Levels of childhood nutritional status among the Muslims of char areas in Barpeta district, Assam

Background: The chars depend mostly on the whims of the current of river. The location, delicate ecological conditions and the political situation arising out of the ill- defined problem of immigration have collectively made the chars of Barpeta a challenging place to live. The worst sufferers are the children before entering adolescence period. This study aims to assess the level of nutritional status among the pre-adolescent children.Methods: 466 children (250 boys and 216 girls) from age 3 to10 years were measured cross-sectionally for their height and weight. Sample was collected from Chasra No. 2 char which fall under Baghbor revenue circle of the district. Using Z-score value, the underweight, wasting and stunting status was evaluated.Results: It has been detected that 39.2% boys and 18.98% girls are underweight. The percentage of stunted among them is 16% for the boys and 12.96% for the girls. With the increase of age the prevalence of stunting has decreased. BMI-for -age has detected 24% boys and 24.53% girls to be affected. When the children of the present study were compared with other populations, they were below the tribal children but above other children in their nutritional status.Conclusions: The prevalence of stunting is lesser than underweight percentage, reflecting their current nutritional status to be more affected than the long term exposure to undernutrition. The prevalence of underweight and stunting is higher among the boys than the girls. Further analytic studies are required to identify the underlying causes of their status.

Caracterización de biodiesel obtenido de aceite residual de cocina / Characterization of Biodiesel obtained from waste cooking oil

Se realizó un análisis físico y químico a cada uno de los siguientes tipos de aceite: desechado proveniente de asaderos de pollo, usado de hogares y fresco adquirido en el mercado local de la ciudad de Florencia, Caquetá (Colombia). Se evaluaron los siguientes parámetros: Peso específico, índice de yodo, índice de saponificación, índice de refracción, humedad y materia volátil, punto de fusión, impurezas insolubles, índice de acidez, coeficiente específico de extinción valores k232< y k270, color y prueba de Kreiss. Igualmente se evaluaron los espectros UV-VIS de los tres tipos de aceite estudiados. Se ensayaron siete diferentes tipos de catalizadores para la reacción de transesterificación manteniendo en todos los casos la proporción de catalizador: aceite 38:190 (v/v), tiempo de reacción (2h) y temperatura de reacción (60°C). Se lograron rendimientos de biodiesel de 75.8% de aceite desechado usando KOH 1,269%p/v/MeOH 99%; 87.50% de aceite usado con KOH 0,537%p/v/MeOH 99% y 86.60% de aceite fresco usando KOH 0,457%p/v/MeOH 99%. Al biodiesel obtenido en cada caso se le determinó peso específico, índice de refracción, humedad y materia volátil, cenizas sulfatadas, carbón residual, corrosión a la lámina de cobre y perfil de ácidos grasos. En todos los casos hubo predominio de ácido palmítico, ácido oléico y ácido esteárico en los aceites usados y desechados. Del análisis por cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas se pudo establecer que el contenido total de ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos es del 98,38% para el biodiesel de aceite desechado; 99,53% para el biodiesel de aceite usado y 97, 69% para el biodiesel de aceite fresco.

There was performed a physical and chemical analysis to the following types of oils: waste oil taken from chicken steakhouses, waste oil from houses and clean oil taken from the local market at Florencia, Caquetá (Colombia). There were evaluated the following parameters: specific weight, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index, moisture and volatile matter, melting point insoluble impurities acid, specific extinction coefficient k232< and k270 values, color and Kreiss test. Also, there were evaluated the UV-VIS spectra for the three types of oil studied. There were tested seven different types of catalysts for the transesterification reaction, maintaining the same ratio of catalyst for all cases: oil 38:190(v/v), reaction time (2 h) and reaction temperature (60 °C). There was achieved biodiesel yields of 75.8% discarded oil using KOH 1.269%w/v/99%MeOH; 87.50% wasted oil with KOH 0.537% w/v/99%MeOH and 86.60% fresh oil using KOH 0.457% w/v/MeOH99%. For the biodiesel obtained, in each case, was determined specific gravity, refractive index, moisture and volatile matter, sulfated ash, carbon residue, corrosion to the copper foil and fatty acid profile. In all cases, there was a predominance of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids in the waited and discarded oils. From the chromatography gases analysis with the mass spectrometry was established that the total content of fatty acid methyl esters was 98.38 % for biodiesel taken from waste oil; 99.53% for biodiesel taken from wasted oil and 97,69% for biodiesel taken from clean oil.