The analysis of unconventional research projects and common problems in the in vitro consistency evaluation of oral solid generic drugs / 药学学报

Based on the "requirements on the submitted documents for consistency evaluation of generic oral solid dosage forms of chemical drugs" and relevant guidance, this article summarized and formulated the decision tree of in vitro consistency evaluation of oral solid generic drugs, discussed the differences and common problems of in vitro evaluation research projects under different conditions, selective analyzed the technical requirements and concern problems of unconventional research projects, and proposed corresponding recommendations for concern problems, in order to provide more references for the follow-up study on consistency evaluation of oral solid generic drugs.

Performance sport, tax waiver and sports incentive law / Esporte rendimento, renúncia fiscal e lei de incentivo ao esporte

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the application of the Sports Incentive Law (SIL) from 2007 to 2011 regarding performance sport. Information about this law was taken straight from the Brazil Sports Ministry website. The methodological view attempted to comprise the analysis of authorized raising resources, raised funds, success rate and redistributive factor. Results found allow us to infer that the SLI came up not only to keep the status quo in federal funds distribution, but also to amplify the difference in its application towards more developed regions and countries.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o desempenho da aplicação da Lei de Incentivo ao Esporte (LIE) de 2007 a 2011 no que se refere ao esporte rendimento. As informações da lei foram extraídas diretamente do site do Ministério do Esporte. O recorte metodológico procurou contemplar a análise dos recursos autorizados à captação, recursos captados, taxa de sucesso e fator redistributivo. Os resultados encontrados permitem aferir que a LIE veio não só para manter o status quo na distribuição dos recursos federais, mas também para amplificar a diferença na sua aplicação em direção às regiões e estados mais desenvolvidos.

Renúncia fiscal (gasto tributário) em saúde: repercussões sobre o financiamento do SUS / Fiscal waiver (tax spending) in health: effects on financing of the SUS

No contexto do capitalismo financeirizado, marcado por uma transferência direta de direitos à saúde para o mercado, as renúncias fiscais (gastos tributários) se apresentam como engrenagens que ampliam o poder das instituições privadas no setor saúde, prejudicando o financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde. É notável o arcabouço legal desenvolvido no Brasil, que assegura a constante ampliação das renúncias fiscais, principalmente nesse setor, contribuindo para a ampliação da cobertura de planos de saúde. Este artigo destaca a efetiva transformação do direito à saúde em garantia de consumo de produtos e serviços, denotando o claro processo de mercantilização que essa política vem sofrendo.

In the context of financial capitalism, marked by a direct transfer of rights to health to market, fiscal waivers (tax expenditures) present as gears that extend the power of private institutions in the health sector, damaging Brazilian Unified Health System financing. It is remarkable the legal framework developed in Brazil, that provides permanent extension of tax waivers, especially in this sector, contributing to increasing coverage of health plans. This article highlights the effective transformation of the right to health in guarantee of consumption of products and services, denoting the clear process of commodification that this policy has been suffering.

In vitro-in vivo studies of the quantitative effect of calcium, multivitamins and milk on single dose ciprofloxacin bioavailability / 药物分析学报

Ciprofloxacin, commonly used in India as an anti-microbial for prolonged use in chronic and non-specific indications, may affect the bioavailability of the drug. The drug prescribed is commonly taken with multivitamins, calcium and milk. A simple and reliable analytical methodology obtaining a correlation with in vivo urinary excretion studies using UV and HPLC and in vitro dissolution studies (IVIVC) has shown a significant increase in elimination rate of ciprofloxacin co-administered with multivitamins, calcium and milk. Appreciable IVIVC results proved that dissolution studies could serve as an alternative to in vivo bioavailability and also support bio-waivers.

Operational Status of Airman Medical Examinations in Korea / 항공우주의학회지

OBJECTIVES: International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) strongly supports that AME (Aviation Medical Examiner) system. AMEs are private physicians, trained and authorized by the government to perform airman medical examinations and to issue or deny medical certificates. In Korea, AME system was introduced in 2000. As of December 31, 2006, there were 48 AMEs in Korea. Applications for airman medical certificate which contain the results of the medical examination conducted by an AME, are typically forwarded to the advisory committee of Aerospace Medical Association of Korea. With a increasing demand for air travel, the number of civil airman population has increased, as a result, airman medical examinations have also increased. Although the number of airman medical examinations are increasing, research related to this field is nil. The purpose of this study was to examine the operational status of airman medical examinations in the calendar year 2006. METHODS: The data were based on the total reported applications of airmen medical certificate collected in the Aerospace Medical Association of Korea in the calendar year 2006. And all data were examined according to the three categories, which are fit, waiver, and deny. RESULTS: The total data were 5,713 airman medical examinations which were collected in the calendar year of 2006. This total included 5,292 applications for first class, 162 for second class, and 216 for third class medical certificates. The number of medical certificate issued were 5,010 as fit, 680 as waivers, and 23 as denials. The majority for waivers was consisted of cardiovascular diseases, otorhinolaryngologic and ophthalmologic diseases. Denials were due to phoria, refractive eye surgery, diabetes, and/or coronary artery disease. CONCLUSION: Some of the denials were made because of the failure to submit required subsequent evaluation reports to the advisory committee of Aerospace Medical Association of Korea. The consequence of negligent or wrongful certification which would permit an unqualified person to take the controls of an aircraft. may result in mishap. For proper issuance of airman medical certificate, the establishment of a guidebook for AME is necessary and database of previous medical records is required. Aeromedical standard is an important factor in flight safety. Therefore, in order to update on aeromedical standards in accordance with evidence-based medicine, more aeromedical research is required and its research findings should be reflected in the revision of standards of airman medical examination in the future.