Ansiedad frente a exámenes, un tipo de ansiedad fóbica que se presenta en el contexto académico / Test anxiety, a type of phobic anxiety that occurs in the academic context

Experimentar ansiedad frente a exámenes desencadena una respuesta emocional acompañada de cambios fisiológicos que el estudiante siente ante una situación percibida como amenazante, específicamente ante una evaluación, examen escrito u oral; actualmente, se la cataloga dentro de las fobias específicas. El individuo que busca evitar o eludir dicho escenario cae en la conducta de procrastinación. Esto afecta su rendimiento académico y acarrea consecuencias graves de salud mental, el estudiante comienza a percibirse afectado en su autovalia, autoestima y en su ambiente social, que muchas veces lo lleva a contraer trastorno depresivo e ideación suicida. El presente artículo es un estudio de revisión bibliográfica y su objetivo fue describir la experiencia de la. ansiedad frente a exámenes como fobia específica situacional, las consecuencias de dicho padecimiento, su comorbilidad con otros trastornos psicológicos y los tratamientos disponibles. Fueron analizados y comparados unos 26 artículos científicos, basados en ensayos controlados de manera aleatoria, otros son estudios controlados de caso único, publicados en importantes revistas electrónicas de impacto. La búsqueda se realizó utilizando las palabras clave. Como conclusión, se destacó la importancia del conocimiento de esta patología, a fin de realizar un diagnóstico precoz y prevención en psicoterapia, evitando así un mayor deterioro en la salud mental de los estudiantes. No obstante, es necesaria la realización de más investigación controlada al respecto.

Experiencing test anxiety triggers an emotional response accompanied by physiological changes that the student feels in a situation perceived as threatening, specifically in the face of an evaluation, written or oral exam; Currently, it is classified as a specific phobia. The individual who seeks to avoid or avoid this scenario falls into procrastination behavior. This affects their academic performance and has serious mental health consequences. The student begins to feel affected in his or her self-worth, self-esteem, and social environment, which often leads him or her to contract a depressive disorder and suicidal ideation. This article is a bibliographic review study regarding experiencing test anxiety as a situational specific phobia, the consequences of said condition, its comorbidity with other psychological disorders and the available treatments. Some 26 scientific articles were analyzed and compared, based on randomized controlled trials, others are controlled single case studies, published in important impact electronic journals. The search was carried out using keywords. In conclusion, the importance of knowledge of this pathology was highlighted, in order to make an early diagnosis and prevention in psychotherapy, thus avoiding further deterioration in the mental health of students. However, more controlled research is needed in this regard.

Ensino, pesquisa e extensão em ginástica na região sul do Brasil: desenvolvimento e potencial crescimento / Teaching, research and extension in gymnastics at southern region of Brazil: development and potential growth / Enseñanza, investigación y extensión in gimnasia em la región sur de Brasil: desenvolvimiento y potencial crecimiento

Essa pesquisa estudou o perfil e a atuação acadêmica de 31 docentes que atuam com o ensino da Ginástica em 20 Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas da região Sul do Brasil, por meio de pesquisa documental. Foi constatada atuação majoritária de não-especialistas, que tematizam principalmente as ginásticas competitivas em suas disciplinas. As ações extensionistas e as publicações e orientações de pesquisas específicas sobre a Ginástica são incipientes e concentradas nos docentes especialistas. Destaca-se uma IES, com resultado do esforço pessoal de uma docente. O estudo sugere uma contraditória fragilidade dessa área na região que deu origem ao desenvolvimento desses saberes e práticas no Brasil, em comparação com outras regiões do Brasil (AU).

This research studied the profile and academic performance of 31 professors who work with Gymnastics teaching in 20 public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the South region of Brazil through documentary research. Most non-specialists were found to be working, who mainly focused on competitive gymnastics in their disciplines. Extensionist actions and publications and specific research guidelines on Gymnastics are incipient and concentrated on specialist teachers. One HEI stands out because of the personal effort of a professor. The study suggests a contradictory fragility of this area in the region that gave rise to the development of this knowledge and practices in Brazil compared to other areas of Brazil (AU).

Esta investigación estudió el perfil y el desempeño académico de 31 profesores que actúan en la enseñanza de la Gimnasia en 20 Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) públicas de la región Sur de Brasil a través de una investigación documental. Se encontró que la mayoría de los profesores son no especialistas y enfocaban principalmente en la gimnasia competitiva en sus disciplinas. Las acciones y publicaciones extensionistas y lineamientos de investigación específicos sobre Gimnasia soni ncipientes y concentrados en docentes especialistas. Una IES destaca como resultado del esfuerzo personal de una docente. El estudio sugiere una fragilidad contradictoria de esta área en la región que dio lugar al desarrollo de estas prácticas en Brasil (AU).

Estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios peruanos en el contexto del COVID-19: una revisión sistemática / Academic stress in Peruvian university students in the context of COVID-19: a systematic review / Estresse acadêmico em estudantes universitários peruanos no contexto da COVID-19: uma revisão sistemática

Asociado a la pandemia de COVID-19, los estudiantes universitarios peruanos se vieron obligados a adaptarse al cambio abrupto de la educación presencial a la virtual, como consecuencia pudieron padecer alguna afectación psicológica como estrés académico. Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de estrés académico que presentaron los estudiantes universitarios peruanos durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática cualitativa, donde se utilizó el método PRISMA, en el que se seleccionaron 29 artículos publicados entre el año 2021 y 2023. En el 75,86 % de los estudios recuperados predominó en los alumnos el nivel moderado de estrés académico; además, las mujeres, los que viven en ciudades grandes y los de menor edad mostraron mayores niveles. Los agentes estresores que más destacaron fue la sobrecarga de tareas, la forma de evaluación, el tipo de trabajo que le solicitan los profesores y el tiempo limitado para su realización. En el caso de los síntomas más comunes resultaron ser la falta de concentración, trastornos del sueño, fatiga crónica, ansiedad, depresión y dolores de cabeza. Las principales estrategias coincidentes para afrontarlo fueron escuchar música, ver televisión y navegar en internet. Conclusiones: El COVID-19 propició un estrés académico mayoritariamente moderado en los estudiantes universitarios peruanos.

Associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, Peruvian university students were forced to adapt to the abrupt change from in-person to virtual education, as a consequence they may have suffered some psychological effects such as academic stress. Objective: Analyze the level of academic stress that Peruvian university students presented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A qualitative systematic review was carried out, where the PRISMA method was used, in which 29 articles published between 2021 and 2023 were selected. In 75.86% of the recovered studies, the moderate level predominated in the students; In addition, women, those who live in large cities and those who are younger showed higher levels. The stressors that stood out the most were the overload of tasks, the form of evaluation, the type of work that teachers request and the limited time for its completion. In the case of the most common symptoms, they turned out to be lack of concentration, sleep disorders, chronic fatigue, anxiety, depression and headaches. The main coincident coping strategies were listening to music, watching television and surfing the Internet. Conclusions: COVID-19 caused mostly moderate academic stress in Peruvian university students.

Associada à pandemia da COVID-19, os estudantes universitários peruanos foram forçados a se adaptar à mudança abrupta da educação presencial para a virtual, e como consequência podem ter sofrido alguns efeitos psicológicos, como o estresse acadêmico. Objetivo: Analisar o nível de estresse acadêmico que os estudantes universitários peruanos apresentaram durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática qualitativa, onde foi utilizado o método PRISMA, no qual foram selecionados 29 artigos publicados entre 2021 e 2023. Em 75,86% dos estudos recuperados, predominou nos estudantes o nível moderado de estresse acadêmico; Além disso, as mulheres, as que vivem nas grandes cidades e as mais jovens apresentaram níveis mais elevados. Os estressores que mais se destacaram foram a sobrecarga de tarefas, a forma de avaliação, o tipo de trabalho que os professores solicitam e o tempo limitado para sua realização. No caso dos sintomas mais comuns, acabaram por ser falta de concentração, distúrbios do sono, fadiga crónica, ansiedade, depressão e dores de cabeça. As principais estratégias de coping coincidentes foram ouvir música, ver televisão e navegar na Internet. Conclusões: A COVID-19 causou principalmente estresse acadêmico moderado em estudantes universitários peruanos.

Anesthesia training: Are we doing enough in three years? Cross-sectional study

Introduction: The mínimum number of procedures required to be performed during anesthesia training has not been officially defined in Colombia. Although a number is no guarantee of acquired competencies, it does indicate the level of opportunity offered by the different programs. This study describes the practical training afforded to residents in a graduate anesthesia program in Colombia, and compares its results with international standards. Objective: Describe exposure to procedures performed by residents enrolled in a three-year anesthesia specialization program in Colombia between 2015 and 2020, and compare with the standards proposed by ASCOFAME and ACGME. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study which included residents who did their specialization in a Colombian anesthesia program between 2015 and 2020. Complexity, anesthesia techniques, invasive monitoring and airway approach were described. Finally a descriptive comparison was made with the published references of the Colombian Association of Medical Schools (ASCOFAME) and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Results: The results for 10 residents were included. Each resident had a median of 978 cases (IQR 942-1120), corresponding to 25 surgical specialties, the most frequent being general surgery (18%), orthopedics (16%), pediatric surgery (19%), and obstetrics (10.8%). According to the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification, the majority of patients were ASA II (39.63%) and ASA III (28.4%). Adequate exposure was achieved in 11 of the 15 categories proposed by ACGME and in 6 of the 15 proposed by ASCOFAME. Conclusions: A detailed description of the practice component acquired by the residents during their three years of training was obtained. This baseline provides insight into the national landscape and allows to describe the relationship with international standards.

Introducción: En Colombia no se encuentra oficialmente definido el número mínimo de procedimientos que se deben realizar durante el entrenamiento en anestesiología. Aunque el número no garantiza la adquisición de competencias de la especialidad, sí es un indicador de la oportunidad ofertada por parte de los programas. Este estudio describe el entrenamiento práctico que tienen los médicos residentes en un programa de posgrado de anestesiología en Colombia y compara sus resultados con estándares internacionales. Objetivo: Describir la exposición a procedimientos realizados por los médicos residentes de un programa de especialización en anestesiología de tres años en Colombia, entre 2015 y 2020, y compararlo con los estándares propuestos por ASCOFAME y el ACGME. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; se incluyeron los residentes que cursaron su programa de especialidad en un programa colombiano de anestesiología entre 2015 y 2020. Se describieron la complejidad, técnicas anestésicas, monitoría invasiva y abordaje de la vía aérea. Finalmente, se compararon los resultados de manera descriptiva con lo referenciado por la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Medicina y el Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). Resultados: Se incluyeron los resultados de 10 médicos residentes. El número de casos por residente tuvo una mediana de 978 casos (RIQ942-1120), correspondientes a 25 especialidades quirúrgicas; cirugía general (18 %), ortopedia (16 %), cirugía pediátrica (19 %) y obstetricia (10,8 %) fueron las más frecuentes. Según la clasificación de la Sociedad Americana de Anestesiología (ASA), la mayoría de los pacientes tenían ASA 2 (39,63 %), ASA 3 (28,4 %). Se alcanzó una exposición adecuada en 11 de las 15 categorías propuestas por el ACGME y en 6 de las 15 propuestas por la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Medicina. Conclusiones: Se obtuvo una descripción detallada del aspecto práctico de los residentes de anestesiología durante sus tres años de formación. Esta línea de base permite ampliar el panorama a escala nacional y describir la relación con estándares internacionales.

Evaluación del conocimiento y manejo de la violencia basada en género desde la perspectiva de los ginecotocólogos y posgrados en la práctica clínica en Uruguay

Introducción: la violencia basada en género (VBG) es un grave problema de salud con cifras alarmantes. Las mujeres víctimas de VBG acuden a los centros de salud para ser atendidas por este y otros motivos, siendo en muchos casos el primer y único contacto de las mujeres con el sistema sanitario. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar acerca del nivel de formación, conocimientos, actuación y percepciones sobre la atención por parte de los ginecotocólogos y posgrados de Ginecotocología en casos de VBG en la práctica clínica diaria en nuestro medio. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal de una muestra por conveniencia. Se encuestaron 143 profesionales, comprendiendo ginecotocólogos y posgrados de Ginecotocología en el período comprendido entre el 1 y el 30 de septiembre de 2019. Resultados: 9 de cada 10 de los profesionales refirieron no realizar o realizar pocas preguntas sobre VBG en la práctica clínica, y 80% no tiene claro sobre cuál es su rol en la detección de una víctima de VBG, siendo profesionales que asisten a un promedio de 20 a 60 mujeres semanalmente. Un tercio de los encuestados manifestaron tener menos de una hora de formación académica en VBG. Conclusión: existe escasa formación académica en esta temática. Se mostró que entender el papel del profesional en la detección de casos de VBG y la capacidad para responder apropiadamente están íntimamente relacionados con la capacidad de identificar la VBG en la práctica clínica diaria.

Introduction: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a serious health problem that accounts for alarming figures. Women victims of GBV come to health centers to be treated for this and other reasons, in many cases being this the first and only contact they have with the health system. The objective of this study is to find out the level of training, knowledge, actions, and perceptions regarding care by gynecologists and gynecology postgraduates in cases of gender-based violence seen during daily clinical practice in our setting. Method: A descriptive observational study was conducted, with a cross-sectional design and convenience sample. A total of 143 professionals were surveyed, including gynecologists and gynecology postgraduates, between September 1st and September 30th, 2019. Results: Nine out of ten professionals reported not asking or asking few questions about GBV in their clinical practice, and 80% were unclear about their role in detecting GBV victims, despite assisting an average of 20 to 60 women weekly. One-third of respondents reported having less than an hour of academic training in GBV. Conclusion: There is limited academic training in this area. The study showed that understanding the professionals' role in detecting GBV cases and their ability to respond appropriately to it are closely related to the ability to identify GBV in daily clinical practice.

Introdução: a violência baseada em gênero (VBG) é um grave problema de saúde com números alarmantes. As mulheres vítimas de VBG procuram os centros de saúde para tratamento por esse e outros motivos e, em muitos casos, esse é o primeiro e único contato que as mulheres têm com o sistema de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo é pesquisar o nível de formação, conhecimento, desempenho e percepções do atendimento por tocoginecologistas e pós-graduandos em Tocoginecologia nos casos de VBG na prática clínica diária. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo de corte transversal com uma amostra de conveniência. Foram incluídos 143 profissionais, incluindo tocoginecologistas e pós-graduandos em Tocoginecologia no período entre 1º e 30 de setembro de 2019. Resultados: 9 em cada 10 profissionais relataram não fazer nenhuma ou poucas perguntas sobre a VBG na prática clínica, e 80% não tinham clareza sobre seu papel na identificação de uma vítima de VBG em sua prática, sendo profissionais que atendem uma média de 20 a 60 mulheres por semana. Um terço dos entrevistados relatou ter menos de uma hora de formação acadêmica em VBG. Conclusão: Há pouca formação acadêmica nessa área. A compreensão do papel do profissional na detecção de casos de VBG e a capacidade de responder adequadamente estão intimamente relacionadas à capacidade de identificar VBG na prática clínica diária.

Prevalence of brain fag syndrome and its correlation with stimulant use and socioeconomic/demographic characteristics among university undergraduate students in Nigeria

Background: Brain Fag Syndrome (BFS) is a culture-bound syndrome characterized by cognitive and somatic symptoms, commonly reported among African students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of BFS among Nigerian university students and examine its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate students from a university in the northwest region of Nigeria. The study utilized a self-administered questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, stimulant use, course of study, and academic performance. The presence of BFS was assessed using standardized diagnostic criteria. Results:The study included a total of 625 participants, in their young adulthood. The prevalence of BFS among Nigerian university students was found to be 62.7%. The majority of affected students were aged 20-30, male, and from the Hausa ethnic group. No significant association was found between stimulant use and BFS. However, there was a significant relationship between the course of study and the occurrence of BFS. Academic performance (CGPA) showed a weak negative association with BFS. Other socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, relationship status, birth position, type of home, and family income did not predict the occurrence of BFS. Conclusion: The high prevalence highlights the need for attention to mental health issues among this population. The results emphasize the importance of considering the course of study and academic performance when studying BFS. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and develop effective interventions for students affected by BFS.

Opinion on the development and research status of intelligent ophthalmology in China / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of intelligent ophthalmology in China, including technological advancements, academic exchange platforms, policy support, future challenges, and potential solutions. Technologically, remarkable progress have been made in various areas of intelligent ophthalmology in China, including diabetic retinopathy, fundus image analysis, and crucial aspects such as quality assessment of medical artificial intelligence products, clinical research methods, technological evaluation, and industrial standards. Researchers are constantly improving the safety and standardization of intelligent ophthalmology technology by formulating clinical application guidelines and standards. Academic exchange platforms have been established to provide extensive collaboration opportunities for professionals across diverse fields, and various academic journals serve as publication platforms for intelligent ophthalmology research. Regarding public policy, the Chinese government has not only established a supportive policy environment for the advancement of intelligent ophthalmology through various documents and regulations, but provided a legal basis and management framework. However, there are still challenges to overcome, such as technological innovation, data privacy and security, outdated regulations, and talent shortages. To tackle these issues, there is a requirement for increased technological research and development, the establishment of regulatory frameworks, talent cultivation, and greater awareness and acceptance of new technologies among patients. By comprehensively addressing these challenges, intelligent ophthalmology in China is expected to continue leading the industry's global development, bringing more innovation and convenience to the field of ophthalmic healthcare.

A qualitative exploration on the role of occupational therapy in mental health and psychosocial support for students in the university setting in the Philippines

Background@#Occupational therapy (OT) can be part of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in the university setting. Numerous studies worldwide have highlighted the negative impact of COVID-19 on mental health due to isolation and restrictions. In the Philippines, these issues were exacerbated among students, whose abrupt shift to remote learning negatively affected their mental well-being. As universities reopened, there is an opportunity for OT to support students' mental health. @*Objectives@#This study presents the findings of an online group discussion and an online forum that explored the role of OT in MHPSS in the Philippine university setting. Moreover, this study aimed to (1) describe the perceptions of Filipino OT practitioners (OTPs) on their role in the university setting, and (2) describe thoughts of Filipino OTPs on being part of MHPSS services. @*Method@#Using a qualitative exploratory design, data was gathered through an online discussion and an online forum. Thirty-five Filipino OTPs with a background in mental health practice served as the participants. Data was analysed using constant comparison.@*Results@#Analyses of data generated four themes: (1) awareness of the importance of MHPSS as student support, (2) mental health and occupation-focused support in the education setting, (3) role of OT in MHPSS, and (4) potential for interprofessional services. @*Conclusion@#Need for OT in MHPSS is justified by rising issues in anxiety, depression, trauma, and stress that can be addressed using an occupation-focused approach. OTPs can provide non-specialized services like PFA, or specialized individual or group-based interventions. However, OTPs think that they need to know more about MHPSS to contribute across all levels of MHPSS.

A literacia em saúde no ChatGPT: explorando o potencial de uso de inteligência artificial para a elaboração de textos acadêmicos / Health literacy in ChatGPT: exploring the potential of the use of artificial intelligence to produce academic text

Resumo O presente estudo buscou conhecer as principais características das respostas geradas pela ferramenta ChatGPT a consultas sobre um tema emergente na literatura acadêmica de língua portuguesa - a literacia em saúde -, assim como discutir de que forma tais evidências podem contribuir para uma melhor compreensão sobre os limites e os desafios relacionados ao uso de Inteligência Artificial (IA) para a construção do conhecimento acadêmico. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, baseado em consultas ao ChatGPT, a partir de cinco perguntas disparadoras, feitas em sequência, nas línguas portuguesa (Brasil) e inglesa, com níveis de complexidade linguística crescentes. A análise dos resultados evidenciou uma ampla perspectiva para o uso de tecnologias baseadas em IA, como o ChatGPT, uma ferramenta disponibilizada de forma ampla e irrestrita, com uma interface intuitiva e simples, que se mostrou capaz de gerar textos coerentes, estruturados, em linguagem natural. Considerando o fenômeno do produtivismo acadêmico, associado a uma tendência crescente de má conduta profissional, sobretudo o plágio, coloca-se necessidade de um olhar ainda mais cuidadoso sobre o processo de produção e divulgação do conhecimento científico mediado por tecnologias de IA.

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the main constituent elements of text generated by ChatGPT in response to questions on an emerging topic in the academic literature in Portuguese - health literacy - and discuss how the evidence produced can contribute to improving our understanding of the limits and challenges of using artificial intelligence (AI) in academic writing. We conducted an exploratory descriptive study based on responses to five consecutive questions in Portuguese and English with increasing levels of complexity put to ChatGPT. Our findings reveal the potential of the use of widely available, unrestricted access AI-based technologies like ChatGPT for academic writing. Featuring a simple and intuitive interface, the tool generated structured and coherent text using natural-like language. Considering that academic productivism is associated with a growing trend in professional misconduct, especially plagiarism, there is a need too take a careful look at academic writing and scientific knowledge dissemination processes mediated by AI technologies.

A formação em saúde coletiva nos cursos de fonoaudiologia de instituições públicas do Nordeste: um estudo a partir das matrizes curriculares / Public health training in public institutions' speech-language-hearing programs in Northeastern Brazil: a curricular framework study

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as características da formação inicial em saúde coletiva de fonoaudiólogos do Nordeste do Brasil. Método A pesquisa foi realizada com base nas matrizes curriculares de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) públicas do Nordeste a partir das quais foram analisados dados gerais dos cursos de Fonoaudiologia de cada Instituição ー estado em que está localizado, carga horária total e última reformulação de matriz curricular; e dados que diziam respeito especificamente às disciplinas relacionadas à Saúde Coletiva ー carga horária de cada disciplina, semestre de oferta, conteúdo da ementa, caráter teórico, prático, teórico-prático ou estágio, se obrigatória ou optativa. Resultados Os dados revelam que existem oito IES públicas do nordeste que oferecem o curso de Fonoaudiologia, sendo que os Projetos Pedagógicos de Cursos datam de 2009 a 2021. A Carga Horária (CH) total das disciplinas vinculadas à área de Saúde Coletiva varia de 7,5% a 20,5% da CH total dos cursos analisados. A maioria destas disciplinas é eletiva, tem caráter teórico e é ofertada na primeira metade da formação. Conclusão A formação inicial em saúde coletiva de fonoaudiólogos de IES públicas do nordeste parece ainda estar embasada em práticas tradicionais, que acabam distanciando os discentes do campo da saúde coletiva e de práticas que atendam os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde, e as reais necessidades da população, especialmente na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe the characteristics of the initial public health training for speech-language-hearing therapists in Northeastern Brazil. Methods The research was based on the curricular framework of public higher education institutions in the Northeast. The analysis approached each institution's general speech-language-hearing program data (state where it is located, total course load, and most recent curricular framework reformulation) and specific data on public health courses (their individual course load, the term when it is offered, syllabus content, whether it was theoretical, practical, both, or internship, and whether it was required or elective). Results The data show that eight public higher education institutions in the Northeast offer speech-language-hearing programs, whose pedagogical frameworks date from 2009 to 2021. The total course load of those related to public health ranges from 7.5% to 20.5% of the total program among those analyzed. Most courses were elective, exclusively theoretical, and were offered in the first half of the program. Conclusion The initial public health training for speech-language-hearing therapists in public higher education institutions in the Northeast still seems to be based on traditional practices. These create a distance between students, public health, and practices that meet the principles of Health Unic System (in Portuguese - Sistema Único de Saúde) and the population's real needs, especially in primary healthcare

Can oral health have an impact on academic performance and school absenteeism?: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the association between oral health and academic performance and/or school absenteeism. Methods: Electronic searches were performed of the PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS and LILACS/BVS databases. We included observational studies that evaluated the association between dental caries, tooth loss, dental pain or oral health status with school absenteeism or academic performance. The studies had to contain a representative sample of the population: schoolchildren, children or adolescents. After the removal of duplicates, the electronic searches produced 3,789 articles. Of these, 25 studies were included in the systematic review and 13 in the meta-analysis. Results: Considering all the studies evaluated in the meta-analysis, seven articles satisfied 100% of the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal checklist, and six contained between 90% and 75% positive answers. The pooled effects showed that the chances of school absenteeism were 31% higher in subjects with dental caries (OR 1.31; 95%CI 1.12-1.54). Students with fair/poor dental health had a 50% higher chance of suffering poor academic performance (OR 1.50; 95%CI 1.22-1.84) and 34% higher chance of having problems at school (OR 1.34; 95%CI 1.06-1.70). Students with a history of toothache had a 3.7 higher chance of being absent from school (OR 6.65; 95%CI 1.60-8.32) and 71% higher chance of missing class due to toothache (OR 1.71; 95%CI 1.15-2.56). Subjects with a history of toothache had a 2.5 times higher chance of suffering poor academic performance (OR 2.58; 95% CI 2.04-3.27). Conclusion: Therefore, students with oral problems were more likely to take time off school and present inferior academic performance

A mercantilização anunciada da Pesquisa na Espanha dos anos 2000 / The announced commodification of Research in Spain in the 2000s

Resumo: Este artigo problematiza o processo de mercantilização universitária na Espanha, relacionando-o às tendências globais, mediante realização de pesquisa bibliográfica. Destaca o papel crucial desempenhado pela Agência Nacional de Avaliação da Qualidade e Acreditação (ANECA) e a imposição progressiva de fatores de impacto em periódicos científicos como expressão do fortalecimento do denominado capitalismo acadêmico e do trabalho digital nas universidades, no âmbito das reformas universitárias dos anos 2000.

Abstract: This article problematizes the process of university commodification in Spain, relating it to global trends, through bibliographic research. It highlights the crucial role played by the National Agency for Quality Evaluation and Accreditation (ANECA) and the progressive imposition of impact factors in scientific journals as an expression of the strengthening of academic capitalism and digital work in universities, within the framework of the university reforms of the 2000s.

Indicadores del éxito académico en la educación universitaria: análisis naturaleza de los cursos / Indicadores do sucesso acadêmico na educação superior: análise segundo natureza dos cursos / Indicators of academic success in higher education: analysis in function of courses nature

O sucesso acadêmico na Educação Superior é um construto multidimensional, influenciado por diferentes variáveis da trajetória estudantil. Assim, analisamos o rendimento acadêmico (CRE) de estudantes ingressantes da ES, tomando variáveis pessoais/sociais, adaptativas e relacionadas à aprendizagem, diferenciando as análises de acordo com a natureza dos cursos. Participaram 715 estudantes (M = 22.10 anos, DP = 6.92), oriundos de 26 cursos superiores do Instituto Federal da Paraíba (Brasil), cujos dados foram coletados de forma documental e usando um questionário aplicado online. Os resultados apontam que o conjunto das variáveis do estudo explicam 89% do CRE de estudantes do bacharelado, 85% da licenciatura e 84% do rendimento de cursos tecnológicos, com destaque para as variáveis renda familiar, opção na escolha do curso, contato extraclasse com professor e atividades extracurriculares, faltas e disciplinas aprovadas versus disciplinas cursadas. Apontam-se implicações desses resultados para futuras intervenções com foco no sucesso acadêmico e conclusão dos cursos.

El éxito académico en la Educación Universitaria es un constructo multidimensional, influenciado por distintas variables de la trayectoria estudiantil. Así, analizamos el rendimiento académico (CRE) de estudiantes ingresantes de la ES, tomando variables personales/sociales, adaptativas y relacionadas al aprendizaje, diferenciando los análisis de acuerdo con la naturaleza de los cursos. Participaron 715 estudiantes (M = 22.10 años, DP = 6.92), provenientes de 26 cursos universitarios del Instituto Federal de Paraíba (Brasil), cuyos datos se recolectaron de forma documental y utilizando un cuestionario aplicado online. Los resultados apuntan que el conjunto de las variables del estudio explica el 89% del CRE de estudiantes de bachillerato, el 85% da licenciatura y el 84% del rendimiento de cursos tecnológicos, con destaque para las variables renta familiar, opción en la escoja del curso, contacto extra-aula con profesor y actividades extracurriculares, faltas y asignaturas aprobadas versus asignaturas cursadas. Se apuntan implicaciones de estos resultados para futuras intervenciones con enfoque en el éxito académico y conclusión de los cursos.

Academic success in Higher Education is a multidimensional construct, influenced by different variables in the student trajectory. Thus, we assessed the academic performance (CRE) of incoming Higher Education students, taking personal/social, adaptive, and learning-related variables, differentiating the analysis according to the nature of the courses. In this way, 715 students participated (age: M = 22.10 years, SD = 6.92), from 26 Higher Education courses at a Federal Institute of Paraíba (Brazil), whose data were collected in a documentary form and using an online questionnaire. The results indicate that the set of variables in the study explain 89% of the CRE of bachelor students, 85% of undergraduate students, and 84% of the performance of technological courses, with the following variables: emphasis on family income, option in choosing the course, extra-class contact with teacher and extracurricular activities, absences and discipline approvals versus completed disciplines. Implications of these results are highlighted for future interventions focusing on academic success and course completion.

Referentes teóricos sobre lectura y escritura en la formación académico-investigativa de los profesionales de la salud / Theoretical references on reading and writing in the academic-research training of health professionals / Theoretical references on reading and writing in the academic-research training of health professionals / Referenciais teóricos sobre leitura e escrita na formação acadêmico-pesquisa de profissionais de saúde

Introducción: La lectura y la escritura constituyen prácticas esenciales en el aprendizaje, la investigación y la comunicación científica. Objetivo: Identificar las teorías y conceptos claves sobre la lectura y la escritura universitaria apropiados para sustentar la formación académico-investigativa de los profesionales de la salud. Método: Se desarrolló una revisión bibliográfica (octubre de 2022 - abril de 2023), a partir de las siguientes fases: búsqueda de información, evaluación, análisis y síntesis. Se utilizaron palabras clave combinadas en diferentes ecuaciones de búsqueda: formación investigativa, habilidades investigativas, comunicación de la ciencia, habilidades comunicativas, lectura, escritura. Se localizaron 238 documentos; se excluyeron 131a partir de los criterios determinados. Desarrollo: Se determinaron los principales aportesen la fase de evaluación, mediante lecturas recurrentes y fichas de análisis. En la fase de análisis se elaboraron fichas de contenido con los conceptos principales, previo agrupamiento de los artículos en grupos temáticos. En la fase de síntesis se identificaron los principales enfoques teóricos. El cuerpo de ideas resultante se organiza como sigue: la lectura y la escritura en la formación académico-investigativa, literacidad y alfabetización académica, lectura y pensamiento crítico, la escritura académica y lectura y escritura en entornos digitales. Consideraciones finales: Existe suficiente respaldo teórico para sustentar la comunicación científica enla formación académico-investigativa de los profesionales de la salud. Se confirma la posibilidad de sustentar pedagógicamente la interacción comunicativa en la apropiación de información y la construcción del conocimiento en contextos disciplinares.(AU)

Introduction: Reading and writing constitute essential practices in learning, research and scientific communication. Objective: To identify the key theories and concepts about college reading and writing appropriate to support the academic-research training of health professionals. Method: A bibliographic review was developed (October 2022 - April 2023), based on the following phases: information search, evaluation, analysis and synthesis.Keywords were used combined in different search equations: research training, research skills, science communication, communication skills, reading, writing.238 documents were located;131 were excluded based on the determined criteria. Development: The main contributions were determined in the evaluation phase, through recurring readings and analysis sheets.In the analysis phase, content sheets were prepared with the main concepts, after grouping the articles into thematic groups.In the synthesis phase, the main theoretical approaches were identified.The resulting body of ideas is organized as follows: reading and writing in academic-research training, literacy and academic literacy, reading and critical thinking, academic writing and reading and writing in digital environments. Final considerations: There is sufficient theoretical background to support scientific communication in the academic-research training of health professionals.The possibility of pedagogically supporting communicative interaction in the appropriation of information and the construction of knowledge in disciplinary contexts is confirmed.(AU)

Introdução: A leitura e a escrita constituem práticas essenciais na aprendizagem, na pesquisa e na comunicação científica. Objetivo: Identificar as principais teorias e conceitos sobre leitura e escrita universitária adequados para subsidiar a formação acadêmico-pesquisadora de profissionais de saúde. Método: Foi desenvolvida uma revisão bibliográfica (outubro de 2022 - abril de 2023), baseada nas seguintes fases: busca de informações, avaliação, análise e síntese.Foram utilizadas palavras-chave combinadas em diferentes equações de busca: formação em pesquisa, habilidades de pesquisa, comunicação científica, habilidades de comunicação, leitura, escrita.Foram localizados 238 documentos;131 foram excluídos com base nos critérios determinados. Desenvolvimento: as principais contribuições foram determinadas na fase de avaliação, por meio de leituras recorrentes e fichas de análise.Na fase de análise foram elaboradas fichas de conteúdo com os principais conceitos, após agrupamento dos artigos em grupos temáticos.Na fase de síntese foram identificadas as principais abordagens teóricas.O conjunto de ideias resultante está organizado da seguinte forma: leitura e escrita na formação académica-investigadora, alfabetização e literacia académica, leitura e pensamento crítico, escrita académica e leitura e escrita em ambientes digitais. Considerações finais: Há respaldo teórico suficiente para fundamentar a comunicação científica na formação acadêmico-pesquisadora dos profissionais de saúde.Confirma-se a possibilidade de apoiar pedagogicamente a interação comunicativa na apropriação da informação e na construção do conhecimento em contextos disciplinares.(AU)

Relationships between internet addiction, smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and academic performance among high-school students

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationships between Internet addiction, smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and academic success. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, high-school students were surveyed to evaluate sleep quality, Internet addiction, and smartphone addiction. Students were queried about their demographics, and grade averages from the previous term were taken as an indicator of academic success. RESULTS: A total of 1,959 students were enrolled in this study, with 1,034 (52.8%) girls and 925 (47.2%) boys, and the median age of the participants was 16 (13-21) years. Multivariate analyses found that poor sleep quality in students who did not have breakfast before going to school was 1.58 times higher than those who did (p<0.001). Students who stayed in a dormitory had 1.79 times more poor sleep quality than those who stayed with their family, and a one-unit increase in the total score of the Young's Internet Addiction Test short form resulted in a 1.08-fold increase (both, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that students' sleep quality was predicted to be lower if they stayed in a dormitory and skipped breakfast. In addition, Internet and smartphone addictions have a negative effect on sleep quality and academic performance.

Influence of motivation to learn on adolescents' quality of life and school performance: A protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis / Influência da motivação para aprender na qualidade de vida e no desempenho escolar de adolescentes: um protocolo de revisão sistemática com metanálise

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify the relationship between motivation to learn and the quality of life and academic performance of middle-school adolescents. Methods: the review will be based on international guidelines. The PEO (Population, Exposure, Outcome) strategy was used to develop the research question, and eligibility criteria were established. The MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases will be consulted with the respective search equations. Evaluators will independently follow some steps to select the studies. Data will be extracted with a specific instrument. Protocols according to the study type will be used to assess the methodological quality or risk of bias of the studies. The results will be analyzed and presented both qualitatively and quantitatively. Final Considerations: this study will analyze the pieces of research on the topics in question, identifying existing gaps and enabling closer observation of the available evidence to guide educational practices and action planning aimed at promoting health for adolescent students.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a relação da motivação para aprender com a qualidade de vida e com o desempenho escolar de adolescentes do ensino fundamental. Métodos: a revisão será embasada em diretrizes internacionais. A estratégia PEO (População, Exposição, Desfecho) foi utilizada para elaborar a pergunta norteadora e foram estabelecidos critérios de elegibilidade. As bases de dados Medline, via PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science serão consultadas por meio das respectivas equações de busca. Para seleção dos estudos, algumas etapas serão cumpridas por avaliadoras de forma independente. A extração dos dados será realizada por meio de instrumento próprio. Para a avaliação da qualidade metodológica ou risco de viés dos estudos serão utilizados protocolos segundo o tipo de estudo. A análise e a apresentação dos resultados serão feitas de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. Considerações Finais: o desenvolvimento deste trabalho possibilitará uma análise das pesquisas realizadas sobre as temáticas envolvidas, identificando lacunas existentes, além de possibilitar a observação mais detida das evidências disponíveis para nortear a prática educativa e o planejamento de ações que visem à promoção da saúde para estudantes adolescentes.

Ligas acadêmicas em saúde: uma revisão sistemática e proposta de checklist norteador de novos estudos / Academic leagues in health: a systematic review and proposed checklist to guide new studies

Resumo Introdução: As ligas acadêmicas (LA) são grupos organizados sem fins lucrativos que seguem os princípios do trinômio universitário (ensino, pesquisa e extensão) por discentes e profissionais orientadores, historicamente presentes em faculdades de Medicina, mas também difundidas em diversos cursos de saúde. No entanto, o conhecimento sobre as LA é limitado. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre as LA de saúde no Brasil, analisar o perfil demográfico e atuação delas no país, e propor concomitantemente um checklist norteador para a redação de relatos de experiência sobre a temática. Método: O estudo consiste em uma revisão sistemática que adotou as orientações do PRISMA e utilizou como banco de dados a BVS e Medline. Realizaram-se a descrição de detalhes das LA, a evolução histórica, o perfil demográfico e a avaliação bibliométrica dos dados obtidos. Além disso, elaborou-se um checklist (Crelas) para orientar novos relatos de experiência de LA. Resultado: Foram selecionados 2.064 estudos, e incluíram-se 74 artigos em 20 anos de análise (2003-2022). O perfil das LA em saúde se alterou com o passar dos anos, chegando ao modelo atual pautado no tripé de atividades. Ainda assim, as LA são heterogêneas no país, concentradas em algumas regiões, especialmente no Sudeste. Ademais, observaram-se uma heterogeneidade dos estudos, ausência de uma revista central e carência de estudos quantitativos uni/multicêntricos que avaliassem o impacto das LA na formação dos estudantes. Conclusão: Ainda são necessários novos estudos sobre essa temática com o propósito de esclarecer a lacuna acerca das atividades desenvolvidas e seus impactos acadêmicos e sociais.

Abstract Introduction: Academic Leagues (ALs) are not-for-profit groups commonly organized by graduate students and advisors in Brazilian universities, that follow the principles of the academic triad (teaching, research, and service). Historically found in medical schools, they have also been widespread in several health courses. However, knowledge about ALs is limited. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review on academic health leagues in Brazil, analyze the demographic profile and performance of ALs in Brazil, proposing concomitantly a checklist guide for the writing of experience reports on the subject. Methods: The study consists of a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines and using the BVS Health and Medline databases. Details of ALs, their historical evolution, demographic profile, and bibliometric evaluation of the obtained data were described. In addition, a checklist was developed to guide new reports on AL experiences. Results: A total of 2,064 studies were selected, with 74 articles included in 20 years of analysis (2003-2022). The profile of health ALs has changed over the years, reaching the current model based on the triad of activities. However, ALs are heterogeneous in Brazil, concentrated in some regions, especially in the Southeast. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the studies, absence of a central scientific journal, and lack of quantitative uni/multicentric studies that assess the impact of ALs on student education were observed. Conclusion: New studies within this theme are still necessary to clarify the activities developed and their academic and social impacts.

Intervenciones a la luz de la psicología escolar en la universidad: una experiencia de pasantía / Intervenções à luz da psicologia escolar na universidade: uma experiência de estágio / Interventions in the light of school psychology at the university: an internship experience

RESUMO O presente artigo relata a experiência de estágio em Psicologia Escolar e Educacional em um serviço-escola de Psicologia, localizado em uma universidade em Natal/RN. O projeto interventivo desenvolvido ao longo do período de estágio proporcionou encontros grupais abertos para as demandas dos estudantes. Assim, foram estabelecidas três etapas: 1) divulgação do projeto; 2) realização de três encontros interventivos; 3) momento avaliativo das ações executadas por parte da equipe de estágio. As intervenções elaboradas explicitaram a importância de a universidade proporcionar o acolhimento às queixas do cotidiano acadêmico, trazendo não apenas a ideia da qualidade de vida dentro da universidade, como também oferecendo suporte considerável para atender às necessidades dos estudantes.

RESUMEN En el presente artículo se busca relatar la experiencia de pasantía en Psicología Escolar y Educacional en un servicio-escuela de Psicología, localizado en una universidad en Natal/RN. El proyecto intervenido desarrollado a lo largo de la pasantía buscó proporcionar encuentros grupales abiertos a las demandas de los estudiantes. Así, se establecieron tres etapas: 1) divulgación del proyecto; 2) realización de tres encuentros intervenidos; 3) momento evaluativo de las acciones ejecutadas por parte del equipo de la pasantía. Las intervenciones elaboradas explicitaron la importancia de la universidad en proporcionar el acogimiento a las quejas del cotidiano académico, trayendo no solo la idea de la cualidad de vida dentro de la universidad, como también dando suporte considerable para atender a las necesidades de los estudiantes.

ABSTRACT This article seeks to report the internship experience in School and Educational Psychology at a Psychology school service, located at a university in Natal/RN. The interventional project that was developed throughout the internship period sought to provide open group meetings for the students' demands. Thus, three steps were established: 1) dissemination of the project; 2) three intervention meetings; 3) evaluative moment of the actions performed by the internship team. The elaborated interventions highlighted the importance of the university in providing the reception to the complaints of academic daily life, bringing not only the idea of quality of life inside the university, but also offering considerable support to meet the needs of the students.

School readiness among vulnerable children: a systematic review of studies using a person-centered approach

Abstract Background Research has consistently shown that some children are more vulnerable at the time of school readiness. Better understanding the characteristics of these children is therefore important. Most studies have used a variable-based approach, which may mask the presence of small but important subgroups of children with mixed patterns of readiness strengths and weaknesses. Identifying subgroups with mixed readiness patterns using a person-centered approach matters because their developmental trajectories might differ in important ways from children with broader difficulties across all readiness domains. Objective This systematic review attempts to synthesize existing profiles of school readiness conducted on preschool-aged children and to describe how these various profiles are associated with children's academic achievement and social adjustment during their school years. Specifically, we described how the school readiness profiles vary in number of profiles identified and differences in the specific domains of school readiness. We further describe the school readiness profiles and how they predict later academic and social outcomes. Furthermore, we focus on profile differences between at-risk and non-at-risk preschoolers. Methods Longitudinal studies published between 2005 and 2022 on profiles of school readiness before school entry and at least one subsequent academic and/or social outcomes were extracted from five databases. Eight articles were included in this systematic review out of the 117 screened peer-reviewed articles. Results All the studies incorporated both the cognitive and socioemotional domains of school readiness in their profiles. Fifteen profiles of school readiness at preschool age were identified based on the child level of cognitive and socioemotional skills, with 7 profiles at risk of later academic and social difficulties. Despite variation, children in these at-risk profiles of school readiness shared similar features. Conclusion This literature review provides an exhaustive summary on the number of profiles and domains of school readiness most frequently reported in studies using a person-centered approach. Yielding an in-depth description of at-risk profiles of school readiness can help designing early preventive intervention for these children.

Why should Medical Societies increasingly attend to their Specialist Title exams and why should medical professionals obtain it? / Por que as Sociedades Médicas devem cada vez mais cuidar de suas provas de Título de Especialista e porque os profissionais médicos devem obtê-lo?

ABSTRACT Medical societies must maintain high standards of competence and quality when awarding specialist titles, defining the certification criteria, taking into account the needs and realities of the health system and medical practice.

RESUMO As Sociedades Médicas devem manter padrões elevados de competência e qualidade na concessão dos Títulos de Especialista, com definição dos critérios de certificação, considerando as necessidades e realidades do sistema de saúde e da prática médica.