Alucinaciones y manía / Hallucinations and mania

Bipolar disorders are considered by many authors as a condition of nature only affective, though frequently patients with mania present psychotic symptoms (hallucinations, disorders of thought form and psychomotor disturbances and even catatonia) that are often misdiagnosed as a schizophrenic disorder. The presence of hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms is common in the different phases of bipolar disorder and relates to the unfavorable development and chronicity of symptoms, especially when they are incongruent with mood disorders. Some authors consider them as a clinical dimension of mania, that would be the result of genetic predisposition (there are some candidate genes) of cognitive impairments, specific attention disorders or neurobiological abnormalities. This article reviews the semiotic aspects, psychopathological and etiological factors associated with the presence of hallucinations in episodes of mania and the consequences of making a wrong diagnosis.

El trastorno bipolar es considerado por muchos autores como un trastorno de índole exclusivamente anímico pero con frecuencia los pacientes con manía presentan síntomas psicóticos (alucinaciones, trastornos de la forma del pensamiento y alteraciones psicomotoras e incluso catatonia) que con frecuencia son mal diagnosticados como pertenecientes a un trastorno esquizofrénico. La presencia de alucinaciones y otros síntomas psicóticos es frecuente en las diferentes fases del trastorno bipolar y guardan relación con una evolución desfavorable y cronicidad de los síntomas, especialmente cuando son incongruentes con las alteraciones del estado de ánimo. Algunos autores las consideran como una dimensión clínica de la manía, que sería el resultado de predisposición genética (se han identificado algunos genes candidatos), de las alteraciones cognoscitivas, específicamente los trastornos de atención o de alteraciones neurobiológicas. En el presente artículo se revisan los aspectos semiológicos, psicopatológicos y etiológicos relacionados con la presentación de alucinaciones en los episodios de manía y las consecuencias de realizar un mal diagnóstico.

The study on wrong diagnosis in the patients with epidemic hemorrhage fever in the early stage / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To study wrong diagnosis in the patients with epidemic hemorrhage fever in the early stage. Method To analyze the data such as the time of making wrong diagnosis,the wrong diagnosis,the department of treatment and the hospital of treatment before the diagnosis was made and the relationship between the clinical type and making wrong diagnosis. Results Making wrong diagnosis in the patients with epidemic hemorrhage fever was common (88.97%),and it was more happened in the early stage,in the non-typical and mild patients and in the lower grade hospitals.The wrong diagnosis rate (28.95%,11/38)was lower in the Infectious disease department than in the other department (93.65%),P