfavorable al tratamiento. Método: Estudio prospectivo en niños de 4 años o más, con búsqueda etiológica de la exacerbación y estudio de perfil inflamatorio en esputo. Resultados: 60 niños entre 4 y 15 años. El 50 por ciento tenía diagnóstico previo de asma sin uso regular de corticoesteroides inhalados en dos tercios. Hospitalizaciones previas por asma en el 40 por ciento. La etiología de la exacerbación fue identificada en el 52 por ciento siendo los agentes más frecuentes Rhinovirus, Metapneumovius, VRS y Mycoplasma pneumoniae. El perfil inflamatorio fue determinado en 33 niños: eosinofílico en 36 por ciento y eosinoflico/neutroflico en 64 por ciento. Comentario: El asma severa con exacerbaciones graves sería un fenotipo cuyos aspectos destacados en esta cohorte serían: niños con hospitalizaciones previas, falta de tratamiento profiláctico, infección viral como desencadenante frecuente, patrón inflamatorio combinado del esputo y rinitis atópica.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Asma/etiologia , Asma/patologia , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Doença Aguda , Estudos Prospectivos , Fenótipo , Hospitalização , Inflamação , Neutrófilos , Resistência a Medicamentos , Viroses/complicaçõesRESUMO
Viruses are the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in childhood and the main viruses involved are Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV), Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), Influenzavirus A and B (FLUA and FLUB), Human Parainfluenza Virus 1, 2 and 3 (HPIV1, 2 and 3) and Human Rhinovirus (HRV). The purposes of this study were to detect respiratory viruses in hospitalized children younger than six years and identify the influence of temperature and relative air humidity on the detected viruses. Samples of nasopharyngeal washes were collected from hospitalized children between May/2004 and September/2005. Methods of viral detection were RT-PCR, PCR and HRV amplicons were confirmed by hybridization. Results showed 54% (148/272) of viral positivity. HRSV was detected in 29% (79/272) of the samples; HRV in 23.1% (63/272); HPIV3 in 5.1% (14/272); HMPV in 3.3% (9/272); HPIV1 in 2.9% (8/272); FLUB in 1.4% (4/272), FLUA in 1.1% (3/272), and HPIV2 in 0.3% (1/272). The highest detection rates occurred mainly in the spring 2004 and in the autumn 2005. It was observed that viral respiratory infections tend to increase as the relative air humidity decreases, showing significant association with monthly averages of minimal temperature and minimal relative air humidity. In conclusion, viral respiratory infections vary according to temperature and relative air humidity and viral respiratory infections present major incidences it coldest and driest periods.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Microbiologia do Ar , Hibridização Genética , Técnicas In Vitro , Infecções por Paramyxoviridae , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Viroses , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/isolamento & purificação , Ar , Umidade , Pacientes Internados , Métodos , TemperaturaRESUMO
Viruses are the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in childhood and the main viruses involved are Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV), Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), Influenzavirus A and B (FLUA and FLUB), Human Parainfluenza Virus 1, 2 and 3 (HPIV1, 2 and 3) and Human Rhinovirus (HRV). The purposes of this study were to detect respiratory viruses in hospitalized children younger than six years and identify the influence of temperature and relative air humidity on the detected viruses. Samples of nasopharyngeal washes were collected from hospitalized children between May/2004 and September/2005. Methods of viral detection were RT-PCR, PCR and HRV amplicons were confirmed by hybridization. Results showed 54% (148/272) of viral positivity. HRSV was detected in 29% (79/272) of the samples; HRV in 23.1% (63/272); HPIV3 in 5.1% (14/272); HMPV in 3.3% (9/272); HPIV1 in 2.9% (8/272); FLUB in 1.4% (4/272), FLUA in 1.1% (3/272), and HPIV2 in 0.3% (1/272). The highest detection rates occurred mainly in the spring 2004 and in the autumn 2005. It was observed that viral respiratory infections tend to increase as the relative air humidity decreases, showing significant association with monthly averages of minimal temperature and minimal relative air humidity. In conclusion, viral respiratory infections vary according to temperature and relative air humidity and viral respiratory infections present major incidences it coldest and driest periods.