Representaciones sociales de salud, enfermedad y cuidado cultural en músicos tradicionales / Social Representations about Health, Disease and Cultural Care in Traditional Musicians

Introducción: Se abordó el estudio de las representaciones sociales para explorar las concepciones que los músicos tienen sobre salud, enfermedad y cuidado, y la manera en que la relacionan con su práctica musical. Objetivo: Comprender las representaciones sociales de la salud, enfermedad y cuidado cultural de músicos tradicionales. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, fundamentado en el método etnográfico, que combinó observación no participante con entrevista semiestructurada realizada a 15 músicos tradicionales en la ciudad de Santa Marta, Colombia, durante los años 2015 y 2016. Resultados: Las representaciones sociales de los músicos tradicionales permiten generar una aproximación a la manera en que piensan su salud en relación con la práctica musical y su contexto. La conciencia que los músicos tienen de ello reveló que elementos como el trabajo nocturno, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y situaciones derivadas de la ejecución musical, generan alteraciones de su salud. Se encontró también que desarrollan estrategias de cuidado relacionadas con una actitud preventiva y curativa basada en métodos tradicionales. Conclusiones: Las representaciones sociales constituyen un recurso base para comprender la relación entre la dinámica cultural y los procesos de salud-enfermedad. El contraste con la literatura disponible reveló que a pesar de constituir modalidades y contextos diferentes, existe la posibilidad de encontrar alteraciones similares que puedan afectar la salud de estas personas(AU)

Introduction: The study of social representations was undertaken to explore the conceptions that musicians have about health, illness and care, and the way they relate such aspects to their musical practice. Objective: To understand the social representations of health, illness and cultural care of traditional musicians. Methods: Descriptive, qualitative study, based on the ethnographic method, which combined non-participant observation with a semi-structured interview conducted on 15 traditional musicians in the city of Santa Marta, Colombia, during the years 2015 and 2016. Results: The social representations of traditional musicians allow to generate an approach to how they think about their health in relation to the musical practice and their context. The awareness that musicians have of it revealed that elements such as night work, consumption of psychoactive substances and situations derived from the musical performance generate disorder to their health. They were found to develop care strategies associated to a preventive and curative attitude based on traditional methods. Conclusions: Social representations constitute a basic resource to understand the relationship between cultural dynamics and health-disease processes. The contrast with the available scientific literature revealed that, despite constituting different modalities and contexts, there is the possibility of finding similar alterations that may affect the health of these people(AU)

Procedimiento para medir la capacidad resolutiva de los equipos básicos de salud / Measuring procedure for the resolute capability of basic health care teams

Introducción: la capacidad resolutiva constituye una resultante a tomar en cuenta para mejorar el desempeño de las redes integradas de servicios. Objetivo: diseñar un procedimiento metodológico para evaluar la capacidad resolutiva de equipos básicos de salud en el primer nivel de atención. Métodos: investigación de desarrollo en sistemas y servicios de salud realizada entre diciembre 2012 y febrero 2013. Se constituyó un grupo de trabajo en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública considerado experto. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y documental utilizando el modelo Big 6. Se establecieron escalas que pemitieron hacer un análisis de los resultados a obtener. Se contruyó un cuestionario, guía de aplicación y guía para análisis de resultados para su validación en la práctica. Resultados: el instrumento de alcence nacional, puede ser aplicado de forma anual o bianual por el jefe del grupo básico de trabajo y otros, en la modalidad de autoinspección o inspecciones cruzadas. Se examina la evidencia documental recogida en el análisis de la situación de salud, dispensarización e historias clínicas individuales. Se seleccionan 10 historias clínicas al azar, de cada grupo. Debe llenarse por una sola persona entrenada. Se cruzan los aspectos generales y específicos propuestos, lo que permite un análisis en contexto. Conclusiones: la capacidad resolutiva de los equipos básicos de salud se puede medir con herramientas de trabajo propias del primer nivel de atención. El procedimiento diseñado es un aporte a la integración de las redes en ese nivel de atención. Se recomienda validar el procedimiento y su instrumento de medición(AU)

Introduction: the resolute capability is a quality to be taken into account to improve the performance of the integrated service networks. Objective: to design a methodological procedure to evaluate the resolute capability of the basic health teams at the primary health care. Methods: developmental research study of health systems and services conducted from December 2012 through February 2013. An expert working group was created in the National School of Public Health. A literature and documentary review using Big 6 model was made. Some scales were set to analyze the results to be achieved in addition to the preparation of a questionnaire, an implementation guide and also a guide to analyze and to validate the results in practice. Results: the resulting instrument of national scope may be applied annually or biannually by the head of the basic working team and by others in the self-inspection or cross-inspection variants. The documentary evidence collected from the health situation analysis, the patient classification system and the individual medical histories were all examined. Ten medical records were selected from each group. Just one person should be in charge of filling out the model. The submitted general and specific aspects are crossed, so as to allow a contextual analysis. Conclusions: the resolute capability of the basic working health team can be measured with working tools inherent to the primary health care level. The designed procedure contributes to integrate service networks at that level and it is recommended to validate the procedure and its measuring instrument(AU)

El desgaste relacionado con el trabajo desde la perspectiva de los enfermeros de atención pre-hospitalaria / The wear and tear related to work from the pre-hospital care nurses perspective

Se realizó un estudio cualitativo descriptivo, mediante entrevistas con los enfermeros que trabajan en el Servicio de Atención Móvil de Urgencias (SAMU), con vistas a identificar la percepción de estos profesionales sobre el desgaste relacionado con su trabajo. Los datos, analizados a la luz del análisis del discurso, tenían varias unidades de sentido: la naturaleza del servicio, la falta de condiciones de trabajo, estrés físico y emocional y el riesgo a la vida. Para los participantes, el desgaste es inherente a la naturaleza de este servicio, que enfrenta situaciones extremas de la vida y la muerte causando estrés físico y emocional. Estas situaciones tienden a agravarse por las condiciones de trabajo que no contribuyen a mejorar el rendimiento y aumentan el riesgo de accidentes para el trabajador, así como por las excesivas horas de trabajo que se derivan de vínculos laborales múltiples. Hay una naturalización del desgaste en el trabajo como un factor inherente a esta dinámica, lo que incluso puede reducir el potencial de vida de estos profesionales(AU)

A descriptive and qualitative study was conducted be means of interviews with nurses working in the Casualty of Mobile Care Services (CMCS) to identify the perception of these professionals on the wear and tear related to job. Data analyzed by the light of the speech, had some sense units: origin of service, lack of working conditions, physical and emotional stress and risk for life. For the participants, the wear and t ear is inherent in the origin of this service which to face extreme situations of the life and death provoking physical and emotional stress. These situations become severe due to working conditions that not contribute to improve the performance and to increase the risk of accidents for worker, as well as due to excessive working hours derived from multiple labor links. There is a naturalization of wear and tear in work as a factor inherent in this dynamics, which even may to reduce the life potential of these professionals(AU)

Saúde do trabalhador no trabalho hospitalar: metodologias integradas de avaliação de experiências nos espaços de intervenção em hospitais no estado do Rio de Janeiro / Occupational health in hospital work: integrated assessment methodologies of experience in the space of intervention in hospitals in the state of Rio de Janeiro

O campo da saúde do trabalhador, novo paradigma para a assistência integral e promoção da saúde no trabalho, desenvolveu, em suas concepções teóricas, princípios direcionados à equipe de atenção multiprofissional. Intervenções interdisciplinares e abordagens multifacetadas também contemplam as interfaces do mundo do trabalho numa perspectiva intersetorial, com abrangência de negociação e transformação das condições de trabalho pela interlocução e construção coletiva dos trabalhadores. Partindo-se desses princípios, pode-se inferir que as prescrições práticas para os espaços de intervenção e atenção para a saúde do trabalhador no trabalho hospitalar podem ser constituídas, construídas e consolidadas. A pesquisa desenvolvida foi de cunho descritivo, exploratório e qualitativo, com elaboração e aplicação de metodologias integradas de avaliação, no formato de estudos de caso em hospitais públicos do município do Rio de Janeiro de duas instituições de pesquisa, ensino e serviços. Identificamos que as normas do paradigma que antecede ao campo da saúde do trabalhador influenciam e ainda mantêm contornos pautados nas categorias de fatores de riscos e pronto-atendimento para acidentes de trabalho e agravos à saúde. Há carência de integração interdisciplinar e de investigação das condições de trabalho. As práticas em serviços de saúde do trabalhador requerem formulações e prescrições com interdisciplinaridade, metodologias de investigação e métodos de intervenção com projeto e planejamento integrados. Tais ações devem se pautar na construção coletiva e institucional, nas políticas públicas de saúde, trabalho e meio ambiente - e sua essência deve focar a promoção da saúde do trabalhador.

The field of health and work, new paradigm for the comprehensive care and health promotion at work, developed in their theoretical concepts, principles aimed at the multidisciplinary care team. Speakers interdisciplinary and multifaceted approaches also include the interfaces in the world of work in a cross-sectoral perspective, with scope for negotiation andtransformation of working conditions for dialogue and collective construction workers. Based on these principles, we can infer that the practical requirements for areas of intervention and care for the health of the worker in hospitals can be established, built and consolidated. The survey was developed a descriptive, exploratory and qualitative, with development and implementation ofintegrated assessment methodologies, in the form of case studies in public hospitals in Rio de Janeiro two research institutions, education and services. We found that the rules of the paradigmthat precedes the field of health and work and influence still have lined outlines the categories of risk factors and emergency care for accidents and health problems. There is a lack ofinterdisciplinary integration of research and working conditions. Practices in health care worker require formulations and prescriptions with interdisciplinary, investigation methodologies, methods of intervention with design and integrates planning. Such actions must be guided incollective and institutional policies in public health, work and the environment - and its essence should focus on the promotion of workers health.

Relationship between working hours and worker's health

The study was conducted on two groups of air traffic controllers having different working hours (24 hours for 1st group and 6 hours for 2nd group) to evaluate the impact of working hours on controller health. Blood pressure, heart rate, simple reaction time, critical fusion frequency were taken before and after work. Sick building syndrome (SBS) questionnaires were used as well. Results showed that almost physiological parameters taken after work in group 1 were varied significantly versus that before work, while those were not varied in 2nd group. The incidence of SBS was higher dramatically in the group 1st versus group 2nd