COMPARISON OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AMONG DIFFERENTLY ABLED PERSONS

An attempt has been made to investigate the personality traits namely neuroticism introversion and dominance among the differently abled persons and compare them in respects to the variables. Among differently abled persons, hearing impaired, visually impaired and orthopedically impaired (individuals having orthopedically defects in upper limbs) persons are taken under consideration. Forty subjects of each category namely hearing impaired, visually impaired and orthopedically impaired students were selected within the age range of twelve to eighteen years for the study. Personality characteristics were measured Burn-Reuter Modi?ed Personality Inventory. The data were analyzed through the statistic of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results indicated that the visually impaired persons were superior in neuroticism and introversion than hearing impaired and orthopedically impaired persons. Again orthopedically impaired persons were superior in neuroticism and introversion than hearing impaired persons. On the other hand, hearing impaired persons had higher score than orthopedically impaired and visually impaired persons in respect to dominance.

Caracterización clínico-epidemiológica en pacientes discapacitados visuales por retinosis pigmentaria. Sancti Spíritus. 2009-2019 / Clinical and epidemiological characterization in visual impaired patients due to retinitis pigmentosa. Sancti Spíritus. 2009-2019

RESUMEN Fundamento: La retinosis pigmentaria constituye una causa de discapacidad visual que provoca alteraciones psicológicas y sociales al paciente. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas en pacientes discapacitados visuales por retinosis pigmentaria de la provincia Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, que incluyó 140 pacientes discapacitados visuales afectados por retinosis pigmentaria. Resultados: El grupo etario entre los 29 y 56 años fue el más afectado (78.1 %), el 65 % era del sexo masculino, predominó el color blanco de la piel (87.1 %), sobresalió la catarata como la afección ocular (13.6 %), el 16.4 % presentó hipertensión arterial; la mayoría de los discapacitados no presentó hábitos tóxicos (55 %), prevaleció el debut precoz en el 70 % de los casos. La forma típica de la enfermedad se observó en el 98.5 % de los enfermos, el 67 % manifestó un estadio clínico de la enfermedad grado IV, así como la herencia autosómica recesiva en el 36.4 %. Conclusiones: Predominio de los enfermos en los grupos etario entre 29 y 56 años, masculino, color blanco de la piel; la catarata como patología ocular más frecuente junto a la hipertensión arterial dentro las enfermedades sistémicas; la mayoría de los discapacitados no presentó hábitos tóxicos. El debut precoz, la forma típica, el estadio IV de la enfermedad, así como la herencia autosómica dominante prevalecieron en el estudio.

ABSTRACT Background: Retinitis pigmentosa is a cause of visual impairment that causes psychological and social alterations to the patient. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics in visual impaired patients due to retinitis pigmentosa in Sancti Spíritus province. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out, which included 140 visual impaired patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa. Results: The age group between 29 and 56 years old was the most affected (78.1 %), 65 % were male, white skin predominated (87.1 %), cataract stood out as an eye condition (13.6 %), 16.4 % presented arterial hypertension; most of the disabled did not present toxic habits (55 %), early debut prevailed in 70 % of cases. The typical form of the disease was observed in 98.5 % of patients, 67 % showed a clinical stage of grade IV disease, as well as autosomal recessive inheritance in 36.4 %. Conclusions: Prevalence of patients in the age groups between 29 and 56 years, male, white skin color; cataract as the most frequent ocular pathology together with arterial hypertension within systemic diseases; the majority of the disabled patients did not show toxic habits. Early debut, typical form, stage IV disease, and autosomal dominant inheritance prevailed in the study.

Comunicación con padres, comportamiento sexual e indicadores de abuso sexual en jóvenes mexicanos con discapacidad visual / Communication with parents, sexual behavior, and indicators of sexual abuse in mexican young people with visual disabilities

Resumen La investigación tuvo dos objetivos: 1) describir el patrón de conducta sexual, indicadores de abuso y nivel de comunicación con padres y con madres, en una muestra de jóvenes mexicanos con discapacidad visual, realizando comparaciones por sexo y debut sexual, y 2) analizar la relación entre la comunicación con padres, el uso del preservativo y la presencia de relaciones sexuales forzadas. Se utilizó un diseño transversal-descriptivo-correlacional-observacional. Participaron voluntariamente 64 jóvenes entre 12 y 26 años de edad. Se aplicaron individualmente cinco instrumentos: 1) Perfil sociodemográfico, 2) Datos familiares y antecedentes de la discapacidad, 3) Patrón de conducta sexual, 4) Escala de comunicación sexual con padres y 5) Escala de comunicación sexual con madres. 70% de los participantes habían tenido relaciones sexuales, 50% tuvo su primera relación antes de los 18 años, 70% no utilizó algún método anticonceptivo. El 41.5% reportó haber tenido tres o más parejas sexuales, 28% un embarazo, 14.6% un aborto, 4.9% una infección de transmisión sexual, 22% indicó haber sufrido abuso sexual en su primera relación y el 14% en subsecuentes. La mayoría contestó que nunca o casi nunca han conversado con sus padres sobre los temas evaluados, y con sus madres lo han hecho con poca frecuencia. Se discute la necesidad de desarrollar más investigaciones y programas preventivos para disminuir situaciones de riesgo en jóvenes con discapacidad.

Abstract The research had two objectives: 1) to describe the pattern of sexual behavior, indicators of abuse and level of communication with parents and mothers, in a sample of young Mexican visually impaired, making comparisons by sex and sexual debut, and 2) to analyze the relationship between communication with parents, condom use and the presence of forced sex. A correlational-descriptive-observational cross-sectional design was used. Participated 64 young people between 12 and 26 years old. Five instruments are applied individually: 1) socio-demographic profile, 2)familyfacts and background of disability, 3) sexual behavior pattern, 4) Scale of sexual communication with parents and 5) Scale of sexual communication with mothers. 70% of participants had had sex, 50% had their first sexual intercourse before age 18, 70% did not use any contraceptive method. 41.5% reported having had three or more sexual partners, 28% pregnancy, an abortion, 14.6%, 4.9% sexually transmitted infection, 22% reported having been sexually abused in their first relationship and 14% in subsequent. Most said they never or almost never talked with their parents about the issues evaluated, and their mothers have done infrequently. The need to develop more research and prevention programs to reduce risk situations young people with disabilities is discussed.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Functional Ability of the Visually Impaired ;Questionnaire by using Rasch analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Functional Ability of Visually Impaired Questionnaire (CfaVIQ) by using Rasch Analysis. Methods The faVIQ was translated and adapted into the Chinese-version faVIQ (CfaVIQ). The CfaVIQ was completed by 215 visionlly impaired patients. The data were Rasch-analyzed with the Rating Scale Model of Andrich for calculating item fit statistics, determining the separation index by using Winsteps Rasch measurement program. Results Rasch model analysis indicated individual separation index (3.55) and project separation index (8.01) were both arithmetic greater than 2; the inlier-sensitive fit Mean Square (infitMnSq) and outlier-sensitive fit Mean Square (outfitMnSq) of Items, Persons were both within the range of 0.5-1.5, indicating great coincidence to the model;Wright map analysis showed the distribution of the sample ability and item difficulty was ideally normal. Coefficient of internal consistency was 3.55, separation reliability was 0.93. Pearson correlation coefficient of test-retest reliability was 0.92. Pearson correlation coefficient between CfaVIQ and vision (-0.67), visual acuity (-0.14). The National Eye Institute 25 Item Visual Function Questionnarie (NEI-VFQ25) (0.79) indicated a good construct validity. All the items′outfitMnSq, except outfitMnSq>1.5 of item 10 and item 23,were within the range of 0.5-1.5. Criterion Validity was 0.922 (95%CI:0.858-0.987). Conclusions The CfaVIQ is a culturally specific vision quality of life measure instrument. It can sensitively assess the quality-of-life in the visually impaired group. Rasch measurement model can provide comprehensive and positive information and has good application prospects for analysis of CfaVIQ.

Autonomia pessoal e social de pessoas com deficiência visual após reabilitação / Personal and social autonomy of visually impaired people who were assisted by rehabilitation services

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo visou identificar e analisar criticamente a autonomia pessoal e social de pessoas com deficiência visual (cegueira) após passarem por serviços de reabilitação em uma única instituição especializada. Métodos: O método utilizado na pesquisa possuiu enfoque qualitativo, através da organização de questionários e entrevistas para a coleta dos dados. Foram sujeitos deste estudo pessoas com deficiência visual (cegueira), que passaram pela reabilitação, e os respectivos familiares que acompanharam o processo. O estudo envolveu seis pessoas com deficiência visual, egressos da Unidade para Reabilitação de Deficientes Visuais - URDV entre os anos de 2002 a 2009, além dos seis familiares, correspondendo um para cada pessoa com deficiência visual. Resultados: Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a reabilitação proporcionou alternativas para mudanças determinantes para as pessoas com deficiência visual em seu contexto social. Conclusão: A pesquisa evidenciou que a conquista, ou a reconquista da autonomia pessoal e social dessa população foi alcançada, propiciando, consequentemente, uma melhor qualidade de vida.

Objective:This study aims to identify and critically examine the personal and social autonomy of visually impaired people (blindness) after undergoing rehabilitation services in a single specialized institution. Methods: The method used in the study possessed qualitative approach, by organizing interviews and questionnaires to collect data. Study subjects are visually impaired people (blindness), who went through rehab, and their family members who accompanied the process.. The study involved the six people with visual impairments, graduates of the Unit for Rehabilitation of the Visually Impaired - URDV between the years 2002 and 2009, and six family members, one member to each person with visual impairment. Results: The survey results indicate that rehabilitation provided alternatives for determining changes to people with visual impairments in their socialcontext. Conclusion: This research showed that the conquest or reconquest of personal and social autonomy of this population was reached, providing thus a better quality of life.

Catarata congénita y baja visión. Habilitación visual en un grupo de pacientes / Cataract congenital and low vision. Visual habilitation in a group of patient

La catarata congénita es una las causas más frecuentes de baja visión en Cuba y en el mundo, y se manifiesta desde los primeros momentos de la vida. Se considera la responsable de 10 por ciento de la pérdida visual en el niño y la causa más frecuente de privación visual tratable. Puede ser parcial o completa y, a veces,acompaña a otras afecciones oftalmológicas como: estrabismo, microftalmías, microcórneas, colobomas de iris y coroides, nistagmos y, en ocasiones, se asocia a enfermedades generales y síndromes. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la habilitación visual en pacientes con baja visión por catarata congénita atendidos en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología (ICO) "Ramón Pando Ferrer" en el período enero/2005-diciembre/2008. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo en 23 pacientes (16 masculinos, 7 femeninos) con diagnóstico de catarata congénita. Las variables empleadas fueron: tipo de catarata según lateralidad, modalidad del tratamiento quirúrgico utilizado, afecciones asociadas a la catarata, resultados en agudeza visual y la ayuda óptica más empleada. La catarata bilateral se presentó en 96 por ciento de los pacientes; la cirugía sin lente intraocular fue el tratamiento más empleado (75 por ciento); la ambliopía profunda fue la afección más frecuente (86 por ciento), encontrándose una mejoría de la agudeza visual después de la habilitación en 34.7 por ciento; la ayuda óptica más empleada fueron los microscopios, para 95 por ciento. Con la adecuada y oportuna habilitación se logró alcanzar una mejoría visual en los pacientes.

Congenital cataract is one of the most common causes of low vision in Cuba and worldwide, and is manifest from the first moments of life. Is considered responsible for 10 percent of visual loss in children and the most common cause of treatable visual deprivation. It may be partial or comple te, and sometimes accompanies other eye problems such as strabismus, microphthalmia, microcórnea, iris and choroid colobomas, nystagmus and it is sometimes associated with systemic diseases and syndromes. To evaluate the visual clearance in patients with low vision congenital cataract treated at the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology (ICO) "Ramón Pando Ferrer" in the period January/2005 - December/2008.We performed a retrospective descriptive study in 23 patients (16 male, 7 female) diagnosed with congenital cataracts. The variables used were: type of cataract by laterality, surgical treatment modality used, conditions associated with cataract, visual acuity results and the most widely used optical aids. Bilateral cataract was present in 96 percent of patients; surgery without intraocular lens was the most common treatment (75 percent); deep amblyopia was the most frequent disorder (86 percent), and found an improvement in visual acuity after empowerment in 34.7 percent, the most widely used optical aids were microscopes, 95 percent.

Implicações da deficiência visual na capacidade de controle de placa bacteriana e na perda dental / Implications of visual deficiency in the control capability of bacterial plaque and tooth loss

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de controle de placa bacteriana de deficientes visuais. Primeiramente, foi aplicado um questionário que incluía três áreas temáticas, constituindo-se de questões acerca do conhecimento popular, da percepção e das práticas cotidianas em saúde bucal dos deficientes visuais da Associação Catarinense para Integração do Cego. Após, foi avaliada a capacidade de controle de placa bacteriana por meio do índice de controle de placa (IPC) me 48 pacientes deficientes visuais. Do total de indivíduos, 22 possuíam baixa visão e 26, cegueira. Da população em estudo, 70,83 por cento relataram escovar os dentes mais do que duas vezes/dia. No entanto, quando a qualidade da escovação foi avaliada pelo ICP, notou-se que era adequada somente em 35,42 por cento dos sujeitos. A análise estatística não mostrou relação significativa (5 por cento) entre a condição visual e o ICP (p = 0,4945) e entre esse e o número de dentes perdidos (dp) (p = 0,7929). O mesmo ocorreu com a aplicação do teste de correlação entre tempo de deficiência visual e as variáveis ICP (r = 0,168; p = 0,2534) e DP (r = 0,2703; p = 0,0631). Assim, conclui-se que a condição visual não pode ser considerada como fator de gravidade para a capacidade de controle de placa e perda de elementos dentários.