Doble jornada laboral y percepción de la salud en mujeres: investigación cualitativa / Double working day and perception of health in women: qualitative investigation

Introducción. El trabajo ocupa un lugar clave en la vida de la mujer, y a su vez comprende varias dimensiones. Dos de ellas son el trabajo doméstico no remunerado (TDNR) e invisibilizado, y el trabajo productivo remunerado (TPR) fuera dela casa. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender cómo es la percepción de salud en la mujer actual de clase media urbana con doble jornada laboral y cómo ella jerarquiza su TPR. Métodos. Investigación con enfoque cualitativo realizada en un hospital privado universitario de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, mediante entrevistas individuales a mujeres adultas y alfabetas de 30 a 60 años de edad, seleccionadas a través del método de bola de nieve a partir de sus médicos de cabecera. Se utilizaron fichas demográficas estructuradas y entrevistas en profundidad. Se registraron datos personales y prácticas médicas realizadas en los últimos años. Se realizó un análisis de contenido. Resultados. Entrevistamos a 47 mujeres, la mayoría con hijos y la mitad, a cargo de las tareas domésticas en su hogar. Ninguna de ellas reconoció la tarea doméstica (TDNR) como trabajo, 76 % refirió no realizar controles habituales de salud,aunque más del 90 % hizo las prácticas preventivas recomendadas para su edad. Las mujeres entrevistadas expresaron diferentes significados atribuidos por ellas al TPR como independencia, desarrollo personal, mejoría en autoestima, calidad de vida, y sociabilidad. Sin embargo, ante su ausencia en el hogar se mostraron ambivalentes y con sentimientos de culpabilidad. Conclusiones. Este estudio permite reconocer que las mujeres con trabajo TDNR y TPR valoran positivamente a este último, pero se cuestionan que éste les quite tiempo a su participación en el ámbito familiar. Esto resulta en una mayor autoexigencia y perpetúa la invisibilidad del TDNR. En relación al autocuidado, sienten que no realizan sus cuidados médicos, pero tienen buenos indicadores de prácticas preventivas. Quizás sea necesario propiciar la reflexión acerca del rol que tiene el TPR en su bienestar. (AU)

Introduction. Work occupies a key place in the life of women, and in turn, comprises several dimensions. Two of them are unpaid domestic work (UDW) and paid productive work (PPW) outside the home. The objective of this research was to understand how the perception of health is in the current urban middle-class woman with a double working day and how she prioritizes her PPW. Methods. Research with a qualitative approach carried out in a private university hospital in the City of Buenos Aires, through individual interviews with adult and literates women aged 30 to 60, selected through the snowball method from their general practitioners. Structured demographics and in-depth interviews were used. Personal data and medical practices carried out in recent years were recorded. A content analysis was performed. Results. We interviewed 47 women, the majority with children and half of them, in charge of housework in their home. None of them recognized housework (UDW) as work, 76 % reported not doing regular health checks, although more than 90 % did the recommended preventive practices for their age. The women interviewed expressed different meanings attributed bythem to the PPW such as independence, personal development, improvement in self-esteem, quality of life, and sociability. However, in their absence at home, they were ambivalent and guilty. Conclusions. This study allows us to recognize that women with UDW and PPW value the latter positively, but question whether it takes time away from their participation in the family environment. This results in increased self-demand and perpetuates the invisibility of the UDW. In relation to self-care, they feel that they do not perform their medical care, buthave good indicators of preventive practices. It may be necessary to encourage reflection on the role of the PPW in theirwell-being. (AU)

Integralidade à saúde da mulher e psicologia: análise da produção científica brasileira / Integrality of women’s health and psychology: an analysis on Brazilian scientific production

Este texto analisa a produção científica sobre a Integralidade no Brasil, enfatizando especialmente o papel da Psicologia na construção dessa perspectiva de entendimento dos processos de cuidado na saúde/doença no Brasil. Para isso realizou-se uma busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados eletrônicas PEPSIC e Scielo, entre os meses de março e abril de 2010. Utilizou-se o descritor “integralidade” como motor de busca e, dentro dos artigos encontrados, analisaram-se com especial atenção as associações entre integralidade e saúde da mulher. Para esclarecer a panorâmica da produção na área, foram analisadas cinco categorias nos textos: tipo de artigo, tipo e nome das revistas, formação dos autores e autoras, ano de publicação e população da pesquisa. Os resultados encontrados apontam que os psicólogos/as estão produzindo menos que os/as demais profissionais da área da saúde e que a Integralidade proposta, enquanto marco norteador da atenção à saúde da mulher, ainda é insipiente na práxis psicológica.

The present text performed an analysis on the scientific production about Integrality in Brazil, especially on the role of psychology in constructing this scope of understanding the health/ disease process on the referred country. Bibliographic research was made on the electronic databases of PEPSIC and Scielo, between March and April 2010. The key word used in search engines was“Integralidade” (integrality) and within the articles found the associations about women’s health and the relation with “integralidade” were especially analyzed. Five categories were elected to elucidate the production in the area: type of article, type and name of journal, authors’ background and year of publication and number of people sampled in the study. Results found point that psychologists are producing less than other health professionals and integrality, as main driver for women’s healthcare work is not yet consolidated.