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1.
Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR (Online) ; 26(1cont): 152-166, jan.-jun. 2023.
Artigo em Português | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1437898

RESUMO

As leveduras são fungos de importância à medicina veterinária por causarem doenças infecciosas em diferentes hospedeiros animais. A presente revisão de literatura teve como objetivo relatar os principais testes bioquímicos capazes de auxiliar na identificação de fungos leveduriformes de interesse veterinário e zoonótico. Para o levantamento bibliográfico, foram consideradas 48 publicações científicas selecionadas na área e indexadas nas principais bases de dados, entre os anos de 1988 e 2020. Como resultados, observou-se que oito provas são as mais empregadas na rotina micológica. Devido à baixa variabilidade morfológica das espécies leveduriformes, testes bioquímicos complementares são fundamentais na rotina laboratorial. A análise do perfil bioquímico de leveduras contribui na determinação taxonômica dos fungos a partir de reações químicas, visto que o metabolismo varia de acordo com a espécie, resultando em metabólitos distintos, os quais podem ser avaliados por diferentes provas. Conclui-se que a identificação fenotípica das leveduras é imprescindível no diagnóstico, prognóstico, tratamento e controle de doenças fúngicas e contribui para a manutenção da saúde animal.(AU)


Yeasts are fungi of importance to veterinary medicine because they cause infectious diseases in different animal hosts. This literature review aimed to report the main biochemical tests capable of assisting in the identification of yeast-like fungi of veterinary and zoonotic interest. For the bibliographical survey, 48 selected scientific publications in the area and indexed in the main databases, between the years 1988 and 2020, were considered. As a result, it was observed that eight tests are the most used in the mycological routine. Due to the low morphological variability of yeast species, complementary biochemical tests are fundamental in the laboratory routine. The analysis of the biochemical profile of yeast contributes to the taxonomic determination of fungi based on chemical reactions, since the metabolism varies according to the species, resulting in different metabolites, which can be evaluated by different tests. It is concluded that the phenotypic identification of yeasts is essential in the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and control of fungal diseases and contributes to the maintenance of animal health.(AU)


Las levaduras son hongos de importancia para la medicina veterinaria porque causan enfermedades infecciosas en diferentes animales huéspedes. Esta revisión de la literatura tuvo como objetivo informar las principales pruebas bioquímicas capaces de ayudar en la identificación de hongos tipo levadura de interés veterinario y zoonótico. Para el levantamiento bibliográfico se consideraron 48 publicaciones científicas seleccionadas en el área e indexadas en las principales bases de datos, entre los años 1988 y 2020. Como resultado se observó que ocho pruebas son las más utilizadas en la rutina micológica. Debido a la baja variabilidad morfológica de las especies de levaduras, las pruebas bioquímicas complementarias son fundamentales en la rutina del laboratorio. El análisis del perfil bioquímico de la levadura contribuye a la determinación taxonómica de los hongos en base a reacciones químicas, ya que el metabolismo varía según la especie, dando como resultado diferentes metabolitos, los cuales pueden ser evaluados mediante diferentes pruebas. Se concluye que la identificación fenotípica de levaduras es fundamental en el diagnóstico, pronóstico, tratamiento y control de enfermedades fúngicas y contribuye al mantenimiento de la salud animal.(AU)


Assuntos
Leveduras/classificação , Fenômenos Bioquímicos , Biomarcadores/análise
2.
Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology ; (12): 647-652, 2023.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-995337

RESUMO

With the development of techniques for rapid microbial identification, MALDI-TOF MS has become an important tool for clinical identification of fungi. Problems such as the applicability and standardization of protein extraction methods have hindered the development of MALDI-TOF MS technology in the fungal field. This paper analyzed the complex structure of fungal cell walls, introduced the protein extraction methods recommended by MALDI-TOF MS commercial mass spectrometry systems, discussed the protein extraction methods for the identification of various genera of yeast-like fungi and filamentous fungi by MALDI-TOF MS, such as direct smear method, formic acid acetonitrile extraction method and magnetic bead grinding method, and summarized the current status and drawbacks of protein extraction methods in fungal identification by MALDI-TOF MS with a view to providing theoretical reference for subsequent research.

3.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 44(1): 0-0, mar. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-639713

RESUMO

Desde marzo de 2007 hasta marzo de 2011 se estudiaron prospectivamente 414 pacientes con onicodistrofias en un laboratorio privado de Esquel. La prevalencia de onicomicosis de pie fue del 78 %; la de mano, del 58 %. Los principales agentes etiológicos fueron Trichophyton rubrum, Candida spp. y Trichophyton mentagrophytes. El desarrollo de dermatofitos prevaleció en las onicopatías de pie y el de Candida spp. en las de uñas de mano (ambos, p < 0,05). En las onicomicosis candidiásicas predominaron especies diferentes a Candida albicans. Las onicomicosis fueron más frecuentes en los hombres que en las mujeres. A su vez, en los hombres hubo más aislamientos de T. rubrum en pies (p < 0,05) y mayor proporción de exámenes directos (ED) y cultivos positivos (ambos, p < 0,05). La correlación entre los resultados del ED y del cultivo fue del 68 %. El rédito de ambos métodos se asoció a un mayor tamaño de la lesión ungueal. El ED fue más efectivo en onicodistrofias que superaban los 5 años de evolución. La positividad del cultivo fue independiente de la cronicidad de la onicodistrofia.


Since March 2007 to March 2011, 414 patients with onychopathies were prospectively analyzed. Prevalence of the toenail and fingernail mycoses was 78 % and 58 %, respectively. The major etiological agents were Trichophyton rubrum, Candida spp. and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Dermatophytes were more frequently cultured from toenails, whereas Candida spp. from fingernails (both, p < 0.05). In candidal onychomycosis, species different from C. albicans were prevalent. A higher prevalence of toenail and fingernail mycoses, a predominance of T. rubrum in toenails (p < 0.05), and greater positivity in the direct examination (DE) and in culture (both, p < 0.05) were more frequently observed in men than in women. The correlation between DE and culture was 68 %. DE and culture yields were associated with a greater size lesion. DE was more effective in onycodystrophies with duration of more than 5 years. Culture positivity was independent of nail affection chronicity.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Micologia/métodos , Onicomicose , Argentina/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica , Candida/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase Cutânea/diagnóstico , Candidíase Cutânea/epidemiologia , Candidíase Cutânea/microbiologia , Dedos/microbiologia , Onicomicose/diagnóstico , Onicomicose/epidemiologia , Onicomicose/microbiologia , Exame Físico , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/epidemiologia , Tinha do Couro Cabeludo/microbiologia , Dedos do Pé/microbiologia , Trichophyton/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação
4.
Dermatol. argent ; 12(3): 205-212, jul.-sept. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-562696

RESUMO

Introducción. Las onicomicosis representan el 50% de las patologías ungueales, su incidencia se calcula en el 4% de la población mundial y es aún más elevada en las personas mayores de 50 años. Son causadas por tres grupos de hongos: dermatofitos, levaduras y hongos miceliales no dermatofitos (HFND). Objetivos. El objetivo es dar a conocer los resultados de exámenes micológicos de uñas en una muestra significativa de una parte de la población de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, donde se consignan además las características clínicas de las lesiones observadas, los agentes causales, los factores predisponentes y los principales diagnósticos diferenciales. Resultados. Se estudiaron 1753 lesiones en los pies y 353 onicodistrofias de manos. En las manos la alteración ungueal más frecuente fue la onicolisis (75%); en los pies, las más comunes fueron onicolisis (42%) y compromiso distal subungueal (37,7%). El 50,3% de los exámenes micológicos fue negativo. La correlación entre los exámenes microscópicos directos y los cultivos fue de 79,3%; el 31% de los exámenes directos evidenciaron dermatofitos o hifas hialinas que tuvieron cultivos negativos. Los aislamientos más frecuentes fueron: Trichophyton rubrum (419), Candida spp (140), HFND (94: Acremonium spp y Fusarium spp fueron responsables del 70%) y Trichophyton mentagrophytes (50). Conclusiones. La mitad de los exámenes micológicos de uñas fueron negativos. La mayor parte de las onicomicosis de los pies fue ocasionada por T. rubrum, en tanto que en las manos predominó Candida sp. El papel desempeñado por Candida y los HFND en la producción de onicodistrofias no es claro. No hubo ninguna lesión patognomónica de onicomicosis


Introduction. Approximately 50% of nail diseases are fungal infections, its incidence is 4% of human population and it is higher in persons older than 50 years old. Onychomycoses are caused by three groups of fungi: Dermatophytes, yeasts and nondermatophytes mycelial fungi (NDMF). Objectives. To report the results of mycological examinations of the nails of a representative sample of Buenos Aires city population; etiologic agents, clinical characteristics, risk factors and differential diagnosis were considered. Results. 1753 toenails studies and 353 fingernails examinations were performed. Onycholysis was the most frequent fingernail alteration, 75% of the cases, while onycholysis 42% and distal or lateral subungueal dystrophies were the most common lesions in the toenails. Negative mycological studies were detected in 50,3% of the studies and in 79,3% of the exams, the microscopicobservation agreed with the cultures results; 31% of the cases which presented dermatophytes or hyaline hyphae in the direct microscopic study, did not show any fungal growth in cultures. The fungal species more frequently identified were Trichophytonrubrum 419 cases, Candida spp 140, NDMF 94 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in 50 patients. Acremonium spp and Fusariumspp were the etiologic agents of 70% of onychomycoses due to NDMF.Conclusions. 50% of mycologic studies were negative. The majority of toenails onychomycoses was due to T. rubrum and the most frequent etiologic agent of fingernails onychomycosis was Candida sp. The role of Candida sp and NDMF in the production of onychodistrophies is not clear. There was not any typical nail alteration of onychomycosis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Onicomicose/diagnóstico , Onicomicose/microbiologia , Onicomicose/patologia , Candida , Fusarium , Fungos Mitospóricos , Unhas/patologia
5.
Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology ; (24)2004.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-590075

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the disc diffusion method on the clinical antifungal susceptibility test for yeast-like fungi.METHODS The fluconazole susceptibility test was detected by disc diffusion method and NCCLS broth microdilution method with 113 yeast-like fungus strains isolated from clinical specimens.Three standard strains were used as the quality control.RESULTS The coincidence rate of the two methods was 89.4%.The sensitive strains detected by one method didn′t show resistance in another detection method,and the resistant strains detected by one method yet didn′t show sensitivity in another one.CONCLUSIONS Disc diffusion method can be used in clinical detection instead of NCCLS broth microdilution method.

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