Preparation of silymarin-SBE-β-CD inclusion complex / 中草药

Objective: The inclusion compound of silymarin-SBE-β-CD was prepared. Methods: Phase solubility method was used to screen the inclusion materials of cyclodextrin and determine the type of inclusion. The technological conditions of silymarin inclusion complex were optimized by orthogonal design. The solubility of inclusion was determined and its structure was characterized by means of microscope, infrared spectrum analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Results: Due to its higher solubilization effect on silymarin, SBE-β-CD was determined as inclusion material. The ratio of drug to cyclodextrin was coated in the mode of 1:n. The process optimized by orthogonal design was as follow: molar ratio of silymarin to SBE-β-CD of 1:8, inclusion temperature of 60 ℃, and inclusion time of 3 h. Microscope, infrared spectrum analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the inclusion compound was formed and the drug existed in the inclusion compound as amorphous. Conclusion: The inclusion compound of silymarin-SBE-β-CD has been successfully prepared, which can significantly improve the solubility of the drug, and provide experimental basis for its clinical application.

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by two bacterial and fungal strains, Bacillus cereus and Fusarium oxysporum, and assessment and comparison of their nanotoxicity in vitro by direct and indirect assays

Background: Although nanoparticles (NPs) have many advantages, it has been proved that they may be absorbed by and have toxic effects on the human body. Recent research has tried to evaluate and compare the nanotoxicity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) produced by two types of microorganisms in vitro by two different methods. AuNPs were produced by Bacillus cereus and Fusarium oxysporum, and their production was confirmed by visible spectral, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The human fibroblast cell line CIRC-HLF was treated with AuNPs, and the induced nanotoxicity was measured using direct microscopic and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Results: The results showed that the produced AuNPs had a maximum absorbance peak around 510­530 nanometer (nm), with spherical, hexagonal, and octagonal shapes and average sizes around 20­50 nm. The XRD results confirmed the presence of GNPs in the microbial culture supernatants. An MTT assay showed that GNPs had dose-dependent toxic effects, and microscopic analysis showed that GNPs induced cell abnormalities in doses lower than the determined half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s). Conclusions: In conclusion, the biologically produced AuNPs had toxic effects in the cell culture, and direct techniques such as microscopic evaluation instead of indirect methods such as MTT assay were more useful for assessing the nanotoxicity of the biologically produced AuNPs. Thus, the use of only MTT assay for nanotoxicity evaluation of AuNPs is not desirable.

Results of toxicity for medical nanomaterialsin vitro / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

BACKGROUND:Nano is a key technology to bring accelerated development in science, economy and business in 21stcentury. Besides lots of advantages contained in nanoproducts, cytotoxic effects on human and environmentmay occur due to their extreme small size and large surface area and it promotes chemical reaction andactivates reactive oxygen species in the cell. In the last few decades, human and environment exposureof nanomaterials have been increasing, but research papers related to nanomaterial toxicity have beenpoor.GOAL: Determination of nanomaterial toxicity in medical applicationMATERIALS AND METHODS:Totally 21 nanomaterials collected in this study including imported nano-medicines, disinfectantspray, cleaning solution and experimental nanomaterial produced in Mongolia. The particle sizesof nanomaterialswere determined by Cross correlation analysis and X-Ray diffraction analysis, andmutagenicity was determined by Ames test.RESULTS:The particle sizes of nanomaterials in 5 of 21 were measured at the range of 1 – 100nm and 5 of 21nanomaterials were determined as mutagenic by Ames test.CONCLUSION:Ingredients and production methods can be one of causes of nanomaterial toxicity. Therefore, morespecific methods are needed to reveal cytotoxicity of nanomaterials in the future.

X-ray Diffraction Analysis to Clarify the Unusual Origin of an Intraocular Foreign Body.

Purpose: To clarify the origin of a metallic intraocular foreign body (IOFB) due to a firecracker injury and to show the utility of X-ray diffraction analysis in the identification process. Methods: Interventional case report using X-ray diffraction technique. Results: We report a mechanism of firecracker ocular injury not previously described in the published literature. It involved penetration into the eye by a ground particle of calamine (originated from the area of detonation) and not, as it could be suspected, by a firecracker fragment. Conclusion: X-ray diffraction analysis showed environmental debris in the area of detonation can be injected as foreign material into the eye.

Structure identification of triterpenes from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum by NMR spectra and X-ray diffraction analysis / 中草药

Object To study the chemical constituents from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss ex Fr.) Karst Methods Individual constituent was isolated and repeatedly purified on silica gel column and structurally elucidated by the NMR spectra and X ray diffraction analysis Results Four compounds were obtained from the alcohol extract and identified as 3? oxo formyl 7?, 12? dihydroxy 4, 4, 14? trimethyl 5? chol 11, 15 dioxo 8 en (E) 24 oic acid (Ⅵ); 3? oxo formyl 7?, 12? dihydroxy 5? lanost 11, 15, 23 trioxo 8 en (E) 26 oic acid (Ⅶ); ergosterol (Ⅷ) and ergosta 7, 22 dien 3? ol (Ⅸ), respectively Conclusion Compound Ⅵ and Ⅶ are new triterpenes