Enfermedad de Wilson rápidamente evolutiva y con presentación inusual / Wilson’s disease with unusual presentation and rapid evolution

Presentamos el caso de un paciente con enfermedad de Wilson que tuvo un comportamiento poco habitual. Previoa la aparición de las manifestaciones neurológicas, tuvo tos como único síntoma, sospechándose una discinesiarespiratoria como forma de presentación. La forma clínica de su enfermedad fue de tipo neurológico puro y sin evidencias de compromiso hepático. No hubo una respuesta satisfactoria al tratamiento instituido y la evolución fue rápida y fatal en poco tiempo.

We present a case of Wilson’s disease with an unusual course. Before the onset of neurological manifestations, cough was the only symptom, suggesting a respiratory dyskinesia as the form of presentation. The disease took a purely neurological type, without signs of hepatic compromise. There was no response to medical treatment, and the evolution was rapid and fatal.

Wilson?s disease presenting as rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a possible window to early treatment / Doença de Wilson apresentando-se com transtorno comportamental do sono REM: uma janela possível para instituição de tratamento precoce

Objective To describe characteristics of REM sleep behavior disorder in Wilson’s disease. Method Questionnaire-based interviews (patients and relatives), neurological examinations, two-week prospective dream-diary, video-polysomnography, transcranial sonography, MRI. Results Four Wilson’s disease cases with REM sleep behavior disorder were described; three had REM sleep behavior disorder as initial symptom. All showed mesencephalic tegmental/tectal sonographic hyperechogenicities and two presented ponto-mesencephalic tegmental MRI hyperintensities. Conclusion This first description of REM sleep behavior disorder in Wilson’s disease in literature documents REM sleep behavior disorder as a possible presenting symptom of Wilson’s disease and adds further evidence to the parallelism of Parkinson’s disease and Wilson’s disease in phenotype and brainstem topography, which ought to be further studied. REM sleep behavior disorder has prognostic relevance for neurodegeneration in α-synucleinopathies. In Wilson’s disease, usefulness of early diagnosis and treatment are already well established. REM sleep behavior disorder in Wilson’s disease offers a possible theoretical model for potential early treatment in this extrapyramidal and brainstem paradigm syndrome, previewing the possibility of neuroprotective treatment for REM sleep behavior disorder in “pre-clinical” Parkinson’s disease. .

Objetivo Descrever características do transtorno comportamental do sono REM (TCSR) na doença de Wilson (DW). Método Aplicação de entrevistas, vídeo-polissonografia, sonografia transcraniana (STC), ressonância magnética (RM), diário de sonhos. Resultados Descrevemos quatro casos de DW com TCSR. Três apresentaram o TCSR como primeira manifestação. Todos mostraram hiperecogenicidades mesencefálicas na STC, dois apresentaram hiperintensidades ponto-mesencefálicas na RM. Conclusão Esta é a primeira descrição do TCSR na DW. Relatamos o TCSR como um sintoma inicial da DW. Acrescentamos prova para o paralelismo entre a doença de Parkinson e DW, com relação aos fenótipos e localização das lesões cerebrais. Nas alfa-sinucleinopatias, o TCSR tem relevância prognóstica quanto à neurodegeneração. Na DW, já conhecemos a importância de diagnóstico e tratamento precoces. O TCSR na DW oferece um modelo para antecipar o tratamento desta síndrome de acometimento dos núcleos basais e tronco, vislumbrando a possibilidade de tratamento neuroprotetor para a fase “pré-clínica” da DP. .

Avaliação fonoaudiológica na doença de Wilson com relato de caso ilustrativo / Phonoaudiological evaluation in Wilson´s disease with illustrativecase report

A doença de Wilson (DW) é uma doença genética, autossômica recessiva, causada por mutações no gene ATP7B que atua na excreção biliar do cobre. A falência desta via provoca alterações no metabolismo do cobre no organismo pelo comprometimento da síntese de ceruloplasmina, provocando a deposição do metal em vários locais do organismo principalmente, fígado, cérebro, córnea e rins. O paciente como consequência pode apresentar manifestações neurológicas, psiquiátricas, hepáticas e de outros sistemas. O presente relato visa mostrar a avaliação fonoaudiológica e descrever a disartria em paciente com DW, que apresentou os primeiros sinais da doença com quadro súbito de catatonia, algia em membros superiores e inferiores, seguidos por alteração da fala, marcha e deglutição.A avaliação fonoaudiológica da articulação constou das cinco bases motoras da fala. Foi utilizado também o exame tempo máximo fonatório (TMF), visando avaliar o fluxo aéreo, a musculatura laríngea, a eficiência glótica e o suporte respiratório para a fala. Utilizou-se também a avaliação e inspeção da musculatura orofacial. Foram detectadas as seguintes alterações nas bases motoras da fala: articulação: alteração da extensão na produção de fonemas; precisão de vogais; extensão da frase; respiração: alteração na coordenação pneumofonoarticulatória; ressonância: nasalidade; fonação: alteração do fluxo aéreo e da musculatura laríngea; comprometimento do suporte respiratório e travamento articulatório; prosódia: alteração na velocidade da leitura de textos, entonação e marcação de prosódica de sílaba tônica.Acredita-se que o processo de terapia para disartria deve ser intensivo, onde se conclui que os benefícios do acompanhamento fonoaudiológico têm relação direta com frequência e o tempo da realização dos mesmos.

Wilson´s disease (DW) is a genetic, recessive autosomal disease, caused by mutations of the ATP7B gene that acts in the biliary excretion ofcopper. The failure of this pathway causes changes of copper metabolism in the organism by impairing the ceruloplasmin synthesis, and leadingto deposition of the metal in various sites of the organism, mainly liver, brain, cornea and kidneys. The patient, as a consequence, can presentneurological, psychiatric, hepatic manifestations, as well as of other systems.The present report aims at showing the phonoaudiological evaluation and to describe the dysartria in a patient with WD who displayed the first signs of the illness with sudden catatonia and pain in the superior and inferior limbs, and changes of speech, gait and swallowing.The phonoaudiological evaluation included the five motor bases of speech. The examination of the maximum phonatory time (MPT) was also used to evaluate the aerial flow, the laryngeal muscle, the glottic efficiency, and the respiratory support of speech. The evaluation of orofacial muscle was also accomplished. The following changes in the motor bases of speech were detected - articulation: extension in the production of phonems, precision of vowels, extension of the phrase; breath: changes in the pneumophonoarticulatory coordination,; resonance: nasality; phonation: changes of the aerial flow and of the laryngeal muscle; respiratory support for speech prosody: changes in the speed of the reading texts, tune and marking of tonic syllable prosody.It is believed that the therapeutic process for dysartria must be intensive, and the benefits of phonoaudiological follow-up bears a direct relation with the frequency and time of its accomplishment.

Wilson's Disease: a case report and a historical review / Doença de Wilson: relato de caso e revisão histórica

The purpose of this report is to present a short review of the history of Wilson’s disease and to describe the first diagnosed case at the Neurologic Clinic of Hospital das Clínicas of São Paulo University Medical School. The topics of the historical review are the first contributions of authors along the second half of the XIX century, the seminal monograph of Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson (1912), the landmarks in the investigation of mechanisms of the disease and the introduction of the first effective treatment by John Walshe (1956). The first case studied in our Clinic, in 1946, was a 20 year-old male whose main neurological manifestations were postural tremor (“wing beat”) and dysarthria and could be characterized as Westphal-Strümpell form of the disease. Along the discussion of this case difficulties to establish the diagnosis and to treat the patient at that time are highlighted. We conclude with a brief history of the development of researches on Wilson’s disease in our Clinic, with an honor to the pioneer contributions of Horácio Martins Canelas.

Neste artigo inicialmente é feito um retrospecto dos principais marcos na história dos conhecimentos sobre a doença de Wilson, desde as primeiras descrições de casos no século XIX, passando pela magnífica monografia de Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson, m 1912, pelas descobertas sobre a causa da doença e chegando à era do tratamento efetivo da moléstia inaugurada por Walshe em 1956. A seguir, relata-se o primeiro caso de doença de Wilson estudado na Clínica Neurológica do HC-FMUSP. O paciente admitido na Clínica Neurológica em 1946, aos 20 anos de idade, apresentava a variante da doença em que predominavam tremor postural e disartria, conhecida como forma de Westphal-Strümpell. Na discussão, são ressaltadas as dificuldades da época para a confirmação do diagnóstico e para o tratamento; além de se realizar um breve histórico do estudo da doença na Clínica Neurológica, com o devido realce para a figura de Horácio Martins Canelas, pela sua participação pioneira nas pesquisas sobre a doença de Wilson em nosso meio.

Early Onset of Minimal change Nephrotic Syndrome during Treatment with D-penicillamine in a Patient with Wilson s Disease

Wilson s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by degenerative changes in the brain, liver, and cornea. Treatment includes D-penicillamine, trientine, and zinc sulfate. D-penicillamine has been used frequently as first line therapy for Wilson s disease. However, nephrotoxicity can occur after D-penicillamine treatment. Among them membranous glomerulopathy is the most common histological abnormality but minimal change lesions have also been reported. Nephrotic syndrome is a late complication of D-penicillamine treatment but very rarely can occur within 2 months after treatment of D-penicillamine. We report the early development of minimal change nephrotic syndrome in a 3-year-old girl with Wilson s disease 3 weeks after initiation of D-penicillamine.

Wilson`s Disease with Abnormal Secretion of Pituitary Hormones / 대한내과학회지

Wilson`s disease is a hereditary disorder in hepatic excretion of copper that results in toxic accumulations of the metal in liver, brain and other organs. Though there have been some reports of Wilson's disease with hepatic, neurologic, psychiatric symptoms, or hemolytic anemia, a case of Wilson's disease with abnormal secretion of pituitary hormones is, to our best knowledge, the first report in Korea. We report a case of Wilson`s disease with abnormal secretion of pituirary hormones, chronic active hepatitis with feature of early cirrhosis and hemolytic anemia in 18-year-old man showing delayed puberty. And also we describe a case of successful desensitization to penicillamine in a penicillamine hypersensitivity.