Costo de los accidentes de moto en menores de 19 años atendidos en un hospital de referencia

Introducción: Los accidentes de tránsito constituyen un grave problema de salud pública, sin embargo, su impacto socioeconómico no se conoce en el Paraguay. Objetivos: determinar el impacto socioeconómico de los accidentes de moto en <19 años en el año 2016. Materiales y Métodos: estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes ≤19 años que acudieron al Hospital de Trauma (HT) con antecedente de accidente de moto en el año 2016. Los datos y los costos fueron obtenidos de la base de datos del Dpto. de Estadísticas y del Dpto. de Ingresos del HT, respectivamente. Resultados: se incluyeron 700 pacientes que acudieron al HT por accidente de moto. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 15,6 ± 4.33 años. El 78% (546/700) era de sexo masculino. De los accidentados 450 (64,2%) era conductor y 250 (35,7%) acompañante. La media de edad de los conductores fue de 17 ± 4,3 años (rango 11 - 19 años) y de los acompañantes 12,3 ± 4,4 (rango <1 - 19 años). Entre los conductores solo el 50.4% (227/450) tenía la edad reglamentaria para obtener licencia de conducir. Solo el 7,7% (54/695) de los accidentados usaba casco al momento del accidente. Requirió hospitalización por 2 o más días el 89,2% (625/700) de los pacientes, de los cuales el 7.6% requirió ser hospitalizado en UCIP. La media de días de hospitalización en sala y UCIP fue de 11.04 días (DS 14,85 días) y 16.57 (DS 23 días). El 25,1% (176/700) tuvo algún grado de discapacidad o secuela y el 5,4% (38/700) falleció. Los costos directos por hospitalización por día en sala y en UCIP fueron de 275,4 y 737,2 $, respectivamente. Los costos directos por accidentes de moto en el año 2016 fue de 2.587.179,2$. Los años de vida potencialmente perdidos (AVPP) en el año 2016, fueron de 2159 años. Conclusiones: El impacto socioeconómico de los accidentes de motos, representa un costo social extremo derivado de una causa de muerte que podría prevenirse.

Introduction: Traffic accidents are a serious public health problem, however, their socio-economic impact has not been described in Paraguay. Objectives: to determine the socioeconomic impact of motorcycle accidents in victims <19 years of age in 2016. Materials and Methods: this was a descriptive, observational, retrospective study. All patients aged ≤19 years who were admitted to the Trauma Hospital (TH) with a history of a motorcycle accident in 2016 were included. The data and costs were obtained from the Statistics Department and the Admissions Department of the TH. Results: 700 patients were included, all of whom were admitted to the TH due to a motorcycle accident. The average age of the patients was 15.6 ± 4.33 years. 78% (546/700) were male. Of those injured, 450 (64.2%) were drivers and 250 (35.7%) were passengers. The average age of the drivers was 17 ± 4.3 years (range 11-19 years) and that of the passengers was 12.3 ± 4.4 years (range <1-19 years). Among the drivers, only 50.4% (227/450) were of the legal age to obtain a driver's license. Only 7.7% (54/695) of the victims wore a helmet at the time of the accident. 89.2% (625/700) of patients required hospitalization stays of 2 or more days of length, of which 7.6% required PICU admission. The mean number of regular ward hospitalization days and PICU days were 11.04 days (SD 14.85 days) and 16.57 days (SD 23 days), respectively. 25.1% (176/700) had some degree of disability or long-term effects and 5.4% (38/700) died. The direct costs per hospitalization per day in the ward and in the PICU were US$ 275.4 and 737.2, respectively. The direct costs for motorcycle accidents in 2016 was US$ 2,587,179.2. The years of potential life lost (YPLL) in 2016 were 2159 years. Conclusions: The socioeconomic impact of motorcycle accidents represents an extremely high social cost, stemming from a preventable cause of death.

Años potenciales de vida perdidos por incidentes viales de motociclistas, Medellín, 20092012: un analisis espacial por sitio de la ocurrencia / Potential years of life lost due to road incidents of motorcyclists, Medellin, 2009-2012: a spatial analysis of the occurrencesite

Introducción. La accidentalidad de motociclistas es una problemática de salud pública de Medellín, que afecta inequitativamente a la población. Objetivo. Describir los años potenciales de vida perdidos (APVP) por accidentes de motociclistas en Medellín entre 2009 y 2012. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con fuente de información secundaria ajustada con el método de Preston y Coale, y OPS de distribución proporcional; en el cálculo de los APVP se empleó como valor de referencia la proyección anual de la esperanza de vida al nacer de Colombia 2009-2014 y para el análisis geográfico se empleó el método cuantil de clasificación, la densidad de Kernel y la simbología por cantidades y atributos múltiples. Resultados. El 79,4% de los muertos en incidentes viales fueron hombres, el 50% tenía 40 años o menos (RQ= 35 años); los peatones (45,6%) y los motociclistas (31,7%) fueron los usuarios más vulnerables de la vía. Los motociclistas hombres entre los 15 y 29 años tuvieron la mayor pérdida de años potenciales de vida, al igual que los accidentados en los barrios Caribe, San Cristóbal, Guayabal y Castilla; la mayor frecuencia de motociclistas muertos se observó en tramos de la autopista norte, la autopista sur, la carrera 65, la avenida regional y la avenida guayabal. Conclusión. En Medellín los motociclistas jóvenes de sexo masculino presentan las tasas de APVP más altas del periodo, lo que implica mayores costos sociales y económicos para la ciudad. La accidentalidad fatal más alta de este grupo de interés se presenta en las vías principales de la ciudad aledañas al río Medellín

Introduction. Motorcycle accidents is a public health problem of Medellin, which affects unfairly the population. Objective. To describe the potential years of life lost (YPLL) motorcycle accident in Medellin between 2009 and 2012. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with secondary information source adjusted with the Preston and Coale method; in the calculation of YPLL, the annual projection of life expectancy at birth of Colombia 2009-2014 was used as reference value, and for the geographic analysis the “Quantile” classification method, Kernel density and symbology amounts and multiple attributes were used. Results: 79.4% of those killed in road accidents were men, 50% were 40 years old or less; pedestrians (45.6%) and motorcyclists (31.7%) were the most vulnerable road users. Motorcyclists men between 15 and 29 years of age had the highest amount of potential years of life lost, in the same way, the road accidents in Caribe, San Cristóbal, Guayabal and Castilla neighborhoods; the increased frequency of motorcyclists killed was observed in sections of the highway north, the south highway, running 65 regional and Guayabal Avenue. Conclusion: In Medellin young male motorcyclists have YPLL rates highest in the period, which implies greater social and economic costs for the city. The highest fatal accident rate of this interest group is presented on the main roads of the city along the Medellin River

Tasa de mortalidad y años potenciales de vida perdidos por suicidio en comunas y barrios de Medellín, Colombia, 2010 y 2012 / Mortality and potential years of life lost by suicide by Commune and neighborhoods of Medellin, Colombia, 2010 and 2012

Introducción: El suicidio es un problema de salud pública por el impacto negativo que ha tenido sobre los colectivos. Se calcula la tasa de mortalidad y los años potenciales de vida perdidos (APVP) por suicidio además de la distribución geográfica. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, con información secundaria facilitada por el Departamento Nacional de Estadística (DANE); se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad y de los APVP por suicidio, tomando como referente la esperanza de vida al nacer de Medellín para los años 2010 y 2012, además de la construcción de la distribución geográfica del suicidio por comuna y barrio de la ciudad de Medellín. Resultados: En Medellín, para los dos años de estudio, se presentaron 253 suicidios, de los cuales el 81,4% fueron hombres. Las tasas de mortalidad para 2010 y 2012 fueron de 5,2 y 5,4 por cada cien mil habitantes, respectivamente. Las personas de los grupos de edad de 20 a 29 años, seguido del de 10 a 19 años fueron los que mayor APVP aportaron. Se destacó el hecho de que las comunas La Candelaria y El Poblado contribuyeron en mayor magnitud con los APVP en ambos sexos y en los barrios Calle Nueva, Guayaquil, Pablo VI y Caribe y Cerro Nutibara se presentó situación ídem. Discusión: Aunque el suicidio es un evento probablemente evitable, aún tiene gran incidencia especialmente en los hombres en edad productiva., lo que sugiere intervenciones en salud mental que apunten a la disminución de tal flagelo

Introduction: Suicide is a public health problem because of the negative impact it has had on the collectives. The mortality rate and the years of potential life lost (YPLL) by suicide are estimated in addition to their geographical distribution. Materials and methods: Descriptive study, with secondary information provided by the National Department of Statistics (DANE); the mortality rates and the YPLL by suicide were calculated, taking as a reference the life expectancy at birth of Medellin for the years 2010 and 2012, in addition to the construction of the geographical distribution of suicide by commune and neighborhood of the city of Medellin. Results: In Medellin, for the two years of study, there were 253 suicides, 81.4% of which were men. The mortality rates for 2010 and 2012 were 5.2 and 5.4 per hundred thousand inhabitants, respectively. People in the age groups from 20 to 29 years, followed by the 10 to 19 years were the ones with the greatest contribution of YPLL. It was noted that the communes La Candelaria and El Poblado contributed to a greater extent with the YPLL in both genders, and in the suburbs Calle Nueva, Guayaquil, Pablo VI, Caribe and Cerro Nutibara a similar situation was found. Discussion: Although suicide is an event possibly avoidable, it still has a large impact especially in men in productive age, which suggests the need of future that mental health interventions in order to decrease this scourge

Principais causas da mortalidade masculina e os anos potenciais de vida perdidos por estes agravos / Principales causas de mortalidad masculina y los años potenciales de vida perdidos debido a estos agravios / Main causes of male mortality and potential years of life lost due to those diseases

RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever o perfil da mortalidade masculina de Cuiabá-MT entre os anos de 2002-2012 segundo as principais causas de mortalidade masculina e os anos potenciais de vida perdidos (APVP) por esta população. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, realizado a partir de 5.135 registros de óbitos de homens com idades entre 20 e 59 anos, residentes em Cuiabá-MT. A análise descritiva foi feita através da frequência absoluta e relativa dos dados e cálculo dos Indicadores de Saúde. Dentre os resultados, destacam-se as mortes em decorrência de causas violentas e doenças crônicas e degenerativas, além da mortalidade precoce, expressa pela grande perda de APVP na população de 20 a 29 anos de idade. Diante deste panorama, ressalta-se a necessidade de ações conjuntas entre seguimentos da sociedade, agentes públicos e agentes de saúde no sentido de promover a mudança deste cenário através de ações educativas com intuito de fomentar a redução da mortalidade com a sensibilização da população masculina em relação aos comportamentos de risco como a violência e a direção perigosa, bem como a adoção de hábitos mais saudáveis.

RESUMEN Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo describir el perfil de la mortalidad masculina de Cuiabá-MT, Brasil, entre los años de 2002-2012, según las principales causas de mortalidad masculina y los años potenciales de vida perdidos (APVP) por esta población. Se trata de un estudio ecológico, realizado a partir de 5.135 registros de óbitos de hombres con edades entre 20 y 59 años, residentes en Cuiabá-MT, Brasil. El análisis descriptivo fue hecho a través de la frecuencia absoluta y relativa de los datos y cálculo de los Indicadores de Salud. Entre los resultados, se destacan las muertes debido a causas violentas y enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas, además de la mortalidad precoz, expresada por la gran pérdida de los APVP en la población de 20 a 29 años de edad. Ante este panorama, se resalta la necesidad de acciones conjuntas entre segmentos de la sociedad, agentes públicos y agentes de salud en el sentido de promover el cambio de este escenario a través de acciones educativas con el objetivo de fomentar la reducción de la mortalidad con la sensibilización de la población masculina con relación a los comportamientos de riesgo como la violencia y la conducción temeraria, así como la adopción de hábitos más saludables.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to describe the male mortality rate of Cuiabá-MT between the years 2002-2012 according to the main causes of male mortality and the years of potential life lost (YPLL) by that population. This is an ecological study, based on 5,135 death records of men aged 20 to 59 years old, living in Cuiabá-MT. The descriptive analysis occurred through the absolute and relative frequencies of data and calculation of the Health Indicators. Among the results, deaths due to violent causes and chronic and degenerative diseases stand out, in addition to the early mortality, expressed by the large loss of YPLL in the population from 20 to 29 years of age. In view of this panorama, there is need for actions in conjunction with all segments of society, public and health agents for the effort to promote the change of that scenario through educational actions aiming at encouraging the reduction of mortality with the sensitization of the male population regarding risk behaviors such as violence and dangerous management, as well as the adoption of healthier habits.

Analysis of two period in Three Gorges Reservoir area after the impoundment of county residents death surveillance / 重庆医学

Objective To analysis residents'death causes in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,and analysis the distribution of causes of death and age,gender characteristics,therefore provide basis for governments at all levels to develop disease prevention. Methods Data for classification of death cause was analyzed by Excel 2003,according to the ICD-10 classification,the years of po-tential life lost(YPLL)was calculated by SPSS1 7.0.Results Totally 62 702 death date of resident population in Three Gorges Reservoir Area from July,2003 to December,2013 were collected.The crude death rate for males and standardized mortality rate was significantly higher than that in female;Cause of death of the top five were:circulatory system disease,respiratory system dis-ease,malignant tumor,injury and poisoning and digestive system diseases;Chronic disease was the main cause of death which ac-counting for 87.76%;years of potential life lost rate of top five were:injury and poisoning,tumor,circulatory system disease,respir-atory system diseases and perinatal diseases.Conclusion The main cause of death in Three Gorges Reservoir area is a county in the circulatory system diseases,malignant tumor,respiratory system disease,and show a younger trend.Therefore,prevent premature death has become one of the focal points of disease prevention and control.

Gender disparities in mortality: challenges for health equity in Puerto Rico / Disparidades de género en mortalidad: retos para la equidad en salud en Puerto Rico / Disparidades de gênero em mortalidade: desafios para a equidade na saúde em Porto Rico

The aim of this study is to deepen the analysis of mortality indicators by sex in Puerto Rico. The gender perspective is used to identify the differentials and inequalities that generate disparities in mortality among women and men in that country. In 2008-2010, life expectancy at birth for both sexes reached 78.83 years, with a gap of 7.71 years among women and men, which is higher in the group of very low mortality countries, internationally. The years of potential life lost (YPLL) by age and external causes of death and natural death are used, among other indicators, for further analysis of male mortality from a gender perspective. Young men have a very high premature mortality because many deaths are due to by external causes: homicides, suicides and accidents. In the case of women's, premature deaths are prevalent due natural causes in all age groups. The result of the study is to promote gender mainstreaming to achieve health equity for women and men. Puerto Rico requires health plans, programs and policies that take into account gender disparities in order to achieve a longer life span-free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death- which currently affects more men than women.

El objetivo de este estudio es profundizar en el análisis de indicadores de mortalidad por sexos en Puerto Rico, desde la perspectiva de género, con el propósito de conocer diferenciales y desigualdades que generan disparidades en la mortalidad de mujeres y hombres en ese país. En 2008-2010 la esperanza de vida al nacer de ambos sexos alcanzó 78.83 años, con una brecha de 7.71 años entre mujeres y hombres, la más elevadas en el conjunto de países de mortalidad muy baja, a escala internacional. Se utilizan los años potenciales de vida perdidos (APVP) por edades y causas de muerte externas y naturales, entre otros indicadores de mortalidad, para profundizar en el análisis de la sobre mortalidad masculina, desde una perspectiva de género. La mortalidad prematura reporta pérdidas elevadas de años de vida, en hombres jóvenes, por causas de muerte externas -homicidios, suicidios y accidentes; en el caso de las mujeres, prevalecen las causas de muerte natural en la mortalidad prematura de todas las edades. Los resultados del estudio promueven la incorporación de la perspectiva de género para lograr la equidad en salud de mujeres y hombres. En Puerto Rico se requieren planes, programas y políticas de salud, que tomen en cuenta las disparidades de género para lograr una vida más larga, libre de enfermedades evitables, invalidez, lesiones y muerte prematura, que en la actualidad afectan más a los hombres que a las mujeres.

O objetivo deste estudo é aprofundar na análise de indicadores de mortalidade por sexos em Porto Rico, desde a perspectiva de gênero, com o propósito de conhecer diferenciais e desigualdades que geram disparidades na mortalidade de mulheres e homens nesse país. Em 2008-2010 a expectativa de vida ao nascer de ambos os sexos alcançou 78,83 anos, com uma diferença de 7,71 anos entre mulheres e homens, a mais elevadas no conjunto de países de mortalidade muito baixa, na escala internacional. Utilizam-se os anos potenciais de vida perdidos (APVP) por idades e causas de morte externas e naturais, entre outros indicadores de mortalidade, para aprofundar na análise da mortalidade masculina, desde uma perspectiva de gênero. A mortalidade prematura reporta perdas elevadas de anos de vida, em homens jovens, por causas de morte externas - homicídios, suicídios e acidentes; no caso das mulheres, prevalecem as causas de morte natural na mortalidade prematura de todas as idades. Os resultados do estudo promovem a incorporação da perspectiva de gênero para obter a equidade em saúde de mulheres e homens. Em Porto Rico requerem-se planos, programas e políticas de saúde, que levem em consideração as disparidades de gênero para conseguir uma vida mais longa, livre de doenças evitáveis, invalidez, lesões e morte prematura, que na atualidade afetam mais aos homens que às mulheres.

Anos potenciais de vida perdido ( APVP ) por Aids: Pernambuco, 1996 e 2005 / Years of potential life lost (YPLL) by Aids: Pernanbuco, 1996 and 2005

Introdução: o indicador Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos (APVP) oferece uma visão não só da frequência de uma causa de morte, mas também daidade em que a causa produziu a morte, o que torna possível o conhecimento, além da quantidade das mortes, da sua precocidade. Objetivo: descrever ocomportamento da mortalidade por aids, utilizando o indicador APVP, em Pernambuco e suas mesorregiões, em 1996 e 2005. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo descritivo do tipo transversal. Para a obtenção do número de APVP foi feita a distribuição dos óbitos por agrupamentos de idade entre 1 e menosde 70 anos. Multiplicou-se o número de óbitos em cada intervalo de idade pelo número de anos restantes para atingir a idade limite. A média de APVP por óbito foi calculada como resultado da divisão do total de APVP pelo número de óbitos considerados. Resultados: em Pernambuco, nos anos de 1996 e 2005, houve uma redução do número de óbitos por aids (-0,75%), do número de APVP (-6,20%), da TAPVP (-17,86%) e da média de anos perdidospara cada óbito (-5,52%), embora tenha havido um aumento de 5,21% em relação à idade média ao morrer. Conclusão: Pernambuco vem experimentando modificações na trajetória da epidemia de aids, sendo observadas nesse estudo duas das tendências nacionais da epidemia: interiorização e maior sobrevidados pacientes. Constatou-se também a importância do indicador APVP na análise da mortalidade por aids, uma vez que apesar do aumento observado nasobrevida, a aids ainda é responsável por milhares de APVP em Pernambuco.

Introduction: the Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) indicator offers a vision of not only the death cause, but also the age in which the cause produced thedeath, which makes possible the knowledge of, besides the quantity of deaths, their precocity. Objective: describe the behavior of aids mortality using the YPLL indicator in Pernambuco and its regions, in 1996 and 2005. Methods: a transversal-type descriptive study was done. To obtain the YPLL number adistribution of deaths was made in groups of age between 1 and less than 70 years old. Then, the number of deaths in each age group was multiplied by thenumber of remaining years to complete the limit age. The YPLL average per death was calculated as a division of the YPLL total by the number of deathsconsidered. Results: in Pernambuco, during the years of 1996 and 2005, there was a reduction (-0.75%) in the number of deaths caused by aids, in thenumber of YPLL (-6.20%), in the YPLL tax (-17.86%) and in the average of years lost for each death caused by aids (-5.52%). On the other hand, therewas an increase of 5.21% on the average age of deaths from aids. Conclusion: Pernambuco is facing changes in the path of aids epidemic, being observed,in this study, two national trends of the epidemic: interiorizing and higher life expectancy of those affected by aids/HIV. From this analysis, it was alsopossible to perceive the importance of the YPLL indicator in the study of aids mortality, since that, although it has been observed an increase in the life expectancy, aids, as a specific cause of death, is still responsible for thousands of YPLL in Pernambuco.

A Study on the Life Eexpectancy and Years of Potential Life Lost of the Person affected Leprosy in Korean / 나학회지

A main objective of public health work is to increase life expectancy in the best health conditions possible. Mortality data represent essential elements for the quantification of health problems. Death counts and related rates are among the simplest indicators to analyze mortality. They represent a summary measure of a population's mortality experience that may be used to establish and monitor health priorities or objectives. Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) is a measure of the relative impact of several diseases and health problems in a society, The objective of this indicator is to provide a wider view of the relative importance of the most relevant causes of premature mortality and it is used primarily in the planning and definition of health priorities. To proffer the idea for the development of total Hansen service system programme, I present the reviews of the life expectancy and Years of Potential Life Lost in the case under Hansen service and general population in Korea.