RESUMO
@#BACKGROUND:Human activity in wilderness areas has increased globally in recent decades, leading to increased risk of injury and illness. Wilderness medicine has developed in response to both need and interest. METHODS:The field of wilderness medicine encompasses many areas of interest. Some focus on special circumstances (such as avalanches) while others have a broader scope (such as trauma care). Several core areas of key interest within wilderness medicine are discussed in this study. RESULTS:Wilderness medicine is characterized by remote and improvised care of patients with routine or exotic illnesses or trauma, limited resources and manpower, and delayed evacuation to definitive care. Wilderness medicine is developing rapidly and draws from the breadth of medical and surgical subspecialties as well as the technical fields of mountaineering, climbing, and diving. Research, epidemiology, and evidence-based guidelines are evolving. A hallmark of this field is injury prevention and risk mitigation. The range of topics encompasses high-altitude cerebral edema, decompression sickness, snake envenomation, lightning injury, extremity trauma, and gastroenteritis. Several professional societies, academic fellowships, and training organizations offer education and resources for laypeople and health care professionals. CONCLUSIONS:The future of wilderness medicine is unfolding on multiple fronts:education, research, training, technology, communications, and environment. Although wilderness medicine research is technically difficult to perform, it is essential to deepening our understanding of the contribution of specific techniques in achieving improvements in clinical outcomes.
RESUMO
Los rescates en lugares remotos y la medicina agreste son áreas que se encuentran en desarrollo desde fines de la década de los sesenta en Estados Unidos. Nuestro país también posee un sistema de rescate en zonas apartadas, el cual se enfrenta a una creciente demanda. Presentamos el ejemplo de una unidad de rescate norteamericana, con el fin de reflexionar acerca de cómo se resuelven estas situaciones en otros países.
Rescue in remote areas and wilderness medicine have been under development in the US since the late 60´s. Chile has also developed a rescue system for remote areas which is currently facing a growing demand. We present the example of an alpine rescue team from the US, so we can reflect upon how other countries face this problems.