Current opinion of the treatment of female voiding dysfunction / 대한산부인과학회지

The incidence of female voiding dysfunction is increasing nowadays and is getting more of attention with the aging society. Various treatment methods have been applied to treat stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and voiding difficulty. However, surgery for stress urinary incontinence, medication and bladder training for overactive bladder, and intermittent self-catheterization to treat voiding difficulty remain as the mainstay of management. These standard methods cannot be applied to all patients, and does not always lead to successful outcomes, suggesting that we should acquire the correct knowledge in possible ways to treat these patients. In this review, we will focus on the treatment effects of conservative, medical, and surgical treatment which are currently available, based on the evidence of literatures, and address the promising therapeutic modalities such as new minimally invasive surgical procedures for stress urinary incontinence, botulinum toxin A injection, electrical stimulation (sacral neuromodulation, posterior tibial nerve stimulation), radiofrequency therapy, new pharmacologic agents for overactive bladder and voiding difficulty.

Current opinion of the treatment of female voiding dysfunction / 대한산부인과학회지

The incidence of female voiding dysfunction is increasing nowadays and is getting more of attention with the aging society. Various treatment methods have been applied to treat stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and voiding difficulty. However, surgery for stress urinary incontinence, medication and bladder training for overactive bladder, and intermittent self-catheterization to treat voiding difficulty remain as the mainstay of management. These standard methods cannot be applied to all patients, and does not always lead to successful outcomes, suggesting that we should acquire the correct knowledge in possible ways to treat these patients. In this review, we will focus on the treatment effects of conservative, medical, and surgical treatment which are currently available, based on the evidence of literatures, and address the promising therapeutic modalities such as new minimally invasive surgical procedures for stress urinary incontinence, botulinum toxin A injection, electrical stimulation (sacral neuromodulation, posterior tibial nerve stimulation), radiofrequency therapy, new pharmacologic agents for overactive bladder and voiding difficulty.

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Associated with Nonobstructive Dilation of the Urinary Tract and Voiding Difficulty / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus(DI) is characterized by insensitivity of the distal nephron to vasopressin(ADH) and the inability to concentrate urine, which leads to excreting excessive quantities of urine. Upper tract dilation secondary to polyuria was previously shown to be associated with nephrogenic DI. We report here on 3 males with nephrogenic DI that caused voiding difficulty as well as massive nonobstructive dilation of the urinary tract.

Clinical Significance of Suprapubic Cystostomy in the Treatments of Patients with Voiding Difficulty / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: We assessed the clinical significance of a suprapubic cystostomy for the treatment of patients with voiding difficulties, and analyzed the related courses and complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A review of 55 patients managed with suprapubic cystostomy was undertaken. The changes in the serum Cr, urinary pH and white blood cell values, after a suprapubic cystostomy, were analyzed. The stone-free rate after insertion of a suprapubic catheter was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The original diseases included: spinal cord injury in 20 (36.3%), inoperable benign prostatic hyperplasia in 12 (21.8%), cerebrovascular accident in 10 (18.2%), diabetic cystopathy in 4 (7.3%), recurrent urethral stricture in 3 (5.5%), spinal stenosis in 2 (3.6%), prostatic cancer in 2 (3.6%) and 1 (1.18%) each of Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. The indications for the need for a cystostomy were: poor hand function in 35 (64%), patient request in 8, worsening of the original disease in 6, vesicoureteral reflux in 3, severe urethral damage in 2 and a recurrent urinary tract infection in 1. The most common complication was the formation of bladder calculi, which occurred in 9 (16%). There were no serious complications associated with the procedure. The mean serum creatinine levels changed from 1.01+/-0.09mg/ml to 0.90 +/-0.09mg/ml, but with no statistical significance. The stone-free rates at 1 and 5 years after the procedure were 91.9 and 61.6%, respectively. The urinary pH of the stone-forming group was significantly higher than that of the stone-free group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although continuous cystostomy drainage is not considered an ideal management for bladder emptying, the long-term uses of suprapubic catheters are well tolerated by patients, despite the frequent catheter-related complications. Therefore, a suprapubic cystostomy, as a management, may be indicated in some patients with severe urethral damage and limited activity of the upper extremities.

A Case Report on Acute to Subacute Panautonomic Polyneuropathy: Presenting as a Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder / 대한소화관운동학회지

The acute to subacute panautonomic polyneuropathy is an uncommon peripheral nerve disease, including (1) acute to subacute onset, (2) widespread and severe sympathetic and parasympathetic failure, and (3) relative or complete sparing of somatic nerve fibers. Widespread sympathetic failure is manifested as severe orthostatic hypotension, anhidrosis, and parasympathetic failure, as indicated dry eyes, dry mouth, and disturbances of bowel and bladder function. Abdominal pain, often colicky, is very common, and gastrointestinal symptoms, such as early satiety, bloating, nausea, vomiting, pain, diarrhea, or alterating constipation and diarrhea, may persist for years. Patients usually have a fixed heart rate (HR) and pupils. There may be an antecedent viral infection but the frequency of infection is unknown. Little information is available on the course and prognosis of panautonomic neuropathy. The mainstay of treatment is supportive for the management of orthostatic hypotension, and bowel and bladder symptoms. We have examined a 66-year-old woman complaining epigastric pain, orthostatic hypotension and voiding difficulty, and we report a case of acute to subacute panautonomic neuropathy presenting as gastrointestinal symptoms.

A Case of Leiomyoma of the Urinary Bladder with Voiding Difficulty / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We experienced a case of 67-year-old female with leiomyoma of the urinary bladder accompanied with voiding difficulty. Patient evaluation included IVP, ultrasound, pelvic CT scan and cystoscopy with biopsy. She had a tumor at anterior wall of the urinary bladder and the mass lesion of left ovary. The urinary bladder tumor was removed by partial cystectomy and the mass of left ovary was removed by total abdominal hysterectomy and lect salpingooophorectomy, simultaneously. Microscopically, the tumor of the urinary bladder had spindle shaped nucleus, polychromasia without mitotic figure, and was confirmed as the benign leiomyoma. The tumor of the left ovary was diagnosed as the thecoma on its histologic examination. The leiomyoma is an uncommon benign tumor of the urinary bladder. We report a case of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder with review of the literature.

Surgical Exercise Intramedullary Cysticercosis in Thoracic Cord

Cysticercosis of the central nerve system seldom involves spinal structures. When it does, the parasites grow much more often in the subarachnoid space than within the cord or epidural space. Recently we have experienced a cases of intramedullary cysticercosis in thoracic cord, which was characterized by paraparesis and voiding difficulty of 1 1/2 years duration in 34-year old man, and the patient's symptoms were improved after operation. We discuss this rare condition with brief review of the literature relevant to spinal cysticercosis.