Magnitude da qualidade de vida relacionada ao trabalho entre profissionais atuantes em unidades de urgência e emergência / Magnitude of work-related quality of life among professionals working in urgency and emergency units / Magnitud de la calidad de vida relacionada con el trabajo entre profesionales que trabajan en unidades de urgencia y emergencia

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a qualidade de vida dos profissionais de saúde nas emergências no município de Vitoria de Santo Antão ­ PE. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa do tipo survey. Foi realizado com 70 profissionais de saúde (médicos, enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem), aplicando os questionários: epidemiológico direcionado ao trabalho, QAFH (questionário de atividade física habitual) e QWLQ-bref (Quality of Working Life Questionnaire ­ Bref). Na análise foram empregadas técnicas estatísticas descritivas e multivariadas. A prevalência de 21,4% (IC95%: 13,4 ­ 32,4) de profissionais não satisfeitos com a qualidade de vida no trabalho. As medianas nos domínios pessoal, profissional e QVT total do QWLQ-bref foram mais elevadas entre os médicos (p < 0,05). O alto índice de funcionários não satisfeitos no emprego impõe a adoção de estratégias visando à melhoria na qualidade de vida e no trabalho.

The objective of this study was to investigate the quality of life of health professionals in emergencies in the city of Vitoria de Santo Antão - PE. This is a cross- sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach of the survey type. It was carried out with 70 health professionals (doctors, nurses and nursing technicians), applying the questionnaires: epidemiological work-oriented, QAFH (habitual physical activity questionnaire) and QWLQ-bref (Quality of Working Life Questionnaire ­ Bref). In the analysis, descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques were used. The prevalence of 21.4% (95%CI: 13.4 ­ 32.4) of professionals not satisfied with the quality of life at work. The medians in the personal, professional and total QWL domains of the QWLQ-bref were higher among physicians (p < 0.05). The high rate of dissatisfied employees at work requires the adoption of strategies aimed at improving quality of life and work.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la calidad de vida de los profesionales de la salud en emergencias en la ciudad de Vitoria de Santo Antão - PE. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal con enfoque cuantitativo del tipo survey. Se realizó con 70 profesionales de la salud (médicos, enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería), aplicándose los cuestionarios: epidemiológico orientado al trabajo, QAFH (cuestionario de actividad física habitual) y QWLQ-bref (Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida Laboral ­ Bref). En el análisis se utilizaron técnicas estadísticas descriptivas y multivariadas. Prevalencia del 21,4% (IC95%: 13,4 ­ 32,4) de profesionales insatisfechos con la calidad de vida en el trabajo. Las medianas en los dominios de CVL personal, profesional y total del QWLQ-bref fueron mayores entre los médicos (p < 0,05). El alto índice de empleados insatisfechos en el trabajo exige la adopción de estrategias encaminadas a mejorar la calidad de vida y de trabajo.

Distúrbio de voz e qualidade de vida em professores: um estudo caso-controle / Voice disorder and quality of life in teachers: a case-control / Trastorno de la voz y calidad de vida en docentes: un estudio de casos y controles

Introdução: percepção do indivíduo sobre sua voz e impactos no cotidiano tem sido objeto de estudos que buscam a relação entre qualidade de vida e bem-estar. Objetivo: analisar a relação entre qualidade de vida e presença de distúrbio de voz em docentes da rede municipal de São Paulo. Método: estudo do tipo caso-controle, pareado por escola, com 272 professoras da rede municipal de ensino de São Paulo (167 casos e 105 controles), responderam questionários Condição de Produção Vocal-Professor e World Health Organization Quality of Life/bref, avaliados fonoaudiológica e otorrinolaringológicamente. Foi realizado teste de associação de Qui-quadrado para análise entre a presença de distúrbio de voz e os domínios do WHOQOL/bref. e modelos de regressão logística para calcular a Razão de Chances bruta e ajustada para avaliar riscos em relação às variáveis independentes de interesse. Resultados: os grupos mostraram-se semelhantes quanto a dados sociodemográficos, situação funcional, ambiente e organização de trabalho, e diferentes na autorreferencia a sintomas vocais, confirmando a natureza de estudo caso-controle. Na análise descritiva de cada um dos domínios do WHOQOL/bref, o referente ao meio ambiente apresentou pior média, seguido pelo físico, psicológico e relações sociais. O domínio físico apresentou significância estatística se comparado aos outros domínios, seguido pelo psicológico e do meio ambiente. Não houve diferença significativa sobre as relações sociais. Conclusão: houve associação entre presença de distúrbio de voz e comprometimento do domínio físico da qualidade de vida, havendo um aumento de chances de quase três vezes de quem tem distúrbio vocal apresentar baixos escores no referido domínio.

Introduction: the individual's perception of their voice and impacts on their daily lives has been the object of studies that seek the relationship between quality of life and well-being. Objective: to analyze the relationship between quality of life and the presence of voice disorder in teachers from the municipal network of São Paulo. Method: case-control study, paired by school, with 272 teachers from the municipal education network of São Paulo (167 cases and 105 controls) using questionnaires Vocal Production Condition-Teacher, World Health Organization Quality of Life/bref, speech therapy and otorhinolaryngological assessment, test of Chi-square association, logistic regression models to calculate the crude and adjusted Odds Ratio to assess risks in relation to the independent variables of interest. Results: the groups were similar in terms of sociodemographic data, functional situation, work environment and organization, and different in terms of self-reference to vocal symptoms, confirming the nature of a case-control study. In the descriptive analysis of each of the WHOQOL/bref domains, the one referring to the environment had the worst average, followed by the physical, psychological and social relationships. The physical domain was statistically significant when compared to the other domains, followed by the psychological and environmental domains. There was no significant difference on social relationships. Conclusion: there was an association between the presence of voice disorder and impairment of the physical domain of quality of life, with an increase of almost three times the chances of those who have voice disorder to have low scores in that domain.

Introducción: la percepción que tiene el individuo de su voz y los impactos en su vida diaria ha sido objeto de estudios que buscan la relación entre calidad de vida y bienestar. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la calidad de vida y la presencia de trastorno de la voz en docentes de la red municipal de São Paulo. Método: estudio de casos y controles, pareado por colegio, con 272 docentes de la red de educación municipal de São Paulo (167 casos y 105 controles), respondieron los cuestionarios Condición de Producción Vocal-Docente y Calidad de Vida de la Organización Mundial de la Salud / bref y evaluaron logopedia y otorrinolaringología. El análisis estadístico incluyó la prueba de asociación de chi-cuadrado y modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: en los grupos, similitudes en cuanto a datos sociodemográficos, situación funcional, ambiente, organización del trabajo y diferencias en la autorreferencia a los síntomas vocales, confirmando la naturaleza de un estudio de casos y controles. En el análisis descriptivo de los dominios WHOQOL / bref, el medio ambiente tuvo el peor promedio, seguido de las relaciones físicas, psicológicas y sociales. Para el dominio físico, significación estadística en comparación con los otros dominios, seguido de psicológico y ambiental. En las relaciones sociales, no hubo diferencia significativa. Conclusión: hubo asociación entre la presencia de trastorno de la voz y el deterioro del dominio físico de la calidad de vida, con un aumento de casi tres veces las posibilidades de que quienes tienen trastorno de la voz tengan puntuaciones bajas.

Vocational Status of Occupational Therapists in Five Countries / 中国康复理论与实践

After retrieving the databases, as well as the official websites of institutes and administrations of occupational therapists, the qualifications, working conditions and career development in different countries, such as the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and England, were collected and analyzed, which may provide reference frame for the development of the profession in China.

The role of customer service manual on workplace emotional burden in nationwide cross sectional study

BACKGROUND: We aim to discuss the overall effect of customer service manual (CSM) on service industry workers using Korean Working Condition Survey. METHODS: Out of 50,007 total survey participants, 11,946 customer service workers were included in the current study (5613 men, 6333 women). Answers to survey questions were used to define the use of CSM, emotional burden, emotional dissonance, engaging angry customers and other covariates. Emotional burden included either depressive event or stress level. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of experiencing emotional burden was calculated by logistic regression model. Interaction effect between CSM and engaging angry customer on emotional burden was also estimated. RESULTS: Out of 11,946 subjects, total of 3279 (27.4%) have experienced emotional burden. OR (95% CI) of experiencing emotional burden was 1.40 (1.19–1.64) in men and 1.25 (1.09–1.44) in women. There was gender difference in interaction effect between the use of CSM and engaging angry customers. In men, OR (95% CI) was 3.16 (1.38–7.23) with additive effect when always engaging angry customers with CSM compared to rarely engaging without CSM, while in women OR (95% CI) was 8.85 (3.96–19.75) with synergistic effect. Moreover, the risk of depressive event increased only in women with OR (95% CI) 2.22 (1.42–3.48). CONCLUSIONS: Our current study highlighted association between emotional burden and CSM in both men and women service workers. Furthermore, women were affected more severely by CSM. The results from current study suggest that CSM should be changed appropriately to benefit workers.

The association between dependent self-employment and self-reported depression/anxiety and sleep disorder in South Korea

BACKGROUND: Dependent self-employment is precarious employment, which can be vulnerable to mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the association of dependent self-employment with depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder in South Korea. METHODS: This study used data from the Fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey and included 32,691 paid workers. Dependent self-employment and self-reported depression/anxiety, and sleep disorder were investigated using a questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between dependent self-employment and mental health problems. RESULTS: Of the 32,691 paid workers, 2,371 (7.3%) were dependent self-employed workers. The odds ratio (OR) of dependent self-employment for self-reported depression/anxiety was 1.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–2.45) and the OR of dependent self-employment for self-reported sleep disorder was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.01–1.59) compared to other paid workers. CONCLUSIONS: Dependent self-employment is related to an increased risk of self-reported depression/anxiety and sleep disorder in South Korea.

The Effects of Workplace Rest Breaks on Health Problems Related to Long Working Hours and Shift Work among Male Apartment Janitors in Korea

BACKGROUND: Rest breaks at work are reported to reduce fatigue and job stress. Apartment janitors in Korea who perform night shift work and work long hours can be exposed to various health problems (HPs). However, few studies have evaluated relationships between their rest breaks and HPs. This study was conducted to examine the relationships between long working hours, shift work, and insufficient rest breaks and HPs among Korean apartment janitors.METHODS: Data on 1,212 selected male apartment janitors were obtained from the 3rd and 4th Korean Working Conditions Surveys. Demographic and occupational characteristics were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Rest breaks at work were classified as “sufficient” or “insufficient.” Long working hours were considered as working more than 60 hours per week. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression was performed to investigate the effects of shift work and long working hours on HPs and the effects of rest breaks on relationships between HPs and long working hours and shift work.RESULTS: Among those with insufficient rest breaks at work, significant associations were found between long working hours and the risk of HPs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.489; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.038–2.136] and work-related HPs (WRHPs) [OR 1.621; 95% CI = 1.156–2.272], and between shift work and HPs [OR = 1.603; 95% CI = 1.084–2.372]. These relationships became nonsignificant when sufficient rest breaks were provided.CONCLUSION: It is important to provide breaks at work to reduce HPs because of long working hours and shift work among aged workers such as apartment janitors.

Occupational Condition of Physiotherapists in Seven Countries / 中国康复理论与实践

@#After retrieving the databases, as well as the official websites of institutes and administrations of physiotherapists, the qualifications, working conditions and career development in different countries, such as United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, England, Ireland and South Africa, were investigated and analyzed, which may give some implication for the improvement of physiotherapists system in China.

Effect of teacher's working conditions on voice disorder in Korea: a nationwide survey

BACKGROUND: Korean teacher’s working conditions are deteriorating. There is concern about the deterioration of teachers’ health and voice disorder is one of the most common problems. Teacher’s vocal health is important for them and their students. The aim of the present study was to investigate working conditions that may affect voice disorders. METHODS: In all, 79 primary and secondary schools were randomly selected for a nationwide school system survey (N = 3345). In 64 schools, 1617 (48.3%) teachers participated via a postal self-report questionnaire from June 2016 to August 2016. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, data from 1301 teachers’ were used for analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between general, work-related factors, and frequent voice disorders (fVDs) to estimate the adjusted odds ratio(aOR). RESULTS: Teachers who reported voice symptoms more than once a week (fVD) made up 11.6%. In a multiple logistic regression, fVD was significantly associated with female, difficulty in applying for sick leave as needed, music teachers (primary school), and less than 6 h of sleep per day (primary school). The aOR for fVD was 2.72 (0.83–8.10) in the longest working hours group (> 52 h/wk) among the primary school teachers, and 1.90 (0.80–4.73) in the longest class hour group (≥ 20 h/wk), 1.52 (0.90–2.62) in homeroom teachers among the secondary school teachers, but not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Korean teachers’ working conditions are associated with fVDs. The school health system must take steps to prevent and treat voice disorders of teachers.

The Effects of Working Conditions and Job Satisfaction on the Mental Health and Presenteeism of Early Childhood Teachers / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the mental health and presenteeism of early childhood teachers and to explore the effects of working conditions and job satisfaction on these. METHODS: Data from the 4thKorean Work Environment Survey were used. The sample consisted of 474 female early-childhood teachers from private facilities. Mental health was measured using the WHO-Wellbeing Index. Presenteeism was attributed to a participant upon indication that, during the past 12 months, she had ever attended work, despite being sick. The data by complex sample design were analyzed through the Rao-Scott χ2 test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: 37.9% of early childhood teachers reported poor mental health and 34.2% had experienced presenteeism. Early childhood teachers in permanent employment, who did not work evening shifts, and with sustainable jobs, were more likely to have better mental health. Moreover, those in permanent employment and remunerated appropriately were less likely to experience presenteeism. CONCLUSION: Type of employment, number of days working in the evening, and job sustainability affect mental health. Further, type of employment, number of workers, and being well paid have an effect on presenteeism. We suggest that improved working conditions should precede the improvement of early-childhood teachers' mental health.

Effects of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence on Physical and Mental Health Outcomes among Female Workers: The 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of emotional labor and workplace violence on various physical and mental health outcomes among female workers. METHODS: We obtained data from 24,760 female workers who participated in the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships. RESULTS: Female emotional workers were more exposed to workplace violence than were female non-emotional workers. Verbal abuse was the most common type of workplace violence. Logistic regression analyses revealed that (1) emotional labor was significantly associated with higher odds of having musculoskeletal or abdominal pain (physical health outcomes), along with overall fatigue (a mental health outcome), and (2) workplace violence experiences were significantly associated with higher odds of musculoskeletal pain, headache/eye strain, abdominal pain, depression/anxiety disorder, overall fatigue, and insomnia/sleep disturbance, after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that both emotional labor and workplace violence have negative effects on physical and mental health. However, workplace violence experience has a stronger negative impact on health outcomes than does emotional labor alone. A management system to eradicate workplace violence and programs aimed at managing emotional labor are urgently needed at the organizational level.

A Comparison between the Second Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) and the First KWCS

BACKGROUND: The study was designed to assess the changes in working conditions through a comparative analysis of the characteristics of working conditions in 2006 and 2010. METHODS: We performed a comparative analysis of the data related to the first Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) and the second KWCS in the categories of demographic characteristics, quality of labor, exposure to hazards, and health problems. RESULTS: From our analysis of the demographic characteristics, we saw an increase in labor force participation rate of women and elderly people. As a result of the investigation with regards to working hours, the ratio of employees who worked for > or = 49 hours per week was decreased and the ratio of employees who worked for > or = 40 h/wk increased. As for exposure to hazards, exposure to tobacco smoke notably decreased in 2010 compared with 2006. With regards to health problems, there was a sharp increase in the number of people who complained of muscle pain in their arms and legs. CONCLUSION: KWCS data included many aspects of working conditions as a nationwide sample. In addition, because this is a periodic nationwide survey, the labor force, working hours, harmful factor exposure, and the change in health problems characteristics according to the flow of time could be investigated. The information comparing the main results of the first survey conducted in 2006 and the second survey conducted in 2010 obtained through this study can be used as an important base material for the establishment of the national policy.

The relationship between working condition factors and well-being

OBJECTIVES: Working conditions can exert influence on the physical, mental, and even social health of workers. Well-being is an appropriate index for the evaluation of a person's overall health. This paper investigated the association between various working conditions and worker's well-being. METHODS: Data from 10,019 interviews were collected from the second wave of the Korean Working Conditions Survey (2010) conducted by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency between June and October 2010. The data from 5,995 employed workers were examined in this study. Well-being was measured through the WHO Five Well-Being Index (1998 version). Sociodemographic and working conditions were analyzed. Adjusted odds ratios for well-being were calculated with adjusted sociodemographic factors, working condition factors, or both. RESULTS: Workers' well-being was significantly higher when they were satisfied with their working conditions (OR = 1.656, 95% CI = 1.454-1.885), when their actual working hours were the same as their anticipated working hours (OR = 1.366, 95% CI: 1.120-1.666) or exceeding less than 10 hours (OR = 1.245, 95% CI: 1.004-1.543), and when their employment was stable (OR = 1.269, 95% CI: 1.098-1.467). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the association between working condition factors and well-being in workers.

Seguridad y salud laboral en las empresas / Occupational health and safety in business companies / Saúde e segurança no negócio

Este artículo busca analizar algunos referentes conceptuales sobre riesgos laborales, accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades laborales. Se realizó una búsqueda, selección y revisión de la literatura, documentos electrónicos y textos relacionados con el tema en mención. En general las áreas de trabajo no cuentan con los elementos para garantizar las condiciones de trabajo seguro, aun cuando la normatividad legal vigente le exige al empleador "proporcionar y mantener un ambiente de trabajo en adecuadas condiciones de higiene y seguridad, establecer métodos de trabajo con el mínimo de riesgos para la salud dentro de los procesos de producción" (1).

This paper analyzes some conceptual references about labor risks, accidents and occupational diseases. A search was conducted, selection and literature review, electronic documents and texts related to the topic. In general work areas do not have the elements to guarantee safe working conditions, even if the current legal regulations requires the employer "provide and maintain a working environment, suitable conditions health and safety, establish working methods with minimal health risks within the production process (1).

Este artigo analisa algumas referências conceituais sobre riscos ocupacionais, acidentes e doenças ocupacionais. A pesquisa foi conduzida, seleção e revisão de literatura, documentos eletrônicos e textos relacionados ao tema referências. Em geral as áreas de trabalho não tem os elementos para garantir condições de trabalho seguras, mesmo que os regulamentos legais em vigor exige a empregador "fornecer e manter um ambiente de trabalho condições adequadas saúde e segurança, estabelecer métodos de trabalho com riscos mínimos de saúdeno processo de produção"(1).

Calidad de vida en el trabajo y condiciones de trabajo, en auxiliares de esterilización / Quality of life at work and working conditions in auxiliary sterilization

Evaluar el conjunto de factores relativos a las condiciones del trabajo que pueden tener repercusiones sobre la salud y la calidad de vida en el trabajo de las auxiliares de esterilización. Se realizó un estudio transversal y analítico, se aplicó el instrumento CVT-GOHISALO (Instrumento para evaluar calidad de vida en el trabajo), el cual mide calidad de vida en el trabajo y el método LEST (Laboratoire de Economie et Sociologie du Travail) de evaluación global ergonómica de las condiciones de trabajo; para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS 18 y el software online para ergonomía del trabajo de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. En la dimensión soporte institucional para el trabajo, las auxiliares de esterilización no visualizan oportunidades de progreso en el puesto o función que desempeñan; en la dimensión seguridad en el trabajo, sienten injusticias en las oportunidades de ascenso al interior de la institución; en la dimensión integración al puesto de trabajo, están motivadas para superar retos y muy dispuestas a ser líderes; en la dimensión satisfacción por el trabajo, suelen ser comprometidas con la misión de la institución; en la dimensión del bienestar logrado a través del trabajo, perciben riesgo en la salud física y mental; en la dimensión de desarrollo personal, son optimistas y de trato amable; en la dimensión administración de tiempo libre, cumplen plenamente con su horario y las tareas encomendadas sin menoscabo de sus compromisos personales y sociales. La condición de trabajo en cuanto a postura, manipulación de equipo quirúrgico y herramientas presenta riesgo inminente de fatiga. Las auxiliares de esterilización muestran una serie de percepciones subjetivas que reflejan una realidad de su medio laboral, que deberían inducir a la jefatura en la toma de decisiones en pro de mejorar los procesos de trabajo y de esta manera disminuir los factores de riesgos que se evidencian en este estudio, los cuales podrían producir enfermedades físicas y mentales si no se corrigen a tiempo.

Assessing all the factors relating to working conditions that may impact on health and quality of life at sterilization assistant work. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out, the CVT-GOHISALO instrument, which measures quality of life at work and ergonomic method LEST overall assessment of working conditions was applied, for data analysis statistical program was used SPSS 18 software for online and work ergonomics of the Polytechnic University of Valencia. In the institutional support for work dimension, sterilization assistants displayed no opportunities for advancement on the job or role, in the security dimension at work, feel injustice in promotion opportunities within the institution, in the dimension integration into the workplace, are motivated to overcome challenges and very willing to be leaders, in dimension job satisfaction tend to be committed to the mission of the institution, in the dimension of being achieved through the work, perceived risk physical and mental health in the size of personal development, are optimistic and friendly service, in the dimension of time management, fully comply with your schedule and the tasks without compromising their personal and social commitments. The working conditions in terms of posture, and manipulating surgical tools and equipment present imminent risk of fatigue. Sterilization assistants show a series of subjective perceptions that reflect the reality of their work environment, which should lead to the leadership in decision making towards improving work processes and thus reduce the risk factors that are evident in this study, which could result in physical and mental illness if not corrected in time.

Study of working profile of child labourers in urban slum areas of Rajkot city.

Background: Detail statistics on various aspects of working profile of child labourers is of key significance for research, policy, planning and implementation of program for elimination of child labour. Aims & Objective: To study working profile of child labourers. Material and Methods: This was Cross sectional done which included 30 slum areas of Rajkot city. 372 child labourers were taken by cluster methodology from May 2005 to July 2005. Data were collected using a pretested semi structured questionnaire from each child labourer during house-to-house visit. Statistical analysis was done by Z test and Chi – square test. Results: 58.6% were working for more than 6 hours in a day. 16.1% did not get rest during work and 11.6% not received weekly holiday. 8.3% child labourers were not paid. Mean monthly income of child labourers is 689.15 ± 299.73. 25.3% stated that they were exposed to sun or rain during work. 78.2% stated that there was no toilet facility and 94.3% stated that no medical care facility at work place. Conclusion: Majority of female child labourers engaged in Household work and male child labourers engaged in manufacturing sector. Working hours and monthly income of child labourers increases with the age. There were poor facilities at work place.

Investigation of working situation of community nurses and care needs of the residents in a prefecture-level city / 现代临床护理

Objective To survey the working situation of community nurses and care needs of the residents in a prefecture-level city.Method One hundred and thirty-five community nurses and 338 residents were selected and investigated by self-designed questionnaire.Results Community nurses still focused on the area of nursing and treatment rather than prevention,rehabilitation, health care,health education and family planning,which need to be paid more attention to.The needs of residents on community nursing service shift from disease treatment to disease prevention and health promotion.The current community nursing service cannot satisfy residents’care needs.Conclusion Community nurses should provide demand-oriented community care to the residents, strengthen the concept of disease prevention and health promotion,and set up community health centers to be a blend of prevention, health care,rehabilitation,health education and family planning as soon as possible.

A theory–based trial for improving both economic growth and medical education in a university hospital / 医学教育

1）We instituted the “CHANGE Nagasaki University Hospital” project to improve both management and medical education and to boost the number of physicians recruited to this hospital.<br>2）We first identified the physicians’ problems and complaints via a questionnaire. Next, focusing on the most common complaints, we reduced secondary duties and methodically improved the educational environment by employing the a– b–c–d–strategy, which is based on the principles of medical education.<br>3）As a result, both, the hospital’s economic growth and the recruitment figures for resident physicians have increased continuously over the past 4 years.

Long Working Hours and Emotional Well-Being in Korean Manufacturing Industry Employees

OBJECTIVES: Korea is well known for its long work hours amongst employees. Because workers of the manufacturing industry are constantly exposed to extended work hours, this study was based on how long work hours affect their emotional well-being. METHODS: The analysis was done using the secondary Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS). Long work hours were defined to be more than 48 hours, and they were subcategorized into units of 52 hours and 60 hours. Based on the WHO (five) well-being index, emotional state was subdivided into three groups - reference group, low-mood group, and possible depression group- where 28 points and 50 points were division points, and two groups were compared at a time. Association between long work hours and emotional state was analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Working for extended working hours in the manufacturing industry showed a statistically significant increase (t test p < 0.001) in trend among the possible depression group when compared to the reference group and the low-mood group. When demographical characteristics, health behaviors, socioeconomic state, and work-related characteristics were fixed as controlled variables, as work hours increased the odds ratio of the possible depression group increased compared to the reference group, and especially the odds ratio was 2.73 times increased for work hours between 48-52 and 4.09 times increased for 60 hours or more and both were statistically significant. In comparing the low-mood group and possible depression group, as work hours increased the odds ratio increased to 1.73, 2.39, and 4.16 times, and all work hours from working 48-52 hours, 53-60 hours, and 60 hours or more were statistically significant. Multinomial logistic regression analysis also showed that among the reference group and possible group, the possible depression group was statistically significant as odds ratio increased to 2.94 times in working 53-60 hours, and 4.35 times in 60 hours or more. CONCLUSIONS: Long work hours have an adverse effect on emotional well-being. A more diversified research towards variables that affect long work hours and emotional well-being and how they interact with each other and their relationship to overall health is imperative.

Condições e organização do trabalho das equipes do SAMU/RMF: riscos e agravos daqueles que trabalham contra o tempo / Conditions and work organization of SAMU / RMF teams: risks and harms of those working against time

INTRODUÇÃO: A escolha de estudar sobre a organização e as condições de trabalho dos trabalhadores do SAMU da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza (SAMU/RMF) se deu em função da dificuldade de acesso a informações que tratem dessa realidade. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar as condições e organização do trabalho dos profissionais integrantes das unidades móveis do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza ­ SAMU/RMF. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Utilizou-se metodologia de natureza qualitativa a partir da entrevista semiestruturada e da observação, além de pesquisa bibliográfico-documental, o que possibilitou análise mais aprofundada e articulada das informações coletadas no campo. RESULTADOS: A organização do trabalho encontrada é precária, principalmente pela natureza do vínculo empregatício estabelecido entre os trabalhadores do SAMU/RMF e a administração no qual um contingente significativo dos entrevistados é terceirizado. Outros aspectos que comprometem a organização do trabalho se voltam para a integração entre os componentes da Rede de Atenção às Urgências, bem como os próprios integrantes das equipes das unidades móveis tipo USA e USB. Há também que se mencionar que o parâmetro utilizado para a avaliação das equipes se sustenta no binômio "tempo-resposta" é incompatível com a realidade dos trabalhadores do SAMU/RMF, o que lhes causa grande insatisfação, dada a falta de manutenção periódica das unidades móveis, longas distâncias geográficas a serem percorridas até as unidades de saúde destino e a péssima conservação das rodovias. A condição do trabalho tem como aspecto positivo a provisão dos insumos utilizados nos atendimentos e dispostos nas unidades móveis, abastecidas pela área da dispensação. Todavia, há aspectos que dificultam o trabalho no que se refere às suas condições, tais como: o comprometimento da funcionalidade plena de algumas unidades móveis por falta de manutenção, o que expõe equipes e pacientes a diversos riscos; estrutura física de algumas bases descentralizadas inadequadas para oferecer o necessário repouso aos grupos de trabalho. Há também dificuldades da administração em perceber ou receber como adoecimento ou agravo à saúde sintomas de pânico, choro, angústia, encaminhando tais casos, quando manifestados, ao Núcleo de Treinamento em Urgência ­ NEU, por serem interpretados como falta de treinamento ou mesmo não adaptação ao posto de trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: No contexto deste estudo constatou-se que a precariedade leva a um comprometimento de toda a Rede de Atenção às Urgências ­ RAU, fragilizando todos aqueles que a compõem, levando à precarização do trabalho e consequente adoecimento do trabalhador.

INTRODUCTION: The choice of studying the organization and working conditions of SAMU workers in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza (SAMU / RMF) was due to the difficulty of accessing information that addresses this reality. OBJECTIVE: The present study has its objective on the investingation of the conditions and work organization of professional members of the mobile units of the SAMU of the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza called SAMU/RMF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The methodology used was qualitative from the semistructured interview and observation as well as bibliographic and documental which allows further analysis and articulate the information collected in the field. RESULTS: The profile of workers who participated in the study mostly consisted of male gender, married, with an average time working in healthcare for around 13 years and at SAMU/RMF for 03 years. It was raised that most respondents members of the mobile units have a second labor activity. The work organization found is precarious mainly by the nature of the employment relationship established between workers from SAMU/RMF and the administration represented by SAMU/Polo I/EC in which a significant proportion of respondents is outsourced. Other aspects that affect the organization turn to the integration between the components of the Emergency Care Network as well as members of their own staff of mobile units types USA and USB and the components of the Central Regulatory. We must also mention that the parameter used for the evaluation of staffs is based on the response time binomial and it is incompatible with the reality of workers SAMU/RMF what causes them great dissatisfaction given the lack of periodic maintenance of mobile units and geographical distances to be traveled by the target health facilities and also the poor maintenance of the highways. The positive condition of the work is the health inputs provision used in the care and placed in the mobile units and fueled by the dispensing area. Although there are aspects that hinder the work with regard to their conditions which are the commitment of the full functionality of some mobile units for lack of maintenance that exposes staff and patients to various risks. Physical structure of some decentralized bases are inadequated to provide the necessary rest to the working groups. The uniforms are uncomfortably hot and they are spread in insufficient numbers for replacement. There are also difficulties for the administration to receive notices such as illness or health problem symptoms of panic,crying, anxiety, forwarding such cases when expressed to Core Training Urgency called in Portuguese as NEU. It has being interpreted as a lack of training or even no adaptation the job as the worker away in the latter case assumes other responsibilities then his previosly routine. In the context of this study it was found that job insecurity leads to compromise the entire network for Attention to Emergencies called RAU. CONCLUSION: It has been weakening those who compose it also favoring practices that continually require the worker adequate answers to complex situations that are not faced with reality parameters which ends to weakening people and keeping them in precarious situations which leads them to the casualization of labor and consequently to illness.

Risk Factors for Absenteeism due to Work related Musculo-skeletal Disorders among Korean Employees / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: Absenteeism due to musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs) of workers is an important index of occupational health. Since research on its causes is rare in Korea, the risk factors for absenteeism due to MSDs should be studied. METHODS: Using the 2nd Korean working condition survey data, we investigated the prevalence of absenteeism due to MSDs. We also analyzed the risk factors for absenteeism by multiple logistic regression analysis in Korean employees. RESULTS: Prevalence of absenteeism due to MSDs was 0.7% in all employees, 0.5% in men, and 0.9% in women. In logistic regression analysis, gender, age, presence of a representative worker organization, working on tight deadlines, and pace of work dependent on automated equipment/machine were risk factors of absenteeism due to MSDs for both sexes. For males, working time, working at a very high speed were additional risk factors. For females, pace of work dependent on numerical production, performance, and targets were additional risk factors. Although not included in the multiple logistic regression analysis, handling heavy loads in both sexes and average monthly income for women were risk factors in the univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: For absenteeism due to MSDs, the presence of a representative worker organization, along with work pace and its determinants were important risk factors.