Análise epistemológica dos conhecimentos científicos sobre Toxocara sp. com ênfase na infecção humana / Epistemological analysis of the scientific knowledge about Toxocara sp. with the emphasis on human infection

Resumo Este artigo objetivou analisar a evolução do conhecimento sobre Toxocara sp. em seu aspecto zoonótico por meio de dados científicos entre os anos de 1996 a 2015 utilizando a epistemologia como ferramenta. A análise epistemológica da evolução do conhecimento sobre o aspecto zoonótico de Toxocara sp. no Brasil demonstrou que, de uma maneira geral, foram agregadas poucas novas informações as quais tiveram, ao longo do período estudado, absorção lenta, descontínua, e não foram inseridas na realidade social do ponto de vista de Saúde Pública.

Abstract The scope of this article was to analyze the evolution of knowledge about Toxocara sp. from a zoonotic point of view by means of scientific data published between the years 1996 and 2015 using epistemology as a tool. The epistemological analysis of the evolution of knowledge on the zoonotic aspect of Toxocara sp. in Brazil revealed that, in general, little new information was added which had, over the period studied, slow and discontinuous absorption, and was not incorporated in the social reality from the standpoint of public health.

El sujeto y la estética corporal en la sociedad contemporánea (algunas relaciones teóricas con el capitalismo y plus de gozar) / Subject and corporal body aesthetic in the contemporary society (some theoretical relationship between capitalism way of thinking and plus-de-jouir)

This paper focuses on the relationship between subject and corporal body aesthetics based on the capitalist way of thinking and plus-de-jouir, as suggested by psychoanalytic studies. The incidence of body aesthetics as a field of interest in clinical aesthetics of a given subject in the contemporary society. is A careful review conducted by authors who have illustrated significant progress related to the field of aesthetics with subjectivity based on the relationship between a given subject with subconscious clinical pleasure imperatives as a result of the given capitalist economy and the spe-cific ways in which the body is relates to the aesthetic designs of the modern culture.

En el presente artículo, se plantea una reflexión acerca de la relación del sujeto con la estética corporal desde el discurso capitalista y la noción plus de gozar, aportada por el psicoanálisis. Contempla la incidencia de la estética corporal como campo de interés para la clínica del sujeto en la sociedad contemporánea. Se realizó una atenta revisión sobre autores que han ilustrado avances significativos en torno al campo de la subjetividad, de las relaciones del sujeto con la clínica del inconsciente, con los imperativos de goce en la economía capitalista, y de las formas específicas en que el cuerpo se relaciona con los designios estéticos de la cultura en la época actual.

3-Year Follow up Study of the Way of Thinking and Satisfaction Level of North Korean Defectors in South Korea / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the change in attitudes and satisfaction level of North Korean defectors in South Korea over a 3 year period (2001-2004). METHODS: In our first study in 2001, a total of 200 defectors were interviewed. In the follow up study after 3 years, 151 defectors were re-interviewed by an in-person interview. RESULTS: The level of satisfaction to the governmental support policy to defectors decreased significantly. However, the general level of satisfaction increased slightly (from 3.52 to 3.56 ; 5-score scale). This shows that North Korean defectors are stably adapting to South Korean society. The level of satisfaction significantly correlated with the defectors' confusion of the different value systems, the defectors' understanding of the South Korean people, satisfaction with their physical and mental health, and the prejudice of South Korean people to defectors. In terms of the attitudes, the type of schooling, the military service and the communist party membership in North Korea were not related to the change in attitude. However, there was a significant correlation with gender and age. Women showed a greater change in attitude compared to men. Older people had difficulty in understanding the South Korean people, but they showed little psychological affiliation to North Korea. Moreover, they showed a high level of satisfaction with the economic situation in South Korea and had an optimistic viewpoint for their future than younger people. Even though many defectors attended churches, religion was not associated with the level of satisfaction or their change in attitude. CONCLUSION: The factors that influence the level of satisfaction and attitudes of North Korean defectors have changed over 3 years. Therefore, the government, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) associated with defectors and the churches need to be more sensitive to these changes and make plans to support the adaptation of defectors to South Korean society.

The Effects of Chinese Expression on English Writing / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Lots of college students' writings are influenced by Chinese expressions.Personal pronouns are used as subject mostly;passive voice and nominal structure are less used;sentence structures are rather simple;necessary conjunctions are needed between sentences and paragraphs.Chinese way of thinking leads to Chinese English.To avoid this,students should be full aware of the differences between Chinese expressions and English expressions,and practise more to improve their English writing skills.

Thinking on Clinical Medicine Teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The traditional teaching modes and approaches of medicine are facing with unexpected challenges and opportunities.In order to train high-quality medical students,we now need to reconsider and reform the traditional teaching modes and approaches of medicine. This essay will provide some suggestions of teaching reform in clinic medicine.