Prévalence et facteurs prédicteurs des troubles post-traumatiques chez les accidentés de la voie publique / Prevalence and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in road traffic accidents

Introduction: les troubles post-traumatiques survenant à la suite d'un accident de la route ont un impact tant sanitaire qu'économique. Méthodes: notre étude prospective, vise à déterminer la prévalence de ces troubles, et de dégager leurs facteurs de risque auprès de sujets victimes d'accidents de la route et hospitalisés au service de chirurgie orthopédique et de traumatologie du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Sfax-Tunisie. Résultats: soixante-dix sujets ont été inclus dans notre étude. La prévalence de l'état de stress aigu était de 37,1% et il a été associé au sexe féminin, au niveau scolaire bas, à la présence d'antécédents médicochirurgicaux, à la passivité au cours de l'accident, à la sévérité des lésions, et à la présence d'une symptomatologie anxieuse et dépressive. Le trouble stress post traumatique était constaté chez 40% des sujets et il a été associé au milieu de résidence urbain, à la passivité au cours de l'accident, et à la symptomatologie anxieuse et dépressive. Des scores faibles des stratégies de coping fonctionnelles et des scores élevés des stratégies de coping dysfonctionnelles ont été significativement associés à ces deux troubles. Le niveau scolaire bas, la résidence en milieu urbain, un niveau élevé d'anxiété et de dépression et la stratégie de coping de déni apparaissent comme des facteurs de risque indépendants de l'état de stress aigu et du trouble stress post traumatique. Conclusion: il s'avère ainsi important de déterminer un profil de personnes plus exposées aux troubles post-traumatique afin de permettre un dépistage précoce par les médecins avec lesquels les accidentés pourraient avoir des contacts dans les suites de leurs accidents.

ntroduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder following a road accident has both a health and an economic impact. Methods: we conducted a prospective study to determine the prevalence of this disorder, and to identify risk factors in subjects victims of road accidents and hospitalized in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology of the University Hospital Center of Sfax-Tunisia. Results: a total of sixty-ten subjects were included in this study. The prevalence of acute stress was 37.1% and was associated with female sex, low educational level, previous medical and surgical history, passivity during the accident, severity of injuries and the presence of anxious and depressive symptoms. Post-traumatic stress disorder was observed in 40% of subjects and was associated with urban residential environment, passivity during the accident and anxious and depressive symptoms. Low scores for functional coping strategies and high scores for dysfunctional coping strategies were significantly associated with both disorders. Low educational level, urban residential environment, high levels of anxiety and depression, and denial coping strategy appear to be independent risk factors for acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: It is therefore important to determine the profile of people at greater risk of post-traumatic stress disorder, to enable early diagnosis in victims of road accidents.

Foreign research status of prevention of children s sexual assault from the perspective of perpetrators / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#In recent years, the research perspective of the prevention and intervention of children s sexual assault abroad has expanded from the victim s perspective of children s self protection education and post mortem remedy to the screening and intervention education of perpetrators in advance, so as to implement the primary prevention of children s sexual assault from the source. The article will summarize the current situation of foreign research on child sexual assault prevention from the perspective of perpetrators, including the target population, prevention practice and forms, so as to provide a reference for the primary prevention of child sexual assault from the perspective of perpetrators in China.

Diagrama de prevenção de quedas para pessoas idosas: revisão integrativa / Diagrama de prevención de caídas para personas mayores: revisión integradora / Fall prevention diagram for older adults: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Propor um diagrama de prevenção de quedas para pessoas idosas, baseado no Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender. Métodos A construção do diagrama foi embasada no modelo de Nola Pender e em seus elementos. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de revisão integrativa, com o objetivo de coletar dados sobre características e experiências individuais, sentimentos e conhecimentos e adoção de comportamento saudável para prevenção de quedas. Após a coleta dessas informações, realizou-se análise de similitude dos estudos selecionados por meio do IRaMuTeQ. Os elementos obtidos da análise de similitude facilitaram o agrupamento dos estudos quanto aos elementos encontrados e, assim, proporcionaram a organização do diagrama de prevenção de quedas. Resultados A amostra final foi constituída de 54 artigos, divididos de acordo com os elementos do modelo de Nola Pender: 36 abordavam características e experiências individuais, 40 sentimentos e conhecimentos, e 20 eram referentes ao comportamento. Os elementos obtidos da análise de similitude geraram um leque semântico de palavras mais frequentes: queda, prevenção, mulher e medo. Já as palavras menos frequentes foram cognição, autoeficácia, transporte e planejamento, os quais contribuíram para a construção do diagrama. Conclusão A partir da revisão, elaborou-se um diagrama, que favoreceu a identificação dos fatores pessoais, barreiras e facilidades, para um comportamento desejável à prevenção de quedas.

Resumen Objetivo Proponer un diagrama de prevención de caídas para personas mayores, basado en el modelo de promoción de la salud de Nola Pender. Métodos La elaboración del diagrama se basó en el modelo de Nola Pender y sus elementos. Para tal fin, se realizó un estudio de revisión integradora con el objetivo de recopilar datos sobre características y experiencias individuales, sentimientos y conocimientos y adopción de un comportamiento saludable para la prevención de caídas. Después de recopilar la información, se realizó un análisis de similitud de los estudios seleccionados mediante IRaMuTeQ. Los elementos obtenidos del análisis de similitud permitieron agrupar los estudios respecto a los elementos encontrados y, de esta forma, proporcionaron la organización del diagrama de prevención de caídas. Resultados La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 54 artículos, divididos de acuerdo con los elementos del modelo de Nola Pender: 36 abordaban características y experiencias individuales, 40 sentimientos y conocimientos y 20 eran sobre el comportamiento. Los elementos obtenidos del análisis de similitud generaron un conjunto semántico de palabras más frecuentes: caída, prevención, mujer y miedo. Por otro lado, las palabras menos frecuentes fueron: cognición, autoeficacia, transporte y planificación, que contribuyeron para la elaboración del diagrama. Conclusión A partir de la revisión, se elaboró un diagrama que favoreció la identificación de los factores personales, barreras y facilidades para un comportamiento conveniente en la prevención de caídas.

Abstract Objective To propose a fall prevention diagram for older adults, based on Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model. Methods Diagram construction was based on Nola Pender's model and its elements. For this, an integrative review study was carried out with the objective of collecting data on individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect and behavioral outcome for fall prevention. After collecting this information, a similarity analysis of the selected studies was carried out using IRaMuTeQ. The elements obtained from similarity analysis facilitated the grouping of studies regarding the elements found and thus provided fall prevention diagram organization. Results The final sample consisted of 54 articles, divided according to the elements of Nola Pender's model: 36 addressed individual characteristics and experiences, 40 referred to behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and 20 referred to behavioral outcome. The elements obtained from the similarity analysis generated a semantic range of the most frequent words: fall, prevention, woman and fear. The least frequent words were cognition, self-efficacy, transportation and planning, which contributed to diagram construction. Conclusion From the review, a diagram was prepared, which favored identifying personal factors, barriers and facilities for a desirable behavior to prevent falls.

Urinary symptoms, falls and fear of falling in older people with cognitive impairment / Sintomas urinários, quedas e medo de cair em idosos com comprometimento cognitivo

Abstract Introduction: Among geriatric syndromes, cognitive impairment, urinary incontinence, nocturia, and falls stand out. Older adults with urinary incontinence are more prone to falls and exhibit fear of falling. Objective: To investigate the frequency of urinary incontinence and nocturia and evaluate the association of these variables with falls and fear of falling in older individuals with cognitive impairment. Methods: Cross-sectional study with older adults referred from Basic Health Units with cognitive impairment evaluated between 2019 and 2021. Information on urinary incontinence, nocturia, history of falls, and fear of falling provided by the participants and their caregivers was collected. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and univariate logistic regressions. Results: Data from 89 older adults were analyzed, of whom 58.4% had urinary incontinence, 28.1% had nocturia, 67.4% reported fear of falling, and 41.6% reported falls in the last six months. The group with urinary incontinence [χ2(1) = 5.147; p = 0.023] and the group with nocturia [χ2(1) = 4.353; p = 0.037] had significantly higher frequencies of fear of falling. No differences in the frequencies of history of falls were observed between individuals with and without urinary incontinence or nocturia (p > 0.05). Fear of falling was associated with urinary incontinence (OR = 2.833; 95% CI 1.137 - 7.062) and nocturia (OR = 3.365; 95% CI 1.033 - 10.966). Conclusion: Older adults with cognitive impairment have a high frequency of urinary incontinence, nocturia, falls, and fear of falling. Furthermore, there is an association between urinary incontinence, nocturia and fear of falling in this population.

Resumo Introdução: Entre as síndromes geriátricas, destacam-se o comprometimento cognitivo, a incontinência urinária, a noctúria e as quedas. Idosos com incontinência urinária são mais propensos a cair e apresentar medo de cair. Objetivo: Investigar a frequência de incontinência urinária e noctúria e avaliar a associação dessas variáveis com a ocorrência de quedas e com o medo de cair em idosos com comprometimento cognitivo. Métodos: Estudo transversal com idosos encaminhados das Unidades Básicas de Saúde com comprometimento cognitivo avaliados entre os anos de 2019 e 2021. Foram coletadas informações sobre incontinência urinária, noctúria, histórico de quedas e medo de cair, fornecidas pelos idosos e seus acompanhantes. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes quiquadrado e regressões logísticas univariadas. Resultados: Foram analisados dados de 89 idosos, dos quais 58,4% apresentavam incontinência urinária, 28,1% apresentavam noctúria, 67,4% tinham medo de cair e 41,6% relataram quedas nos últimos seis meses. O grupo com incontinência urinária [2(1) = 5,147; p = 0,023] e o grupo com noctúria [χ2(1) = 4,353; p = 0,037] apresentaram frequências significativamente maiores de medo de cair. Não foram observadas diferenças das frequências de histórico de quedas entre os indivíduos com e sem incontinência ou noctúria (p > 0,05). O medo de cair mostrouse associado à incontinência (OR = 2,833; IC95% 1,137 - 7,062) e à noctúria (OR = 3,365; IC 95% 1,033 - 10,966). Conclusão: Idosos com comprometimento cognitivo apresentam alta frequência de incontinência urinária, noctúria, quedas e medo de cair. Ademais, há associação da incontinência urinária e da noctúria com o medo de cair nessa população.

Perfil clínico e epidemiológico de pacientes vítimas de queimaduras, um estudo retrospectivo / Clinical and epidemiological profile of burn victims, a retrospective study

Introdução: No Brasil, queimaduras acometem cerca de um milhão de pessoas/ano, a maioria do sexo masculino. Além de prejuízos físicos e emocionais, há impacto econômico, com gastos para o sistema de saúde, indenizações e incapacidades laborais. Por estas razões, estudos epidemiológicos são importantes para traçar o perfil da população mais acometida, orientando a prevenção dessa afecção. Método: Revisão dos prontuários de 398 vítimas de queimaduras, internados na Santa Casa de Santos, de janeiro de 2016 até dezembro de 2019. Resultados: Os principais acometidos são homens, jovens, em ambiente doméstico, por líquidos aquecidos, causando em sua maioria queimaduras de segundo grau, atendidos em até 24 horas, considerados grandes queimados e internados em enfermaria por até duas semanas. Aproximadamente 90% recebeu alta com melhora, necessitando apenas de desbridamento e curativos. Conclusão: Nosso trabalho concorda com maioria das revisões em relação à prevalência do sexo masculino, jovens, economicamente ativos, em suas residências, com líquidos aquecidos, acidentalmente. Outros estudos apontaram crianças como as mais afetadas, mostrando necessidade de políticas voltadas a ambas as faixas etárias. Com relação à internação, a maioria permaneceu em enfermaria, com queimaduras de segundo grau, prevalecendo os grandes queimados, o que acarreta maior gravidade e custos. Esse dado vai contra alguns trabalhos, que apontam queimadura de segundo grau como principal, porém com menos de 10% da superfície corporal queimada. A maior parte dos pacientes, tanto neste quanto na maioria dos estudos, apresentou bom desfecho, sem necessidade de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva ou procedimentos cirúrgicos, mostrando a importância do desbridamento precoce e cuidados com curativos.

Introduction: In Brazil, burns affect around one million people/year, the majority of whom are male. In addition to physical and emotional losses, there is an economic impact, with costs for the health system, compensation, and work disabilities. For these reasons, epidemiological studies are important to outline the profile of the most affected population, guiding the prevention of this condition. Method: Review the medical records of 398 burn victims admitted to Santa Casa de Santos from January 2016 to December 2019. Results: The main victims were young men in a domestic environment, by heated liquids, mostly causing second degree burns, treated within 24 hours, considered major burns, and admitted to the infirmary for up to two weeks. Approximately 90% were discharged with improvement, requiring only debridement and dressings. Conclusion: Our work agrees with most reviews regarding the prevalence of young, economically active males with accidentally heated liquids in their homes. Other studies highlighted children as the most affected, showing the need for policies for both age groups. Regarding hospitalization, the majority remained in the ward, with second-degree burns, with major burns prevailing, which leads to greater severity and costs. This data goes against some studies, which indicate second-degree burns as the main burn, with less than 10% of the body surface burned. In both this and most studies, most patients had a good outcome, without needing an Intensive Care Unit or surgical procedures, showing the importance of early debridement and care with dressings.

Primer caso de transmisión de mpox mediante toma de muestra por desteche en Chile / First case report of mpox transmission through unroofing sample collection in Chile

Mpox es una zoonosis vírica que causa síntomas similares a la viruela, aunque menos graves. La infección fue descrita inicialmente en África central y occidental. Luego del brote multinacional ocurrido el año 2022, ya no es considerada una emergencia de salud pública de importancia internacional. El mecanismo de transmisión es por contacto físico estrecho o directo con lesiones cutáneas de individuos infectados. Presentamos el caso clínico de una enfermera que se infectó por mpox tras un accidente cortopunzante durante la toma de muestra de una lesión por desteche con bisturí en un paciente con VIH. La transmisión percutánea tuvo un período de incubación corto, seguido de una lesión cutánea y síntomas sistémicos. Aunque infrecuente, se destaca el riesgo de transmisión ocupacional de mpox en la atención clínica. Es importante que el personal sanitario adhiera estrictamente a las medidas de prevención, como el uso de equipo de protección personal y la práctica segura en la toma de muestra.

Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis that causes symptoms similar to smallpox, but less severe. The infection was initially described primarily in central and western Africa. After multi-country outbreak in 2022; it is currently no longer a public health emergency of international concern. The main mode of transmission is through close or direct contact with the skin lesions of an infected individual. We report a case of a nurse was infected with mpox after a needlestick injury during a skin sample collection from an HIV-positive patient. Percutaneous transmission resulted in a short incubation period, followed by a skin lesion and systemic symptoms. This case highlights the risk of occupational transmission of mpox in healthcare settings. It is important for healthcare workers to take rigorous prevention measures, such as the use of appropriate personal protective equipment and safe sample collection practices.

Áreas geográficas con mayor concentración de accidentes de tránsito en San Salvador, El Salvador: un análisis espacial del periodo 2014-2018 / Geographic areas with the highest concentration of traffic accidents in San Salvador, El Salvador: a spatial analysis of the 2014-2018 period

RESUMEN Objetivo. Identificar las áreas de mayor concentración de accidentes de tránsito y lesionados en el Área Metropolitana de San Salvador (AMSS). Materiales y métodos. Los accidentes de tránsito se analizaron espacialmente mediante la ubicación puntual y por la sumatoria de eventos en áreas de 200 m2. La ubicación puntual se analizó mediante «análisis de vecinos más cercanos¼, mientras que las áreas con la sumatoria de accidentes de tránsito se analizaron mediante Gi* de Getis-Ord para obtener los puntos calientes. Los puntos calientes resultantes con mayor concentración de accidentes de tránsito en el AMSS se evaluaron en campo mediante un formulario de observación de las características de infraestructura y seguridad vial. Resultados. Al analizar 8191 accidentes de tránsito reportados entre 2014‒2018, se identificaron cinco áreas con mayor cantidad de accidentes de tránsito y lesionados, principalmente sobre vías primarias. Conclusión. Los sitios de mayor concentración de accidentes de tránsito y lesionados se caracterizan por una infraestructura vial con daños considerables y falta de sistemas de seguridad para conductores y peatones. El análisis espacial de los accidentes de tránsito y lesionados puede contribuir a mejorar la vigilancia y seguridad vial en el AMSS.

ABSTRACT Objective. This study aimed to identify the areas with the highest concentration of traffic accidents and injuries in the San Salvador Metropolitan Area (SSMA). Materials and methods. Traffic accidents were analyzed spatially by point location and by the sum of events in areas of 200 m2. The point location was analyzed by "nearest neighbor analysis", while the areas with the sum of traffic accidents were analyzed by Getis-Ord Gi* to obtain the hot spots. The resulting hot spots with the highest concentration of traffic accidents in the SSMA were evaluated in the field using an observation form to collect data on infrastructure and road safety characteristics. Results. Five areas with the highest number of traffic accidents and injuries, mainly containing primary roads, were identified by analyzing 8191 traffic accidents reported between 2014-2018. Conclusion. The sites with the highest concentration of traffic accidents and injuries were characterized by considerably damaged road infrastructure and the lack of safety systems for drivers and pedestrians. The spatial analysis of traffic accidents and injuries can contribute to improve surveillance and road safety in the SSMA.

Conduta terapêutica após extravasamento de hipoclorito durante o tratamento endodôntico / Therapeutic management after hypochlorite extravasation during endodontic treatment / Manejo terapéutico después de la extravasación de hipoclorito durante el tratamiento de endodoncia

O hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl), bastante difundido nos tratamentos endodônticos como uma solução de irrigação eficaz, pode causar complicações graves através da extrusão do mesmo nos tecidos periapicais. O objetivo desse estudo é relatar um caso clínico de extravasamento de hipoclorito durante o tratamento endodôntico, evidenciando a conduta terapêutica. Paciente do sexo feminino, 52 anos, comparece ao setor de urgências e emergência do Hospital da Restauração Governador Paulo Guerra, Recife-PE, cursando com aumento de volume em hemiface direita de aspecto eritematoso, difuso, com sintomatologia dolorosa e sensação de ardência, e necrose tecidual sugestiva de extrusão do NaOCl através dos tecidos periapicais. Foi realizada a limpeza copiosa, desbridamento, drenagem cirúrgica e antibioticoprofilaxia. Observou-se redução do edema e boa cicatrização tecidual intraoral, evidenciando-se que, embora seja rara, é essencial o manejo rápido e preciso diante dessa condição, além da terapêutica medicamentosa a fim de se prevenir infecções secundárias... (AU)

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), widely used in endodontic treatments as an effective irrigation solution, may cause serious complications through extrusion into the periapical tissues. The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of hypochlorite extravasation during endodontic treatment, highlighting the therapeutic approach. A 52-year-old female patient presented at the emergency department of Hospital da Restauração Governador Paulo Guerra, Recife-PE, complaining of a diffuse, erythematous swelling of the right hemiface, with painful symptoms and burning sensation, and tissue necrosis suggestive of extrusion of NaOCl through the periapical tissues. Copious cleaning, surgical debridement and drainage, and antibiotic prophylaxis were performed. A reduction in edema and good intraoral tissue healing were observed. Although rare, rapid and precise management of this condition is essential, as well as drug therapy to prevent secondary infections... (AU)

El hipoclorito de sodio (NaOCl), muy extendido en los tratamientos endodónticos como solución de irrigación eficaz, puede causar graves complicaciones por su extrusión en los tejidos periapicales. El objetivo de este estudio es reportar un caso clínico de extravasación de hipoclorito durante el tratamiento endodóntico, destacando el enfoque terapéutico. Paciente de sexo femenino, 52 años, comparece en el servicio de urgencias y emergencias del Hospital de Restauración Gobernador Paulo Guerra, Recife-PE, cursando con aumento de volumen en hemiface direita de aspecto eritematoso, difuso, con sintomatología dolorosa y sensación de ardor, y necrose tecidual sugestiva de extrusión del NaOCl a través de los tejidos periapicales. Se realizó una abundante limpieza, desbridamiento, drenaje quirúrgico y antibioprofilaxis. Se observó una reducción del edema y una buena cicatrización de los tejidos intraorales, lo que demuestra que, aunque sea poco frecuente, es esencial un tratamiento rápido y preciso de esta afección, además de la terapia farmacológica para prevenir las infecciones secundarias... (AU)

Determinación del riesgo de muerte por afecciones vasculares en hipertensos de la población peruana 2021-2022

Objetivo: determinar el riesgo de muerte inmediata por eventos vasculares en hipertensos de la población peruana en el periodo 2021-2022 Metodología: estudio observacional, de casos y controles basado en datos del sistema nacional de defunciones del instituto nacional de estadística e informática del Perú entre enero de 2021 a agosto de 2022. Fueron incluidos todos los pacientes, hipertensos y no hipertensos, que fallecieron por alguna de las afecciones vasculares seleccionadas en las variables las cuales fueron, además de la presencia de hipertensión: paro cardiaco, accidente cerebrovascular isquémico y hemorrágico, choque cardiogénico, Se realizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson y la razón de probabilidades para la estimación del riesgo. Resultados: de 5385 muertes por infarto de miocardio, 54,80% tuvieron hipertensión arterial; de 1425 muertes por choque cardiogénico, 45,12% fueron hipertensos; de 434 fallecidos por accidente cerebrovascular isquémico, 52,76% padecieron hipertensión arterial; de los 746 fallecidos por accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico, 56,97% fueron hipertensos; de los 4401 fallecidos por paro cardiaco, 25,61% también tuvieron hipertensión arterial. Se encontró que los hipertensos tuvieron un riesgo 7,52 veces mayor de morir por infarto agudo de miocardio, 3,39 veces por choque cardiogénico, 5,75 veces por accidente cerebrovascular isquémico, 10,27 accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico y 1,94 veces por paro cardiaco. Conclusiones: las afecciones vasculares de mayor a menor riesgo de provocar la muerte en hipertensos son el accidente cerebrovascular, el infarto de miocardio, el accidente cerebrovascular isquémico, el choque cardiogénico y el paro cardiaco.

Objective: To determine the risk of immediate death due to vascular events in hypertensive patients in the Peruvian population in the period 2021-2022. Methodology: Observational, case-control study based on data from the national death system of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics of Peru between January 2021 and August 2022. All patients, hypertensive and non-hypertensive, who died from any of the vascular affections selected in the variables which were, in addition to the presence of hypertension: cardiac arrest, ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident, cardiogenic shock. The Pearson's Chi-square test and the odds ratio were performed for the estimation of the risk. Results: Of 5385 deaths due to myocardial infarction, 54.80% had arterial hypertension; of 1425 deaths due to cardiogenic shock, 45.12% were hypertensive; of 434 deaths from ischemic stroke, 52.76% suffered arterial hypertension; of the 746 who died from hemorrhagic stroke, 56.97% were hypertensive; of the 4,401 deaths from cardiac arrest, 25.61% also had arterial hypertension. It was found that hypertensive patients had a 7.52 times higher risk of dying from acute myocardial infarction, 3.39 times from cardiogenic shock, 5.75 times from ischemic stroke, 10.27 times from hemorrhagic stroke and 1.94 times from heart attack. Conclusions: Vascular conditions from highest to lowest risk of causing death in hypertensives are cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction, ischemic cerebrovascular accident, cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest.

Factores de riesgo asociados a enfermedades cerebrovasculares en mujeres / Risk Factors Associated with Cerebrovascular Diseases in Women

Introducción: La enfermedad cerebrovascular es la tercera causa de muerte en el mundo y representa la causa más frecuente de discapacidad permanente en adultos. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a enfermedades cerebrovasculares en mujeres. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico observacional, de tipo caso-control, a partir de 35 pacientes del sexo femenino con diagnóstico de enfermedad cerebrovascular (casos) y otro grupo de pacientes que no presentaban dicha enfermedad (controles). Se utilizó el porcentaje como medida resumen de las variables cualitativas. Se determinó la razón de productos cruzados, el intervalo de confianza y la prueba de ji al cuadrado, así como el riesgo atribuible en expuesto porcentual para identificar los factores que se asociaron a la presencia de la enfermedad. Resultados: La hipercolesterolemia, la obesidad, el sedentarismo, los hábitos nutricionales inadecuados y el uso de anticonceptivos orales fueron los factores de riesgo modificable más significativos, con valores de razón de productos cruzados de 10,15; 9,08 y 8,17 y un riesgo atribuible en expuesto de 90,1 por ciento, 89 por ciento; 87,8 por ciento respectivamente. Por otra parte, la enfermedad cardíaca, la hipertensión arterial y la enfermedad cerebrovascular previa fueron los padecimientos asociados de mayor significación con razón de productos cruzados en expuesto de 3,55 y 2,97 y un riesgo atribuible en expuesto de 71,8 y 66,3 por ciento, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgos modificables como hipercolesterolemia, obesidad, sedentarismo, hábitos nutricionales inadecuados y el uso de métodos anticonceptivos aumentaron la probabilidad de sufrir enfermedad cerebrovascular en las mujeres estudiadas(AU)

Introduction: Cerebrovascular disease is the third cause of death in the world, representing the most frequent cause of permanent disability in adults. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with cerebrovascular diseases in women. Methods: A case-control observational analytical study was carried out in 35 female patients diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease (cases) and another group of patients who did not have said condition (controls). The percentage was used as a summary measure of the qualitative variables. The ratio of cross products, the confidence interval and the chi-square test were determined, as well as the attributable risk in percentage exposed to identify the factors that were associated with the presence of the disease. Results: Hypercholesterolemia, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, inadequate nutritional habits, and the use of oral contraceptives were the most significant modifiable risk factors, with cross-product ratio values of 10.15, 9.08, and 8.17 and attributable risk in exposed of 90.1percent, 89percent, 87.8percent respectively. On the other hand, heart disease, hypertension and previous cerebrovascular disease were the most significant associated conditions with a ratio of cross products in exposed of 3.55 and 2.97 and attributable risk in exposed of 71.8 and 66.3percent, respectively. Conclusions: Modifiable risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, inadequate nutritional habits and the use of contraceptive methods increased the probability of suffering cerebrovascular disease in the women studied(AU)

A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY BETWEEN CLINICAL EXAMINATION, FOCUSSED ABDOMINAL SONOGRAM IN TRAUMA AND CT SCAN IN BLUNT INJURY ABDOMEN IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Aims and Objectives: Blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) accounts for the majority (80 percent) of abdominal injuries seen in the Emergency Department and is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It requires high degree of suspicion, investigation and management. The most commonly injured abdominal organs are liver and spleen. The aim of this study was to find etiology, early diagnosis and management of patients with blunt abdominal trauma based on clinical examination, FAST and CT scan. A retrospective study of 60 cases of blunt Abdominal trauma patients Methods: presenting to emergency and outpatient department of Surgery of Silchar Medical College and Hospital from September 2020 to September 2021 was done. Amongst the studied cases most Results: common age group involved was (21–30) years (28 cases). Liver was found to be the most common injured organ (22 cases) followed by bowel and spleen. FAST was the most commonly used investigation after blunt abdominal trauma. CT was used only in hemodynamically stable patients (19 cases). The most common intra-operative finding was Intestinal perforation and the most common surgery performed was the repair or resection and anastomosis of intestinal perforation. Most common mode of injury wa Conclusions: s road traffic accidents and predominantly, men were affected. Clinical examination alone is inadequate because patients may have altered mental status. Initial resuscitation followed by physical examination and monitoring of clinical parameters and FAST and computed tomography (CT) abdomen are very important to detect patients with minimal and clinically untraceable sign of abdominal injury. Rapid diagnosis, early timed referral, adequate and trained staff, careful monitoring, early decision to go for operative or nonoperative management can help save many lives.

Luxación del tendón tibial posterior oculta tras un esguince de tobillo: reporte de caso / Hidden posterior tibial tendon dislocation after ankle sprain: case report

Resumen: Introducción: la luxación traumática del tendón tibial posterior es una entidad poco frecuente que puede pasar desapercibida en nuestra práctica clínica habitual. Material y métodos: un hombre de 31 años, sin antecedentes médicos de interés, sufrió un accidente de tráfico de alta energía. Presentaba una luxación del tendón tibial posterior que pasó desapercibida. Tras un diagnóstico precoz se consiguió realizar una reparación primaria del retináculo flexor y se logró la reducción anatómica del tendón. Resultados: el paciente pudo retomar la actividad deportiva a los tres meses de la lesión con buen resultado funcional. Conclusiones: debemos sospechar esta entidad tras un traumatismo de alta energía con entorsis de tobillo. El tratamiento quirúrgico de esta lesión ofrece buenos resultados funcionales.

Abstract: Introduction: traumatic posterior tibial tendon dislocation is a rare entity that can go unnoticed in our usual clinical practice. Material and methods: a 31-year-old man, with no relevant medical history, suffered a high-energy traffic accident. He presented a dislocation of the posterior tibial tendon that went unnoticed. After an early diagnosis, a primary repair of the flexor retinaculum was performed and the anatomical reduction of the tendon was achieved. Results: the patient was able to resume sports activity three months after the injury with good functional results. Conclusions: we should suspect this entity after high-energy trauma with ankle sprains. Surgical treatment of this lesion offers good functional results.

Utilização do diário de quedas como ferramenta de monitoramento das quedas em pessoas com doença de Parkinson: uma revisão sistemática / Use of fall diary as a fall monitoring tool in people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review

As quedas em pessoas com Doença de Parkinson (DP) são fatores limitantes e incapacitantes, sua compreensão é complexa dada a natureza multifatorial. Neste contexto uma ferramenta, o diário de quedas, pode ser alternativa significante na compreensão deste evento. Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização do diário de quedas como ferramenta de monitoramento das quedas em pessoas com DP. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de literatura que teve a seguinte questão norteadora: o diário de quedas é uma ferramenta adequada para monitorar as quedas em pessoas com DP? A busca nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus e Cochrane Library foi realizada entre os meses de janeiro a março de 2022. A revisão foi registrada na plataforma PROSPERO sob o número de registro: CRD42018099127. Resultados: 192 estudos foram recuperados nas bases de dados, após adoção dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 6 estudos foram incluídos nesta revisão, a variável diário de quedas foi descrita sumariamente nos estudos analisados e extraído informações do que deveria conter em um diário de quedas. Conclusão: A análise permitiu concluir que os diários de quedas são ferramentas importantes para registro e compreensão do evento queda em pessoas com DP, no entanto, carecem de padronização

Falls in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) are limiting and disabling factors, their understanding is complex given their multifactorial nature. In this context, a tool, the fall diary, can be a significant alternative in understanding this event. Objective: Evaluate the use of the fall diary as a tool to monitor falls in people with PD. Methods: This is a systematic literature review that had the following guiding question: is the fall diary an adequate tool to monitor falls in people with PD? The search in Pubmed, Medline, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases was carried out between January and March 2022. The review was registered on the PROSPERO platform under registration number: CRD42018099127. Results: A total of 192 studies were retrieved from the databases, after adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 6 studies were included in this review, the daily variable of falls was briefly described in the analyzed studies and information was extracted from what it should contain in a falls diary. Conclusion: The analysis allowed us to conclude that fall diaries are important tools for recording and understanding the fall event in people with PD, however, they lack standardization

A segurança do paciente e a avaliação do risco de quedas / Patient safety and fall-risk assessment / Seguridad del paciente y evaluación de riesgo de caída

Objetivo: Avaliar os pacientes hospitalizados quanto ao risco de quedas. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado por meio da aplicação da escala de Morse e registros de prontuários. Realizou-se estatísticas descritivas e Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, adotando-se o nível de 5%. Resultados: Dos 244 participantes, 139 (57%) eram do sexo masculino, 86 (47,5%) idosos, 116 (47,5%) com companheiro, 112 (45,9%) pardos e 173 (70,9%) com baixa escolaridade. O risco de quedas foi associado ao histórico de quedas (p=0,000), diagnóstico secundário (p<0,001), deambulação (p=0,002), marcha (p<0,001) e estado mental (p<0,000). A maioria dos entrevistados 194 (79,5%) estão sob um risco moderado a alto de sofrer quedas da própria altura 37 (15,2%), ocorridas no quarto ou na enfermaria 38 (15,6%). Conclusão: Observou-se um risco moderado a alto para quedas nos pacientes hospitalizados, o que aponta para a necessidade de implementação de políticas de segurança do paciente para garantir a qualidade da assistência. (AU)

Objective: Assess hospitalized patients for the risk of falls. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out through the application of the Morse scale and medical records. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's Chi-square test were performed, adopting the 5% level. Results: Of the 244 participants, 139 (57%) were male, 86 (47.5%) elderly, 116 (47.5%) with a partner, 112 (45.9%) brown and 173 (70.9%) with low education level. The risk of falls was associated with a history of falls (p = 0.000), secondary diagnosis (p <0.001), walking (p = 0.002), gait (p <0.001) and mental status (p <0.000). Most respondents 194 (79.5%) are at moderate to high risk of suffering falls from their own height 37 (15.2%), in their bedroom or in the ward 38 (15.6%). Conclusion: There was a moderate to high risk for falls in hospitalized patients, which points to the need of implementing patient safety policies in order to guarantee quality of care. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar a los pacientes hospitalizados por el riesgo de caídas. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado a través de la aplicación de la escala Morse y registros médicos. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas y la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, adoptando el nivel del 5%. Resultados: De los 244 participantes, 139 (57%) eran hombres, 86 (47.5%) ancianos, 116 (47.5%) con una pareja, 112 (45.9%) marrones y 173 (70.9%) con baja educacion. El riesgo de caídas se asoció con antecedentes de caídas (p = 0.000), diagnóstico secundario (p <0.001), caminar (p = 0.002), marcha (p <0.001) y estado mental (p <0.000). La mayoría de los encuestados 194 (79.5%) tienen un riesgo moderado a alto de sufrir caídas desde su propia altura 37 (15.2%), ocurriendo en el dormitorio o en la sala 38 (15.6%). Conclusión: Hubo un riesgo moderado a alto de caídas en pacientes hospitalizados, lo que apunta a la necesidad de implementar políticas de seguridad del paciente para garantizar la calidad de la atención. (AU)

Domestic burns that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a descriptive cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Due to "stay at home" restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people spent more time at home leading to an increase in home accidents, including burns. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of burns that occurred within homes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This was a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sample. METHODS: Data were collected through the distribution of survey links on social networking sites and websites, and through email between December 2020 and February 2021. Participants were over 18 years of age, living in Brazil. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and dispersion statistics. RESULTS: A total of 939 adults (aged > 18 years) participated in this study. The mean age was 37.2 years (standard deviation [SD] = 12.5), 75.6% were female, 70.0% self-reported white skin color, 74% had completed higher education, and 28.1% had an income of 3 to 6 times the monthly minimum wage. A total of 21.6% suffered burns during the pandemic, 44.3% from a hot object. Approximately 49.3% never had access to a burn prevention campaign. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop burn prevention strategies that reach a wider population and to strengthen public policies to reduce the prevalence of domestic burns, especially during the pandemic.

Dispositivos anticaídas en cuidados intensivos pediátricos: descripción de una experiencia exitosa de innovación liderada por enfermería en un hospital de cuidado terciario en Colombia / Anti Falls Device in Pediatric Intensive Care: Description of a Successful Innovative Experience Led by Nursing Personnel in Tertiary Hospital Care in Colombia / Dispositivo antiqueda em terapia intensiva pediátrica: descrição de uma experiência bemsucedida de inovação liderada pela enfermagem em um hospital de cuidado terciário na Colômbia

Introducción. Las caídas son eventos adversos que ponen en riesgo la integridad de quien las sufre. A pesar de la evidencia limitada sobre su efectividad, se han implementado algunos dispositivos de limitación de movimiento restrictivos y no restrictivos para prevenir caídas en niños críticamente enfermos en cuidados intensivos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir el diseño de un arnés preventivo y no restrictivo de movimiento para caídas intrahospitalarias en niños denominado "canguro-anticaídas", creado por profesionales de enfermería en una unidad de cuidados intensivos cardiovasculares pediátricos de la Fundación Cardioinfantil ­ Instituto de Cardiología. Tema de reflexión. A través de un enfoque reflexivo se presenta una descripción del dispositivo, los materiales, el método de uso, el personal que lo administra, los criterios de elegibilidad, la implementación del dispositivo, el alcance y la percepción del personal y los familiares respecto a su uso. Conclusiones. La prevención de caídas en población pediátrica hospitalizada en unidades de cuidados intensivos es uno de los pilares de la seguridad del paciente. La construcción de un dispositivo anticaída aplicado a esta población es una estrategia novedosa diseñada por el personal de enfermería para responder a la mejora continua de la calidad de la atención institucional. Palabras clave: Niños; Accidentes por Caídas; Prevención de Accidentes; Profesionales de Enfermería Pediátrica; Restricción Física; Difusión de Innovaciones; Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico

Introduction. Falls are adverse events that risk the integrity of those who suffer from them. Despite the limited evidence of its effectiveness, some restrictive and non-restrictive movement limitation devices have been implemented to prevent falls in critically ill children in intensive care. This article aims to describe the design of a preventive and non-restrictive movement harness for intra-hospital falls in children called "kangaroo- antifall", created by nursing professionals in a pediatric cardiovascular intensive care unit at the Cardioinfantil Foundation-Cardiology Institute. Reflection topics. Through a reflective approach, a description of the device materials, method of use, personnel who administer it, eligibility criteria, implementation of the device, scope, and perception of personnel and family members regarding its use are presented. Conclusions. One pillar of patient safety is fall prevention in pediatric populations hospitalized in intensive care units. The construction of an anti-fall device applied to this population is an innovative strategy designed by nursing staff to answer the continuous quality improvement of institutional care. Keywords: Child; Accidental Falls; Accident Prevention; Pediatric Nurse Practitioners; Restraint, Physical; Diffusion of Innovation; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric

Introdução. As quedas são eventos adversos que colocam em risco a integridade de quem sofre. A pesar das evidências limitadas sobre a sua eficácia, alguns dispositivos restritivos e não restritivos de limitação de movimento foram implementados para prevenir quedas em crianças gravemente doentes em cuidados intensivos. Este manuscrito tem como objetivo descrever o desenho de um arnês preventivo e sem restrição de movimento para quedas intra-hospitalares em crianças denominado "canguru-proteção contra quedas", criado por profissionais de enfermagem de uma unidade de terapia intensiva cardiovascular pediátrica da Fundação Cardioinfantil ­ Instituto de Cardiología. Tema de reflexão. Através de uma abordagem reflexiva, são apresentadas a descrição do dispositivo, materiais, método de uso, pessoal que o administra, critérios de elegibilidade, implementação do dispositivo, abrangência e percepción do pessoal e familiares sobre seu uso. Conclusões. A prevenção de quedas em populações pediátricas internadas em unidades de cuidados intensivos é um dos pilares da segurança do paciente. A construção de um dispositivo anti-queda aplicado a esta população é uma nova estratégia desenhada pela equipe de enfermagem para responder à melhoria contínua na qualidade do atendimento institucional. Palavras-chave: Crianças; Acidentes por Quedas; Prevenção de Acidentes; Profissionais de Enfermagem Pediátrica; Restrição Física; Difusão de Inovações; Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica

A prática do kitesurf e as lesões relacionadas: uma revisão narrativa da literatura / Kitesurfing practice and related injuries: a narrative review of the literature

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão na literatura para caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico das lesões traumáticas provocadas pela prática dessa modalidade. Metodologia: realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura acerca das lesões decorrentes da prática esportiva do kitesurf na base de dados da Scielo, Ovid MEDLINE e Google Scholar de artigos de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2022. Resultados: foram eleitos 14 artigos que se ajustaram aos objetivos dessa revisão. Mediante análise dos artigos, foram encontradas discussões que direcionam os principais mecanismos de trauma, riscos de lesões, estruturas mais frequentemente acometidas e propostas para minimizar os danos e a recuperação. Conclusão: as lesões que podem acometer os praticantes deste esporte aquático, em sua maioria, são leves e principalmente nos membros inferiores; entretanto, podem ser letais, o que desperta a necessidade de maior investigação epidemiológica e clínica dos casos atendidos, bem como a adoção de medidas de prevenção.

Objective: the objective of this study is to conduct a literature review to characterize the epidemiological profile of traumatic injuries caused by the practice of this modality. Methods: a narrative review of the literature was carried out on injuries resulting from the practice of kitesurfing in the database of Scielo, Ovid MEDLINE, and Google Scholar articles from January 2000 to December 2022. Results: 14 articles were chosen that suited the objectives of this review. Through the analysis of the articles, discussions were found that guide the main mechanisms of trauma, risk of injuries, structures most frequently affected, and proposals to minimize damage and recovery. Conclusion: the injuries that can affect practitioners of this aquatic sport are mostly mild and mainly in the lower members; however, they can be lethal, which raises the need for further epidemiological and clinical investigation of the cases treated, as well as the adoption of measures of prevention.

Road traffic accident clinical pattern and management outcomes at JUMC Emergency Department; Ethiopia

Background: Road Traffic Accident is an incident on a way or street open to public traffic. It becomes one of the most significant public health problems in the world especially in developing countries. In Ethiopia, it represents a significant risk for morbidity and mortality. It is also the major public health problem even though studies done on this topic in the study area is limited. Objective: To assess clinical pattern, associated factors and management outcomes among road traffic accident Victims attending emergency department of Jimma University Medical Center. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study design was employed to review patients' chart visited the hospital from March to April 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was applied. The data were collected using pretested checklist and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were computed. Variables with P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: About 49.6%) were pedestrians injured of which motorcycle accounted 42.9%. More than half of victims never got any type of prehospital care. On arrival, 38.7% were classified as Red of which 71.4% of them were managed surgically. About 84.9% of victims were discharged with improvement whereas12.6% were died. Victims with head injury (AOR= 16.61: 95% CI; 3.85, 71.71), time elapsed to reach nearby health facility (AOR= 3.30; 95 CI (1.13, 9.60), condition of patient at Emergency Department (AOR= 7.78; 95% CI: 2.33, 26.06), GCS at admission (AOR= 20.12; 95% CI: 7.23, 55.96) and days spent in hospital (AOR= 6.85; 95% CI 5.81, 8.06) were independent predictors of unfavorable outcome. Conclusion: Road Traffic Accident represents a significant risk for morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia, of which head injury and multiple sites injury increase injury severity. Targeted approaches to improving care of the injured victims may improve outcomes. Thus, the clinician should take into consideration the clinical presentation and give due attention to the identified contributing factors in its management.