Middle-age Spread of Overweight and Obesity in Ghana; Myth or Reality? Evidence from WHO SAGE Wave 2 Data

Aims: The aim of this study is to describe the age-related risk of overweight/obesity among Ghanaians using data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 2.Study Design:Cross sectional study.Place and Duration of Study:Ghana; 2014-2015. Methodology:Primary study variables were extracted onto Microsoft Excel 14.0 spreadsheet. Secondary variables were generated through grouping, recategorization and combination of primary variables. Descriptive statistics were calculated for age and BMI. Associations between respondents’ characteristics and BMI were evaluated with chi square(χ2) and odds ratio (OR) at 95% confidence level.Results:Data of 1322 respondents were included in data analysis. In all, 520 (39.3%) of the respondents were overweight/obese and nearly half (46.62%) were middle-aged adults. Middle-aged adults were nearly twice as likely to be overweight/obese compared with old adults (AOR=1.62; CI: 1.25-2.10) and the risk was higher for middle-aged females (AOR=2.38; CI: 1.84-3.09). Overall, beingmiddle-aged (OR=1.73; CI: 1.35-2.21); living in an urban community (OR=2.01; CI: 1.61-2.52); being a female (OR=2.69; CI: 2.1-3.44); not engaging in regular physical activity (OR=1.49; CI: 1.18-1.88); and being an occasional drinker of alcoholic beverage (OR=1.58; CI: 1,12-2.22) were significantly associated with overweight/obesity.Conclusion:Obesity/overweight are lifestyle driven phenomenon and can be controlled by risk modification. Public sensitization, imposition of special taxes on sugary beverages, promotion of healthy local staples and creation of enabling community environments to encourage physical activity may be useful approaches in controlling the epidemic

Expression and significance of Rac1 and WAVE2 in glomerulus of high-fat diet induced C57BL/6J model mice / 天津医药

Objective To explore the expression and significance of Rac1 and WAVE2 protein in glomerulus of high- fat diet induced C57BL/6J model mice. Methods Thirty-two male C57BL/6J mice (3-week old) were randomly assigned into two groups(16 in each group). The control group was fed with basic diet (10%fat) for 4 weeks. The high-fat diet group was fed with high-fat diet (60%fat) for 4 weeks. The kidney morphological changes were examined by HE and PAS staining. The expressions of Rac1 and WAVE2 protein were examined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results HE and PAS results showed that there were glomeruli mesangial matrix hyperplasia and exudation in high-fat diet group compared with control group. The immunohistochemistry and Western blotting results showed that expressions of Rac 1 and WAVE2 in glomerulus were both increased in high-fat diet group compared with those of control group. Conclusion Rac1 and WAVE2 protein may be involved in glomerular injuries induced by high-fat diet.

Effects of downregulation of CD147 in the mobility of thyroid cancer cell SW579 and its mechanisms / 实用医学杂志

Objective To detect the effects and mechanisms of CD147 in thyroid cancer cell SW579. Methods RT-PCR and Western-blot were used to determine the levels of CD147 mRNA and protein in SW579 cells after treated with CD147 specific small interference RNA (siRNA). The proliferative ratio of SW579 cells after treated with CD147 siRNA was detected by CCK-8 assay. We detected the changes of cellular mobility after treated with CD147 siRNA by transwell assay. Mobility related proteins were analyzed by western-blot. Results The proliferative ratio and the mobility of SW579 cells were inhibited significantly by down-regulation of CD147. The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were lower in treated cells than untreated ones. Expression of Wave 2 and a mobility related protein were decreased in accompany with down-regulation of CD147. Conclusion Down-regulation of CD147 inhibits mobility of SW579 by suppressing MMP-2, MMP-9 and WAVE 2.

Latest progress in electrocardiographic J wave and J wave syndrome / 中国实用内科杂志

Early repolarization syndrome,Brugada syndrome and Brugada syndrome variant(including sudden cardiac death associated with a prominent J waves in the inferior leads and ventricular fibrillation associated with a prominent J waves and ST segment elevation in the inferior leads)are identical in terms of their ionic and cytological mechanism and may be referred to an Ito-mediated J-wave syndrome.The only difference among these clinical entities is the difference in Ito densities and associated J wave sizes.Ito densities and wave sizes play a key role in arrhythmogenesis.In the leads V1～V3,the J wave and ST segment elevation are the signs that indicate a high risk of sudden cardiac death,i.e.,the Brugada syndrome.In contrast,the J wave and ST segment elevation in V4～V6 is generally considered to be benign,i.e.,the early repolarization syndrome.In other words,J wave that involve the right ventricle are arrhythmogenic;those that involve the left ventricular anterolateral regions are generally benign.Prominent J waves and ST segment elevation involve the left ventricular inferior wall may serve as an important diagnostic sign to detect high risk individuals with a history of unexplained syncope in the condition of sudden cardiac death.