Comparison of Vocal Cord Motion and Voice Characteristics of Applied Music Singing Students before and after Singing Voice Therapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many students major in applied music singing have various difficulties in phonation when they sing or perform. But the studies about this cause are lack. The purpose of this study is whether singing voice therapy based on vocal music is effective or not to applied music singing students that have difficulties in phonation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Singing voice therapy program had been done to 8 students major in applied music singing during 7 weeks. We did laryngeal stroboscope, perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic examination before and after singing voice therapy to this students. And we studied post examination results have differences or improvements compared to pre examination results. RESULTS: Four male students don't have effective improvement after singing voice therapy but they shows slight improvement in aerodynamic examination values compared to pre examination values. Four female students shows improvement in aerodynamic examination values and pitch range increasing. Above all, one student's vocal nodules disappeared after singing voice therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Singing voice therapy based on music singing is very effective to the students major in applied music singing. Above all, their curriculum in applied music singing should include phonation training based on music singing before training perform and technic practices.

The Effects of Voice Training Therapy on Dysphonia in Patients with Vocal Nodules / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of voice training therapy on the voice improvement in patients with vocal nodules .Methods Twenty one patients with vocal nodules were recruited and were evaluated by the GRBAS perpetual evaluation ,voice handicap index (VHI)-30 subjective assessment ,vocal laryngostroboscopy , maximum phonation time (MPT) and acoustic analysis pre- and post-therapy .These patients completed 5 cour‐ses of voice training .Results The VHI value(29 .48 ± 21 .21) of post-therapy was less than the value (52 .95 ± 24 . 30)of pre -therapy (P< 0 .01) .There were significantly differences in voice perpetual evaluation between pre -training and post-training ,especially for G (grade) (P<0 .01) and R (roughness) (P<0 .01) .The post-training laryngostrobescopy vocal vibration improved comparing with pre-therapy in the closure of vocal cords ,symmetry of vibration ,the mucosal wave and vibration regularity of the vocal cords .After therapy ,three patient nodules dis‐appeared ,thirteen patient nodules became smaller ,and five patient nodules remained the same .The maximum pho‐nation time (MPT) (12 .54 ± 3 .68)of post-therapy was longer than MPT(8 .87 ± 3 .75) of pre-therapy MPT(P<0 .01) .The jitter value (0 .18% ± 0 .08% ) of post -therapy was less than that of pre-therapy(0 .43% ± 0 .31% ) (P<0 .01) .The shimmer of post -therapy (2 .10% ± 0 .98% ) was less than that of pre -therapy (4 .55% ± 1 .80% )(P<0 .01) ,The ratio of noise to harmonic(NHR)(0 .0034 ± 0 .0022 dB) of post-therapy was significantly less than NHR(0 .0184 ± 0 .028 dB)(P<0 .05) of pre-therapy .Conclusion The voice therapy could significantlyimprove voice of patients with vocal nodules .

Evaluación y diagnóstico de la disfonía en niños / Assesment and diagnosis of dysphonia in children

Dysphonia in children is a common symptom but not a cause of common query in pediatrics, and usually is underestimated by parents and physicians. Most of vocal symptoms are caused by vocal abuse, however hoarseness can be a symptom of a relevant health problem and even severe in children. The following paper aims to expand the diagnostic range in this group of patients.

La disfonía en el niño es un síntoma frecuente, no así un motivo de consulta habitual, ya que con frecuencia suele ser subestimado por padres y médicos. Si bien la mayoría de los cuadros son debido a hiperfunción o mal uso de la voz, la disfonía en el niño puede ser síntoma de un problema de salud relevante e incluso grave. La siguiente publicación busca ampliar el abanico diagnóstico en este grupo de pacientes.

Disfonia por nódulos vocais na infância / Dysphonia due to vocal cord nodules in children

O tema principal deste artigo são a ocorrência e as características da disfonia infantil provenientes de nódulos vocais nos primeiros anos escolares.Teve-se por objetivo caracterizar a disfonia infantil decorrentede nódulos vocais. O método utilizado foi a revisão da literatura. Com relação aos resultados, a maioria dos trabalhos científicos aponta os usos incorretos da voz como causadores de nódulos vocais em crianças a patologia mais frequente nessa população. Os nódulos vocais são a principal causa de disfonia infantil, tornando-se importante a intensificação dos programas de prevenção da disfonia infantil.

Topic: how vocal nodules affect dysphonic children during the first scholars years; how it happens and what their characteristics are. Objective: to characterize dysphonic children affected by vocal nodules. Method: Revise literature. Results: most of the scientific work points to the incorrect use of voice as the main aspects to cause vocal nodules in children, the most frequent pathology in such population. Conclusion: Vocal nodules are the main cause for having dysphonic children, be coming relevant the intensification of programmes to prevent it.

Psychological Charateristics of Patients with Vocal Nodules: An Investigation Using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nodules of vocal cords are considered to be tissue reactions to chronic mechanical irritation such as vocal misuse or abuse. Psychological factors related to the development of the vocal nodules have been documented in the literatures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the psychological characteristics of the patients with vocal nodules and find the relationship between the characteristics and the development of the vocal nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patient group consisted of 41 house-wives with vocal nodules (mean age 35.7+/-10.4 years) who visited the department of otolaryngology at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital from July 1997 to May 1998. The control group consisted of 35 house-wives who didn't have any vocal pathology (mean age 34.6+/-9.1 years). All the subjects completed the questionnaires related to the voice disorder and SCL-90-R, a widely used psychopathology test. The scores of SCL-90-R of the patient group were compared with those of the control group. The scores of the patient group with less than 1 year duration (acute) and more than 1 year duration (chronic) were also compared with those of the controls. RESULTS: The total patient group differed statistically from the control group on 7 neurotic scales (p<0.001) and 1 psychotic scales (p<0.05). The acute patient group differed on 2 neurotic scales (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We suggest that the neurotic traits found in the acute patients group may have a role in the development of vocal nodules. The scales found in the total patients group may indicate changes in the psychological characteristics that follow voice change. Thus, psychological characteristics play an important role in the pathogenesis of vocal nodules and warrant more attention to the psychological, emotional aspect of patients in order to treat and prevent these vocal nodules.

The Effect of Voice Therapy on Vocal Nodule Patients / 대한이비인후과학회지

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate objectively the effect and utility of voice therapy which uses acoustic analysis and aerodynamic assessment, in addition to psychoacoustic analysis, as an initial treatment for patients with vocal nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen females and 14 males with vocal nodules were treated by voice therapy. The results of pre-treatment and post-treatment were compared with each other after the following analyses: acoustic analysis by measuring relative average pertubation (RAP) and shimmer; aerodynamic assessments by measuring S to Z ratio and maximum phonation time, and psychoacoustic analysis by using the GRBAS scales. RESULTS: All measurements of post-treatment improved significantly. The post-treatment results of children showed better improvement in shimmer, relative average pertubation and MPT, compared to those of adult patients. No significant difference in improvement could be found between male and female patients. CONCLUSION: Voice therapy may serve as one primary treatment modality in vocal nodule patients.

Electronic laryngoscopic diagnosis and therapy for laryngeal diseases / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To study the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of electronic laryngoscope in treating laryngeal diseases and discuss some problems concerned. Methods: Follow up studies were conducted in 846 patients with laryngeal diseases who were treated electronic laryngoscopically in our department and sex, site of lesion and therapeutic effect were analyzed. Results: The incidence of vocal polyp and nodules in female was significantly higher than that in male, and vise versa in vocal cyst and leukoplakia. Vocal nodules could be located bilaterally, while vocal cyst unilaterally. The operative style applied showed good therapeutic effect. The effective rate for vocal polyp, nodule, and cyst was 99.84%~100%, and that for vocal leukoplakia, 66.67%. Conclusion: Operation under electronic laryngoscope has advantages of rapid performance, small dead angle, high accuracy, few complications, clear image, and little pain, and is beneficial to early diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal diseases. So it is worthy of wide application. [