Association between ocular trauma and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adult patients

Purpose: To investigate the potential relationship between ocular trauma and attention?deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?related clinical outcomes in adults. Methods: This prospective case?control study included 108 ocular trauma patients and 90 age?sex?matched healthy control. The ocular trauma group was separated into the subgroups home accident, outdoor activity, and work related in terms of the reasons for ocular trauma, and as ocular surface problems, blunt trauma?related, and open globe injury in terms of the clinical findings. The ADHD?related clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Wender?Utah Rating Scale (WURS). The outcomes were compared between ocular trauma and control groups, and ocular trauma subgroups. Results: The demographic characteristics of ocular trauma groups and controls were similar (P > 0.05, for all). In comparison to the control group, the ocular trauma group had higher total WURS score and WURS subscale scores, but not significantly (P > 0.05, for all). According to comparisons of the subgroups separated by the reasons, there was significant difference in the mean behavioral problems/impulsivity scores in favor of outdoor activities (P = 0.015). On the other hand, the mean scores for WURS subscales of the subgroups separated by the clinical findings were similar (P > 0.05, for all). Conclusion: WURS scores in ocular trauma patients are similar to control; however, the score in behavioral problems/impulsivity subscales is higher for ocular trauma caused by outdoor activities

Association between the 5-HTTLPR Genotype and Childhood Characteristics in Mood Disorders

OBJECTIVE: The features of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are significantly associated with adult mood disorders. Some genetic factors may be common to both ADHD and mood disorders underlie the association between these two phenotypes. The present study aimed to determine whether a genetic role may be played by the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in the childhood ADHD features of adult patients with mood disorders. METHODS: The present study included 232 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), 154 patients with bipolar disorder (BPD), and 1,288 normal controls. Childhood ADHD features were assessed with the Korean version of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-K). The total score and the scores of three factors (impulsivity, inattention, and mood instability) from the WURS-K were analyzed to determine whether they were associated with the 5-HTTLPR genotype. RESULTS: In the BPD type II group, the 5-HTTLPR genotype was significantly associated with the total score (p=0.029) and the impulsivity factor (p=0.004) on the WURS-K. However, the inattention and mood instability factors were not associated with the 5-HTTLPR genotype. BPD type I, MDD and normal control groups did not exhibit any significant associations between the WURS-K scores and the 5-HTTLPR genotype. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the 5-HTTLPR genotype may play a role in the impulsivity component of childhood ADHD in patients with BPD type II. Because of a small sample size and a single candidate gene, further studies investigating other candidate genes using a larger sample are warranted to determine any common genetic links.

Association of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Heroin Addiction.

Objectives: To study the association of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with heroin addiction. Study design: A cross-sectional, hospital based study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Lady Reading Hospital and Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from 4th April 2012 to 13th September 2012. Subjects and Methods: A sample of 137 adult heroin addicts were analyzed that whether they were ADHD and that childhood problem continues to manifest symptoms in adults. For retrospective assessment of childhood ADHD, the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) as well as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) symptom checklist for ADHD was used. The Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) was used to assess the persisting symptoms of ADHD in adults. Inclusion criteria: Patient diagnosed with heroin addiction according to ICD-9 and DSM-IV. Exclusion criteria: Patient has co-morbid with any other mental illnesses. Results: The difference between the mean score of WURS and CAARS of ADHD patients were significantly greater than the normal patients. Heroin addicts showed 41.6% (WURS) and 38.6% (DSM-IV diagnostic criteria) that indicated evidence of retrospective ADHD affliction in childhood. 22.6% were IV users. CAARS was presented in 37.9% heroin addicts who exhibited a substantiation of ADHD persistent in adulthood. The difference between the mean score of WURS and CAARS of ADHD patients were significantly greater (P = 0.003), than the normal patients. Conclusions: These results revealed that addiction is associated with co-morbidity with ADHD, expressed in the form of heroin addiction.

History of childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among adult substance users in selected drug rehabilitation centers: A descriptive study

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the prevalence of ADHD among substance users in selected rehabilitation centers admitted from September 1,2008 to October 31,2008 using the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS).METHODOLOGY: A total of 104 recovering adult substance users (CI 95%) from rehabilitation centers were included by purposive sampling. They were then asked to answer an information set and subsequently WURS & ASRS was administered, either self-administered or clinician-assisted.RESULTS: In this study, the prevalence of childhood ADHD among adult substance users using WURS was 23.1%. Of the 80 (77.1%) who didn't reach the cut-off score of 46, twenty-one subjects (20.2%) had WURS scores between 39-45 may have possible ADHD. About 29 (27.9%) subjects showed adult symptoms of ADHD. However, substance users with atypical depression and borderline personality disorder were not screened out and may account for false positive results.CONCLUSION: About 1/3 of substance users in the study were positive for ADHD using the WURS while 1/5 of those studied had possible ADHD, needing further investigation.

As condições e a organização do trabalho de professoras de escolas públicas / Working conditions and organization of teachers of public schools / Condiciones y organzación del trabajo de profesoras en escuelas públicas

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as condições e a organização de trabalho de professoras da rede pública do município de João Pessoa (PB). Para tanto, utilizou-se uma abordagem pluridisciplinar: ergonomia da atividade e psicodinâmica do trabalho, sob a ótica das relações sociais de gênero. Ao longo da investigação, foram realizadas observações da atividade e formaram-se comunidades ampliadas de pesquisa. No que diz respeito às participantes dessa investigação, contou-se com a colaboração de quarenta profissionais distribuídas entre três escolas. Com base na análise do material produzido, constatou-se que os principais motivos de inserção profissional dessas trabalhadoras na educação são profundamente marcados pelas relações sociais de gênero e condições socioeconômicas. Verificou-se ainda a discrepância entre trabalho prescrito e o trabalho real. Porém, percebeu-se que, apesar das dificuldades encontradas nas situações de trabalho, as professoras, por intermédio do uso de suas sensibilidades e criatividades, desenvolvem diversas formas de regulação da atividade, dando novas formas ao trabalho e inventando diferentes maneiras de articular-se a ele.

This paper aims at analysing working conditions and organization of public basic school teachers in João Pessoa (PB). To do so we departed from a multidiciplinary approach: activity ergonomy and psycho-dynamics of working under a gender social relations viewpoint. Alongside this research we made use of activity observation and formed communities expanded search. In regard to the research participants, a group of forty professionals from three different schools collaborated with the investigation. When it comes to the analysis of the produced data, we observed that the main reason why theses professionals chose the educational workfield is deeply rooted in gender social relations and socio-economic conditions. We also verified certain discrepancies between the job description and the work actually done by theses professionals. However, it was noticed that despite the difficulties encountered in work situations, the teachers through the use of their sensitivity and creativity, develop various forms of regulation of the activity, giving new ways to work and inventing different ways to link to it.

El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis de las condiciones y organización del trabajo de profesoras de escuelas públicas de la ciudad de João Pessoa (PB). Se utilizó un enfoque pluridisciplinario: ergonomía de la actividad y psicodinámica del trabajo, desde la perspectiva de las relaciones sociales de género. A lo largo de la investigación, fueron hechas observaciones de la actividad y organización comunidades ampliado de búsqueda. Con respecto a los participantes, contribuyeron cuarenta profesionales distribuidos en tres escuelas. El análisis constató que la motivación para la inserción profesional de estas trabajadoras ocurre a partir de las relaciones sociales de género y de las condiciones socioeconómicas. Además, existe discrepancia entre trabajo prescrito y trabajo real. Sin embargo, se observó que a pesar de las dificultades que encuentran en situaciones de trabajo, los profesores mediante el uso de su sensibilidad y creatividad, desarrollan las diversas formas de regulación de la actividad, dando nuevas formas de trabajar e inventar maneras de vincular a ella.