The features under volume management behavior and its relationship with health belief in peritoneal dialysis patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the status of volume management behavior in patients with peritoneal dialysis, and to explore the relationship between health belief and volume management behavior.Methods:Convenient sampling was used to select 129 patients who underwent regular dialysis in the peritoneal dialysis center of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January to December 2019. The general condition questionnaire, Health Belief Scale, and Capacity Management Behavior Scale for patients with peritoneal dialysis were used.Results:The total score of the Capacity Management Behavior Scale of peritoneal dialysis patients was 20.23±3.54. Among all the entries: "Weigh and record the infusion volume and drainage volume" and "Regular monitoring of renal function and electrolytes and other related examinations as directed by the doctor" scored higher; while the item "Eat less high-salt and high-sodium food and adjust fluid intake according to the amount of ultrafiltration, edema and urine output" item scored lower; single factor analysis found that different educational levels, different employment conditions, whether had diabetes mellius and different over hydration had statistical significance ( F value was 3.911, t values were 2.409, 4.990, 6.070, P<0.05). The dimension of the perception maintenance capacity balance disorder was negatively correlated with the total score and each dimension of the capacity management behavior( r values were -0.243, -0.260, -0.299, P<0.05) , and the liquid intake self-efficacy dimension is positively correlated with the total score and each dimension of the capacity management behavior ( r values were 0.329, 0.397, 0.393, P<0.05). Conclusions:The level of capacity management behavior of peritoneal dialysis patients needs to be improved; employment status, and whether he has diabetes or not are the influencing factors of the patients' capacity management behavior; in health beliefs, perception of maintenance of volume balance disorders and self-efficacy and peritoneal dialysis are correlated with patients' capacity management behaviors.

Comparación de concentración y excreción de flúor, con y sin fortificación de flúor en sal, costa rica 2005 / Comparison of fluoride concentration and excretion in fortified and non-fortified salt use. Costa Rica 2005

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la concentración y excreción de flúor en orina de 24 horas en 4 grupos de edad y la exposición de flúor en uñas, sin y con fluoruración de la sal, después de un periodo de interrupción de siete meses. Cartago 2004-2005. Metodología: Muestra no probabilística y secuencial de 127 individuos distribuidos en cuatro grupos poblacionales (4-6, 10-12, 15-17 y 35-60 años de edad). El análisis de flúor en orina, agua y sal se realizó con el electrodo específico. El análisis de flúor en uñas se realizó mediante el análisis de difusión facilitada con hexametildisiloxano (HMDS). Se calculó la concentración de flúor en orina, uñas, agua y sal, así como la excreción de flúor en orina. Resultados: En el periodo sin sal fluorurada (fase 1), 90,5% de muestras de sal tenían menos de 15,8 mgF/kg (promedio 22,7 mgF/kg) y el agua un promedio de 0,25 mgF/l; en el periodo con sal fluorurada (fase 2) el promedio de flúor en sal fue de 143,5 mgF/kg, siempre con la concentración de agua de 0,25 mgF/l. La excreción urinaria de 24 horas y la concentración de flúor con 7 meses sin sal fluorurada en ambos casos fue menor en la fase I en los cuatro grupos de edad. Con sal fluorurada (fase II) la excreción aumentó en 80% en promedio, en todos los grupos de edad. Por el contrario, la concentración de flúor en uñas, fue más elevada durante la fase 1, sin diferencias significativas entre grupos ni entre fases. Conclusión: La interrupción de la fluoruración de la sal en Costa Rica permitió medir la presencia de éste elemento en la población centinela (control), confirmando que el organismo mantiene el flúor aún por 7 meses después de dejar de ingerir flúor independiente de la edad. La medición de la concentración de flúor en uñas podría constituirse en un método de medición de éste elemento para complementar el estudio de flúor en el organismo humano.

Abstract Objective: To determine the concentration and excretion of fluoride in urine of 24 hours in 4 age groups and fluoride exposure in nails, without and with fluoridation of the salt, after a period of interruption of seven months. Cartago 2004-2005. Methodology: Non-probabilistic and sequential sample of 127 individuals distributed in four population groups (4-6, 10-12, 15-17 and 35-60 years of age). The analysis of fluorine in urine, water and salt was performed with the specific electrode. Nail fluoride analysis was performed by diffusion analysis provided with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS). The concentration of fluoride in urine, nails, water and salt, as well as the excretion of fluoride in urine was calculated. Results: In the period without fluoridated salt (phase 1), 90.5% of salt samples had less than 15.8 mgF / kg (average 22.7 mgF / kg) and water averaged 0.25 mgF / L; In the period with fluorided salt (phase 2) the average fluoride in salt was 143.5 mgF / kg, always with the water concentration of 0.25 mgF / l. The 24-hour urinary excretion and fluoride concentration at 7 months without fluoridated salt in both cases was lower in phase I in all four age groups. With fluoridated salt (phase II) excretion increased by 80% on average in all age groups. In contrast, the fluoride concentration in nails was higher during phase 1, without significant differences between groups or between phases. Conclusion: The interruption of fluoridation of salt in Costa Rica allowed the measurement of the presence of this element in the sentinel population (control), confirming that the organism maintains the fluoride still for 7 months after stopping ingesting fluorine independent of age. The measurement of the concentration of fluoride in nails could constitute a method of measuring this element to complement the study of fluorine in the human organism.

THE DANGER OF DEHYDRATION AND HEATSTROKE IN THE WALKING OF MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY PERSONS IN THE SUMMER / 体力科学

In this study, the danger of dehydration and heatstroke in a walking event in the summer was examined. Subjects were 64 males, 11 females, and the average age was 62.3±7.8 years old. The following were measured before and after 25 km walking : body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, tympanic temperature, and fluid intake. WBGT in the walking event was 22.6℃ mean value. Time of the 25 km walking was 5 hours 45 minutes, and the number of steps were 36,570±2,741 steps. The body weight loss by the walking was 1.36±0.57 kg, 2.24±0.96%. This body weight loss rate increased with the age. The fluid intake was 1,327±608 g, and sweat loss was 2,621±740 g in the walking. The tympanic temperature after walking was 38.02±0.60℃, and increased 0.99±0.67℃ from before walking. In the walking of middle-aged and elderly persons in the summer, there is danger of dehydration and heatstroke, therefore enough water and salt intakes are necessary.