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Background: Wound can be defined as disruption of cellular, anatomical, or functional continuity of living tissues. Nicotine causes damage to the epithelial layer of blood vessel and delays wound healing. It plays an important pathogenic role in impaired wound healing. Although in the last millennium, topical use of nicotine has been reported. It promotes collagen synthesis and, in turn, promotes wound healing. The role of topical nicotine on wound healing is controversial. Therefore, it was planned to evaluate and compare wound healing activity of various doses topical nicotine in rats. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of topical nicotine on wound healing in an excision wound model in rats. Materials and Methods: For evaluation of the wound healing effects of the nicotine, excision wound model was used. Nicotine was applied topically in a dose of 1.5 g%, 3.0 g%, and 6.0 g% petroleum base. Petroleum jelly served as control for topical nicotine. Dressing done by applying topical nicotine until (20 days) complete wound healing was observed. Parameters evaluated were surface area of wound and percentage closure. Results: Findings of this show that, on day 4, nicotine 3.0 g% and 6 g% the wound surface area were more as compared to control. On day 12, nicotine 6.0 g% showed significantly more wound surface area than control (P < 0.05). Percentage wound contraction with topical nicotine (6.0 g%) was less as compared to control on day 4, 8, and 12 (P < 0.001). On day 16, percentage wound contracture with topical nicotine (6.0 g%) contraction was significantly less as compared to control (P < 0.05). Although percentage wound contraction with topical nicotine (all preparations) and control was similar on day 20. Conclusion: Finding shows that topical nicotine impairs wound healing in a dose related pattern during initial stages of healing in an excision wound model. However, there is no delay in wound healing with any dose of topical nicotine.
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The study investigated the wound healing effect of medicinal oil (MO) formulation prepared from Murraya koenigii leaves extract (methanolic) incorporated in olive oil. The MO was visually transparent, homogenous, smooth in texture, the viscosity grade was observed as 140 cP and easily spreadable. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly reduced to 82.3 ± 3.5, 156 ± 6.2, 137.3. ± 5.5 pg/ml, respectively after treatment with MO when compared to disease control animals that showed IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α levels of 170 ± 6, 265 ± 7, and 288.6 ± 11, pg/ml respectively. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokine in povidone iodine solution (PIS) group was 95.3 ± 3, 162 ± 6, 177.6 ± 8.9 pg/ml of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α respectively. Interestingly, the wound-healing efficacy of MO was found better as compared to povidone iodine treated standard group and concluded that MO has excellent wound healing effect.
O estudo investigou o efeito cicatrizante da formulação de óleo medicinal (MO) preparado a partir do extrato de folhas de Murraya koenigii (metanol) incorporado ao azeite de oliva. O MO era visualmente transparente, homogêneo, de textura lisa, o grau de viscosidade observado foi de 140 cP e facilmente espalhável. As citocinas pró-inflamatórias IL-1ß, IL-6 e TNF-α foram significativamente reduzidas para 82,3 ± 3,5, 156 ± 6,2, 137,3. ± 5,5 pg/ml, respectivamente, após o tratamento com MO quando comparados aos animais controle da doença que apresentaram níveis de IL-1ß, IL-6 e TNF-α de 170 ± 6, 265 ± 7 e 288,6 ± 11, pg/ml, respectivamente . O nível de citocina pró-inflamatória no grupo solução de iodopovidona (PIS) foi de 95,3 ± 3, 162 ± 6, 177,6 ± 8,9 pg/ml de IL-1ß, IL-6 e TNF-α, respectivamente. Curiosamente, a eficácia de cicatrização de feridas de MO foi encontrada melhor em comparação com o grupo padrão tratado com iodopovidona e concluiu que a preparação de MO tem efeito de cicatrização de feridas.
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Cicatrização , Ferimentos e Lesões , Citocinas , Metanol , Azeite de OlivaRESUMO
Objective: The aim of the paper was to assess the wound healing potential of three medicinal plants using the excision wound healing model on albino rat. Materials and Methods: Soxhlet extraction method was utilized for the partition of the constituent of interest. Qualitative analysis and phytochemical screening were performed for the detection of tannins, alkaloids, resins, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, proteins, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Three plants extract used for the ointment formulation and prepared by the addition of extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus,Murraya koenigii, and Punica granatum inpolyethylene glycol ointment base. Three ointment formulations and six extracts with 5% and 10% extract concentration have been used. Excision wound rat model utilized for the wound healing potential. Results and Conclusion: All three plants, including A. heterophyllus Lam.,M. koenigii Linn., and P. granatum Linn.extracted for the active constituent. The pharmacological evaluation on the excision wound healing model suggested that Group-I animals showed 52.09% of healing, whereas povidone-iodine treated animals showed 100.00% healing. On the other hand, the ointment formulation treated F-1 showed 96.47% of wound healing, F-2 showed 97.68% healing, and F-3 showed 99.11% healing. The overall healing results can be represented as following: Control <MKL5 <MKL10 <PGB5 <PGB10 <AHP5 <AHP10 <F-1 <F-2 <F-3 <Standard. F3 ointment formulation is better than the F2 and F1 formulation in wound healing potential as compared to others. Discussion: These studies have indicated that ointment formulations of A. heterophyllus, M. koenigii, P. granatum have been utilized for wound healing potential and it is safer for topical application. Excision wound healing model suggested that the three individual plant extract has shown the wound healing potential, although the prepared ointment formulations F3 have best and synergistic action than the individual. The ointment formulations containing plant extracts in 10% amount have better wound healing potential.
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Background: Calendula officinalis is one of those plants which have medicinal importance due to its flowers (HECO) has pharmacological activity the important pharmacological parameters have been less investigated properly and can be scientifically proved by reverse pharmacology. It was found of interest to evaluate these properties of extract of flowers of Calendula officinalis.Methods: Study was conducted in Albino Wistar rats. For evaluating wound healing activity Excision wound model and Incision wound mode were used containing 4 groups each. The wound contraction was studied by tracing the raw wound area on graph paper. Scar area and time for complete epithelisation were measured. The percentage of wound contraction was recorded. The differences between experimental groups were compared by ANOVA followed by Students “t” unpaired test.Results: In the excision wound healing model, 5% and 10% flowers showed a highly significant reduction in wound area as compared with control. In incision wound model, rats treated with 5% and 10% ointment of Calendula officinalis flowers extract showed highly significant increase in tensile strength as compared to control.Conclusions: It was found that the Calendula extract enhanced the wound healing in both the models as seen by increased synthesis of connective tissue especially collagen. There was a significant increase in the granuloma tissue. In both the models wound contraction and increased tensile strength was found to be statistically significant.
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Background: Impaired and aberrant wound healing imposes a huge financial burden and places an enormous drain in health care resources in the developed world and an insurmountable problem in the developing countries too. In this study, authors have compared the wound healing effect of topical application of Acacia catechu extract with silver sulfadiazine in excisional wound model in guinea pigs.Methods: Twelve guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups (n=6). The wound healing was observed in excision model. The standard group is treated with silver sulfadiazine (group 1) and the test group with Acacia catechu extract (group 2). The mean wound size expressed in mm2 and the mean percentage of the wound healed was measured on day 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 19. Biopsy was done on day 21 for histopathological examination (HPE).Results: Statistical analysis was done by using unpaired t test for between the groups comparison and by using paired t test for within the group comparison. The mean percentage of the wound healed with-in the groups was found to be statistically highly significant (p value <0.001) and in between the groups was found to be statistically non-significant (p value >0.05). A comparable increase in collagen content and granulation tissue was found on HPE in both the groups on day 21.Conclusions: Wound healing effect of the Acacia catechu extract is equal to and comparable with that of silver sulfadiazine.
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Madayantika (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) is a miracle medicinal plant used in the treatment of various skin diseases especially in wound healing activity in the Indian system of medicine. Aim and Objective: The objective of the study presented in this article was to evaluate the wound healing potential of aqueous extract. The models usually used for evaluation of wound healing activity are Excision wound model, Incision Wound Model and Dead Space model. Among those excisions wound model is selected for the study. Healthy wistar strain Albino rats of either sex weighing 150-200gm were used for the study. Animals are acclimatized in a laboratory and then it were anaesthetized and then dorsal surface of rats were shaved to about an area of 500mm2 and then it was cut carefully with sterilized forceps and left undressed for open environment, then extracts of test drugs, Scaffolds containing aqueous extract and standard drug were applied and then observed and noted. Results: The extract of Madayantika (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) treated wounds were found to epithelize faster and rate of wound contraction was significantly (p<0.0001) increased as compared to control group (p< 0.01). The extract treated animals showed from 502 �364 to 25.1�252 reduction in wound area when compared with control groups from 502� 0.538 to 40.71� 0.166. Conclusion: Madayantika (Lawsonia inermis Linn.) possess significant wound healing effect which may beneficial in treating wounds. This drug showed extremely significant results in wound healing activity.
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Aims: Objective of the study was to investigate the wound contraction and antiinflammatory activity of the 50% ethanolic extract of Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley (Fumariaceae) by excision wound model and estimation of pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines. Study Design: Prospective. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. December 2012 to May 2013. Methodology: Dried powdered whole plant of Fumaria indica was extracted with 50% ethanolic extract. The extract was subjected to HPTLC fingerprinting, DPPH free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities. Further, 10% F. indica ointment was tested for its wound contraction, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory potentials. Results: The 50% ethanolic extract showed presence of ellagic acid, ferulic acid andquercetin. The IC50 was 0.11mg/mL and significant antibacterial activity was observed against S. aureus and E. coli. The 10% F. indica ointment applied topically to the wound area reducedits size from 500 mm2 to 40 mm2 by the end of 9th day. These results were comparable to the effect of 0.2% nitrofurazone. The extract further showed a reduction in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6) and an increase in antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10.
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@#Objective To reproduce a scratch-wound model in cultured rat astrocytes (AST).Methods The secondary cultured AST prepared from newborn Wistar rat cerebral cortex were scratched with plastic pipette tips. The morphologic change of AST was observed through microscope at 10 min before and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after injury, meanwhile the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakages in the cultured medium were determined.Results Immediately after injury the edge of the scratch was lined with irregularly shaped cell. 6 h after injury the AST processes began extending to cell-free area, and elongated further at 12 and 24 h after injury, with presented of new generated cells in the denuded area. At different times after injury, the LDH leakages of the experiment group were higher than that before injury ( P<0.05), and were higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05).Conclusion According to observed AST morphologic changes and determined LDH leakages in culture medium, the scratch-wound model in cultured rat AST is successfully reproduced.
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A standardized animal model with an identical burn wound depth is necessary to carry out a study on burn wound healing. It should be easy to operate, reliable and reproducible. The authors used pigs because they histologically resembles human skin most. The method of getting the pigs burned embodied a standardized burn models by using a digitally controlled aluminum thermal block designed by the authors. Nine pigs were burned by maintaining the heat at 70degrees C for 10 seconds, 15 seconds and 20 seconds, respectively, and at 80degrees C, 85degrees C, 90degrees C, 95degrees C and 100degrees C, every 5 seconds, 10 seconds and 15 seconds, for a total of 54 contact burn wounds. And another six pigs were burned at same contact time and temperature (n=3). Another three pigs were burned by maintaining the heat at 80degrees C for 10 seconds to produce 30 more contact burn wounds (n=30). After wounding, the burned skin was biopsied, stained with H&E and observed under microscopy. Two pathologists measured the vertical distance between the basement membrane and dermal tissue of the deepest burned tissue. The depth of burn increased at a regular phase in proportion to the temperature and the time of increasing temperature. The depth of 30 biopsies of the burned tissue at 80degrees C for 10 seconds was similar statistically. Therefore, the standardized burn model of a pig, made by using digitally controlled aluminum thermal block is highly simple, reliable and reproducible for a standardized burn model, and will be very helpful in the study of burn wound healing.
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Humanos , Alumínio , Membrana Basal , Biópsia , Queimaduras , Temperatura Alta , Microscopia , Modelos Animais , Pele , Sus scrofa , Suínos , Cicatrização , Ferimentos e LesõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Wound model is important for the development of dressing materials used in dermatologic practice. Most of the wound healing models are not standardized, individualized ones for each special situation. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study is to establish a standardized wound model for evaluating the efficiency of wound healing of dressing material and the effect of epidermal growth factor(EGF) on artificially induced wounds. METHODS: Using ultrapulse CO2 laser and rats, we calibrates the most effective level of energy, frequency, and pulse duration for a wound model of upper dermis. Then, we evaluated the effect of various dressing materials such as vaseline gauze, collagen sponge, collagen sponge containing EGF and hydrogel on wound healing. RESULTS: We obtained relatively even and uniformed wound models of upper dermal level with the setting of ultrapulse CO2 laser; continuous mode, 800watt, frequency of 100Hz, and pulse duration of 0.3ms. Wounds applied with collagen sponge containing EGF showed relatively accelerated wound healing, but wounds with hydrogel or collagen sponge only showed delayed healing of wounds CONCLUSION: Ultrapulse CO2 laser could make a wound model of uniform depth level and could be used as a tool for making standardized wound models.