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Colorectal cancer （CRC） is a malignant tumor of the intestinal tract with changes in bowel habits， blood in the stool， and pain as the main clinical manifestations. With the change in lifestyle and diet structure in recent years， the incidence of CRC has been increasing year by year. The pathogenesis of CRC is closely related to abnormal immune response and chronic inflammation， intestinal microbial dysbiosis， and the production of oncogenic metabolites. There is a two-way communication between the intestinal microbiota and the body's immunity， which not only plays a key role in maintaining the body's health but also has a close relationship with the development of diseases. An increasing number of studies have shown that abnormal immune responses accelerate the disease process by producing inflammatory factors， causing chronic inflammation in the body， disrupting the intestinal mucosal barrier， and increasing mucosal permeability， thus resulting in dysbiosis of the intestinal microbial ecology and a large number of pathogenic microorganisms and their metabolites. In addition， dysbiosis of intestinal microbes， by suppressing the normal immune response， leads to the disruption of multiple metabolic pathways in the body， affecting the internal and external stress response of the intestine， inducing inflammation， and thus producing disease. Therefore， the complex crosstalk mechanism between the immune response and intestinal microbial axis is closely related to the development of CRC. Based on traditional Chinese medicine theory and clinical research， it was found that dietary factors are an important causative factor in the development of CRC. The deficiency of positive energy is the root cause of the disease， and damp-heat accumulation is the key pathogenesis. Through modern medical and biological research， it is believed that abnormal immune response is the microscopic manifestation of damp-heat entrapment， while intestinal microbial dysbiosis is the biological basis of toxic injection into the large intestine， and in the pathogenesis of CRC， the imbalance of immune response-intestinal microbial axis is compatible with damp-heat accumulation in traditional Chinese medicine. This study aims to explore the biological connotation of CRC due to damp-heat accumulation from the immune response-intestinal microbial axis， so as to interpret the pathogenesis of CRC due to damp-heat accumulation with objective data and provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the pathogenesis and treatment strategies of CRC due to damp-heat accumulation.
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To develop a traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） diagnostic scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus with turbid-toxin accumulation syndrome and to validate the performance of the scale. A candidate pool was established through literature review and expert consultation， and a clinical case information collection form was developed accordingly. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2021 to January 2022 were investigated， and 312 valid clinical case information collection forms were obtained， which were randomly divided into 235 cases in the study group and 77 cases in the validation group. Four statistical methods， namely， differentiation analysis， Cronbach's coefficient， correlation coefficient， and stepwise regression， were used to screen out the candidate items， and Logistic regression analysis and factor analysis were used to assign weights to the items， and the final diagnostic model was determined by the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， and the diagnostic thresholds were calculated for the Yoden index. The final TCM diagnostic scale for type 2 diabetes mellitus was composed of 8 items： turbid dirt coating （with a weight value of 23， the same below）， sticky stools （16）， fullness in the epigastrium and abdomen （12）， dark complexion （12）， irritability （11）， brown spots on the skin （11）， heaviness of head （10）， and chest stuffiness （5）， and the degree score was 0， 0.5， 1.0， and 1.5 points corresponding to no， mild， moderate and severe symptoms， respectively. The total score was the sum of the degree score multiplied by the weighted value of each item， and when the total score reached 33 points， it is diagnosed as the turbid-toxin accumulation syndrome. The established scale was tested and evaluated in the study group and the validation group， and the results showed that the sensitivity of the study group and the validation group was 89.38% and 89.47%， with the specificity of 95.90% and 89.74%， the Yoden index of 0.85 and 0.79， the positive predictive value of 95.28% and 89.47%， the negative predictive value of 90.70% and 89.74%， the diagnostic advantage ratios of 198.18 and 72.67， and the Kappa values of 0.86 and 0.79， which indicated that the TCM diagnostic scale for turbid-toxin accumulation syndrome of type 2 diabetes mellitus showed good diagnostic ability.
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Osteoporosis （OP） is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by bone microstructure degeneration and bone mass loss， which has a high prevalence and disability rate. Effective prevention and treatment of OP is a major difficulty in the medical community. The nature of OP is that multiple pathological factors lead to the imbalance of human bone homeostasis maintained by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic cell death pathway， and its fundamental cause is cell damage caused by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Studies have shown that ferroptosis is involved in and affects the occurrence and development of OP， which leads to OP by mediating the imbalance of bone homeostasis. Ferroptosis is an adjustable form of programmed cell death. The intervention of ferroptosis can regulate the damage degree and death process of osteoblasts and osteoclasts， which is beneficial to maintain bone homeostasis， slow down the development process of OP， improve the clinical symptoms of patients， reduce the risk of disability， and improve their quality of life. However， there are few studies on ferroptosis in OP. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is a medical treasure with unique characteristics and great application value in China. It has been widely used in China and has a long history. It has the multi-target and multi-pathway advantages in the treatment of OP， with high safety， few toxic and side effects， and low treatment cost， and has a significant effect in clinical application. The intervention of TCM in ferroptosis to regulate bone homeostasis may be a new direction for the prevention and treatment of OP in the future. This article summarized the regulatory mechanisms related to ferroptosis， discussed the role of ferroptosis in bone homeostasis， and reviewed the current status and progress of active ingredients in TCM compounds and monomers in the regulation of OP through ferroptosis， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the participation of TCM in the prevention and treatment of OP in the future.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of modified Houpo Dahuangtang in moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS） patients with phlegm-heat accumulation，and monitor the pulmonary ventilation changes of patients before and after treatment by electrical impedance tomography（EIT）. MethodThe 62 cases of moderate and severe ARDS patients with phlegm-heat accumulation who required mechanical ventilation in the department of intensive care unit （ICU） in Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2021 to June 2022 were selected，and divided into an experimental group（31 cases）and a control group（31 cases）using a random number table. On the basis of regular Western medicine treatment，the experimental group received modified Houpo Dahuangtang and the control group received warm water by a nasogastric tube for seven days. The changes in the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM），the oxygenation index［arterial oxygen partial pressure （PaO2）/fractional inspired oxygen（FiO2），P/F］，lactic acid（Lac），acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ（APACHE Ⅱ） score，compliance，plateau pressure，gas distribution parameters monitored by EIT（Z1，Z2，Z3 and Z4），inflammatory factors［interleukin-6 （IL-6），IL-10， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and C-reactive protein （CRP）］ of both groups before and after treatment were recorded. Besides， the mechanical ventilation time， length of stay in ICU， 28-day mortality and incidence of adverse reactions（delirium，abdominal pain and diarrhea）in the two groups were also observed. ResultThere was no significant difference in the baseline indexes of patients in the two groups，and thus the two groups were comparable. After treatment for one week， the total effective rate for TCM syndromes in the experimental group was 90.30%（28/31）， higher than the 67.74%（21/31）in the control group（Z=-2.415，P<0.05）.Compared with the same group before treatment， the plateau pressure and Lac decreased （P<0.01）and the compliance and P/F increased （P<0.01） in experimental group， while the Lac decreased （P<0.05）and the P/F increased （P<0.05）， and the compliance and plateau pressure did not change significantly in the control group. After treatment，the plateau pressure and inflammatory factors in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group（P<0.05）， but the compliance and P/F in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）， and the gas distribution parameters Z1，Z2，Z3，Z4，Z1+Z2，and Z3+Z4 monitored by EIT in the experimental group were all higher than those in the control group （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in mechanical ventilation time， ICU hospitalization time， 28-day mortality， delirium， abdominal pain， diarrhea and other adverse reactions between the two groups. ConclusionModified Houpo Dahuangtang can significantly improve the P/F，pulmonary ventilation in gravity-dependent regions and pulmonary compliance，reduce the release of inflammatory factors in moderate and severe ARDS patients. Compared with conventional methods，EIT can timely monitor the pulmonary ventilation changes in ARDS patients，which suggests its clinical feasibility.
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ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of Gandou decoction in treating Wilson's disease （WD） with dampness heat accumulation accompanied by rapid eye movement （REM） sleep behavior disorder （RBD）. MethodFrom April 2019 to August 2023，62 patients with dampness heat accumulation type WD accompanied by RBD who met the inclusion criteria were selected from the Department of Encephalopathy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine. They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group with 31 cases each using a computer distributor. The control group received routine copper removal treatment，while the observation group received additional treatment with Gandou decoction on the basis of the control group. Eight days was one course of treatment，totaling three courses. The scores of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes，RBD screening questionnaire （RBDSQ） scores，RBD questionnaire-Hong Kong （RBDQ-HK） scores，polysomnography （PSG） parameters，24-hour urine copper （24 h U-Cu） levels，and non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper （NCC） levels between the two groups before and after treatment were compared，and adverse reactions were observed. ResultSixty trial cases were ultimately completed，with 30 cases in each group. Before treatment，there was no statistically significant difference in various indicators between the two groups， and thus they were comparable. Compared with those before treatment，the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores，RBDSQ scores and RBDQ-HK scores of the two groups were significantly reduced，the 24 h U-Cu levels were significantly increased，and the NCC levels were significantly reduced （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the control group， the observation group showed better improvement in traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores， RBDSQ scores， RBDQ-HK scores， and NCC levels （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with those before treatment，the total sleep time （TST），sleep efficiency （SE），sleep/REM latency，the proportion of N1/N2/REM stages，arousal index （ARI），and proportion of phasic electromyographic activity （P-EMG-A） were significantly improved in both groups （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment，the observation group showed more significant improvements in the proportion of TST，SE，REM stages，ARI，and P-EMG-A proportion （P<0.05）. ConclusionGandou decoction can not only improve the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of WD patients with dampness heat accumulation accompanied by RBD but also alleviate their RBD symptoms.
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Fundamento: Las alteraciones del estado nutricional materno generalmente se relacionan con desviaciones del crecimiento fetal, que pueden detectarse por los parámetros biofísicos fetales e identifican la posible condición trófica al nacer. Objetivo: Determinar la posible relación entre los parámetros biométricos fetales, la condición trófica al nacer y el producto de acumulación de los lípidos. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal en el Policlínico Chiqui Gómez Lubian del municipio Santa Clara, durante el año 2019, en una población de 253 gestantes normopeso supuestamente sanas al inicio de la gestación. La muestra no probabilística fue de 144 gestantes. Las variables de estudio fueron: producto de acumulación de los lípidos, biometría fetal y condición trófica al nacer. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos. Resultados: En el segundo trimestre ningún parámetro biométrico coincidió con la condición al nacer de pequeño, mientras que para el grande coincidieron las circunferencias cefálica y abdominal. En el tercer trimestre la longitud del fémur y la circunferencia abdominal coinciden en la identificación del pequeño y del grande. El PAL se correlacionó con la circunferencia abdominal del tercer trimestre y con el peso al nacer; presentando mayor frecuencia de valores en el tercer tertil para los nacimientos grandes. Conclusiones: La circunferencia abdominal fue el parámetro biométrico con mayor coincidencia con la condición trófica al nacer, la que se asoció con valores en el tercer tertil del PAL para la detección de nacimientos grandes, relacionándose el fenotipo normopeso metabólicamente obeso con el crecimiento fetal por exceso.
Background: Maternal nutritional status disorders are usually related to fetal growth deviations, which can be detected by fetal biophysical parameters and identify the possible trophic condition at birth. Objective: To determine the possible relationship between fetal biometric parameters, the birth trophic state and lipid accumulation product. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Chiqui Gómez Lubian Polyclinic in Santa Clara municipality, during 2019, in a population of 253 normal-weight pregnant women who were apparently healthy at the beginning of their gestation. The non-probability sample was made up of 144 pregnant women. Study variables were: lipid accumulation product, fetal biometry and trophic condition at birth. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used. Results: In the second trimester, none of the biometric parameters matched the condition at birth as a small child, while in the large one the head and abdominal circumferences matched. In the third trimester, femoral length and abdominal circumference coincide in identifying the small one and the large one. LAP correlated with third trimester abdominal circumference and birth weight, presenting higher frequency of values in the third tertile for large births. Conclusions: Abdominal circumference was the biometric parameter with the highest coincidence with trophic condition at birth, associated with values in the third tertile of the LAP for detecting large births, relating the metabolically obese normal weight phenotype with excessive fetal growth.
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Recém-Nascido , Biometria , Idade Gestacional , Peso Fetal , Desenvolvimento Fetal , Produto da Acumulação LipídicaRESUMO
The occurrence of obesity has increased across the whole world. Many epidemiological studies have indicated that obesity strongly contributes to the development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, liver diseases and other disorders, accounting for a heavy burden on the public and on health-care systems every year. Excess energy uptake induces adipocyte hypertrophy, hyperplasia and formation of visceral fat in other non-adipose tissues to evoke cardiovascular disease, liver diseases. Adipose tissue can also secrete adipokines and inflammatory cytokines to affect the local microenvironment, induce insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and activate associated inflammatory signaling pathways. This further exacerbates the development and progression of obesity-associated diseases. Although some progress in the treatment of obesity has been achieved in preclinical and clinical studies, the progression and pathogenesis of obesity-induced diseases are complex and unclear. We still need to understand their links to better guide the treatment of obesity and associated diseases. In this review, we review the links between obesity and other diseases, with a view to improve the future management and treatment of obesity and its co-morbidities.
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Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a kind of degenerative disease, also described as "invisible killer." Estrogen is generally considered as the key hormone for women to maintain bone mineral content during their lives. Iron accumulation refers to a state of human serum ferritin that is higher than the normal value but less than 1000 μg/L. It has been found that iron accumulation and osteoporosis could occur simultaneously with the decrease in estrogen level after menopause. In recent years, many studies indicated that iron accumulation plays a vital role in postmenopausal osteoporosis, and a significant correlation has been found between iron accumulation and fragility fractures. In this review, we summarize and analyze the relevant literature including randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses between January 1996 and July 2022. We investigate the mechanism of the effect of iron accumulation on bone metabolism and discuss the relationship of iron accumulation, osteoporosis, and postmenopausal fragility fractures, as well as the main clinical treatment strategies. We conclude that it is necessary to pay attention to the phenomenon of iron accumulation in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and explore the in-depth mechanism of abnormal bone metabolism caused by iron accumulation, in order to facilitate the discovery of effective therapeutic targets for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Humanos , Feminino , Fraturas por Osteoporose , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/tratamento farmacológico , Pós-Menopausa , Osteoporose , Densidade Óssea , Estrogênios , Ferro/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical respiratory syndrome with limited effective interventions. Lung macrophages play a critical role in the pathogenesis of abnormal inflammatory response in the syndrome. Recently, impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO), one of the key lipid metabolic signalings, was found to participate in the onset and development of various lung diseases, including ALI/ARDS. Lipid/fatty acid contents within mouse lungs were quantified using the Oil Red O staining. The protective effect of FAO activator L-carnitine (Lca, 50, 500, or 5 mg/mL) was evaluated by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), ELISA, immunoblotting, fluorescence imaging, and fluorescence plate reader detection in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/mL)-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages. The in vivo efficacy of Lca (300 mg/kg) was determined in a 10 mg/kg LPS-induced ALI mouse model. We found for the first time that lipid accumulation in pulmonary macrophages was significantly increased in a classical ALI murine model, which indicated disrupted FAO induced by LPS. Lca showed potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on THP-1 derived macrophages upon LPS stimulation. Mechanistically, Lca was able to maintain FAO, mitochondrial activity, and ameliorate mitochondrial dynamics. In the LPS-induced ALI mouse model, we further discovered that Lca inhibited neutrophilic inflammation and decreased diffuse damage, which might be due to the preservation of mitochondrial homeostasis. These results broadened our understanding of ALI/ARDS pathogenesis and provided a promising drug candidate for this syndrome.
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Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o processo de ascensão da extrema-direita no Brasil, que culmina na vitória de Bolsonaro, e seu significado para a dinâmica de acumulação do capital. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa tem natureza qualitativa, de cunho bibliográfico, fundamentada no materialismo histórico-dialético, o qual permite capturar as múltiplas determinações do objeto sob um prisma de totalidade. Aponta como resultado que o bolsonarismo reatualiza a via autocrática de transformação capitalista no país, de modo a ajustar a dinâmica interna aos interesses de acumulação global do capital.
Abstract: This article aims to discuss the process of rise of the extreme right in Brazil, which culminates in Bolsonaro's victory, and its meaning for the dynamics of capital accumulation. In methodological terms, the research has a qualitative nature, of a bibliographic nature, based on historical-dialectic materialism, which allows capturing the multiple determinations of the object from a perspective of totality. It points out as a result that Bolsonarism re-updates the autocratic path of capitalist transformation in the country in order to adjust the internal dynamics to the interests of global capital accumulation.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Yishen tongluo formula （YSTLF） in improving abnormal lipid metabolism based on the sterol regulatory element binding proteins （SREBPs） pathway. METHODS Using C57BLKS/J （db/db） mice as model and C57BLKS/J （db/m） mice as normal control， the mechanism of 1， 2.5 and 5 g/kg YSTLF improving abnormal lipid metabolism of db/db mice was investigated by determining the liver coefficient， the contents of serum total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL） and high-density lipoprotein （HDL）， observing steatosis and lipid accumulation in liver tissue of mice， detecting the protein expressions of SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 as well as mRNA transcription levels of Srebp- 1c， Srebp-2 and their downstream lipid metabolism-related target genes （Fasn， Acc1， Scd5， Fads1， Hmgcr， Dhcr24， Insig-1， Fdps） in liver tissue of mice. Using low-fat cultured human liver cancer cell HepG2 as an in vitro cell model for abnormal lipid metabolism， and 25-HC （SREBPs inhibitor， 10 μmol/L） as the control， the effects of 125， 250 and 500 μg/mL YSTLF on protein expressions of SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 as well as mRNA transcription of SREBP-1c， SREBP-2 and their downstream lipid metabolism-related target genes were investigated to verify the mechanism in vitro. RESULTS 1， 2.5， 5 g/kg YSTLF significantly reduced the levels of TC， TG and LDL， the percentage of lipid droplet-positive region in liver tissue and liver coefficient， significantly down-regulated protein expressions of Pre-SREBP-1， n-SREBP-1， Pre-SREBP-2 and n-SREBP-2， and mRNA transcription of Srebp-1c， Srebp-2 and their downstream target genes in liver tissue， while significantly increased HDL level， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. In the cell experiment in vitro， the expressions of the above-mentioned proteins and genes in the cells treated with YSTLF at 125， 250 and 500 μg/mL for 24 hours were consistent with those in the animal experiment； there was no significant difference in the expressions of the above-mentioned proteins and genes between inhibitor control group and 250， 500 μg/mL YSTLF groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS YSTLF can regulate the expression of transcription factor SREBPs， so as to inhibit the high expression of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis-related genes， promote the degradation of TC and TG， improve the abnormality of lipid metabolism and inhibit lipid accumulation， thus playing the role of lipid-lowering.
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Iron (Fe) deficiency and excess cadmium (Cd) in rice grain are important problems to be solved in agricultural production. Previous studies have shown that OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 are vacuolar iron transporters. In this study, wild-type ZH11 was selected as the background material and OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 were overexpressed in endosperm by using endosperm specific promoter Glb-1. Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 overexpression on Fe and Cd accumulation in different parts of rice. The results showed that OsVIT1 overexpression in endosperm significantly reduced Fe content in grain by about 50%, while significantly increased zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) contents in straw and Cu content in grain. OsVIT2 overexpression in endosperm significantly decreased Fe and Cd contents in grain by about 50%, and significantly increased Fe content in straw by 45%-120%. Overexpression of OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 in endosperm did not affect the agronomic traits of rice. In conclusion, OsVIT1 and OsVIT2 overexpression in endosperm reduced Fe accumulation in rice grain, which did not achieve the expected effect. OsVIT2 overexpression in endosperm also decreased Cd accumulation in grain and increased Fe accumulation in straw, which provided reference for iron biofortification and cadmium reduction in rice.
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Cádmio , Endosperma/química , Oryza/genética , Ferro , Zinco , Grão Comestível , Poluentes do SoloRESUMO
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of modified Gualou Zhishitang combined with piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium on the immune function and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines in the patients with stroke-associated pneumonia （SAP， syndrome of phlegm-heat accumulation in lung）. MethodEighty SAP patients with the syndrome of phlegm-heat accumulation in lung were randomized into a control group （40 cases） and a study group （40 cases）. The SAP patients in the control group were treated with piperacillin sodium and tazobtam sodium， while those in the study group were treated with modified Gualou Zhishitang on the basis of the treatment in the control group for 2 consecutive weeks. The clinical therapeutic effects， immune function indexes， inflammation indexes， and lung function of SAP patients in the two groups before and after treatment were determined and compared. ResultAfter treatment， the scores of lesion， pulmonary rales， cough， fever， phlegm color， and constipation in both groups decreased （P<0.05）. After treatment， the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced expiratory volume （FEV1/FVC） and forced expiratory volume in the first second as percentage of predicted value（FEV1%） in both groups improved （P<0.05）， and the study group outperformed the control group （P<0.05）. The treatment decreased the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio （NLR） in the two groups （P<0.05）， and the study group had lower NLR than the control group after treatment （P<0.05）. The serum levels of procalcitonin （PCT） and hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） in both groups declined after treatment （P<0.05）， and the declines were more significant in the study group than in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the study group was better than the control group （P<0.05）. The treatment in both groups elevated the levels of CD3+， CD4+， and CD4+/CD8+ in the peripheral blood and lowered the level of CD8+ （P<0.05）， and the changes were more significant in the study group than in the control group （P<0.05）. The total response rate of the study group was 95.00% （38/40）， which was higher than that （80.00%， 32/40） of the control group （χ2=4.114，P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. ConclusionModified Gualhou Zhishitang combined with piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium demonstrates a significant therapeutic effect on the SAP patients with the syndrome of phlegm-heat accumulation in lung. This therapy can mitigate the clinical symptoms， improve the lung function， lower the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines， and improve the immune capacity， with high safety.
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Objective To explore the association of (cardiometabolic index , CMI ) and ( lipid accumulation product , LAP ) with the prevalence of hypertension in adults in Pingshan District, Shenzhen, and to evaluate the predictive value of CMI and LAP for the prevalence of hypertension. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted, in which 1000 permanent residents aged 18-69 years in Pingshan District, Shenzhen were randomly selected as survey subjects. The data were collected using questionnaires, physical measurements and blood tests, and the relationship between CMI, LAP and hypertension prevalence was analyzed using logistic regression models. Results A total of 987 subjects were included in the analysis, including 471 (47.72%) males and 516 (52.28%) females, with an average age of 40.9 ± 11.1 years. Subjects of different genders were divided into groups Q1 to Q4 according to quartiles of CMI and LAP, and the prevalence of hypertension increased with increasing levels of CMI and LAP in both men and women (P for trend < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for variables such as age and occupation, the OR for hypertension was 1.251 (1.025-1.526) and 1.685 (1.001-2.836) for men and women, respectively, for each standard deviation increase in CMI; the OR for hypertension was 3.519 (1.343-9.222) for men in the Q4 group, compared to the CMI subgroup Q1. For each standard deviation increase in LAP, the ORs for hypertension were 1.355 (1.089-1.686) and 1.825 (1.023-3.254) for men and women, respectively; compared to LAP subgroup Q1, the ORs for hypertension in the male Q3 and Q4 groups were 2.554 (1.103-5.909) and 5.322 (2.393-11.834), while the OR for hypertension in the female Q4 group was 2.906 (1.096-7.703). ROC analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for CMI, LAP, and BMI was 0.671, 0.704, and 0.702 for males, and 0.660, 0.722, and 0.697 for females, respectively. The AUC for LAP was greater than that for CMI for different genders (P < 0.01). Conclusion The greater the CMI and LAP values in adults in Pingshan District, Shenzhen , the higher the prevalence of hypertension. CMI and LAP have certain values in predicting the prevalence of hypertension.
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Objective:To understand the relationship between lipid accumulation product (LAP) and hyperuricemia in physical examination population.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. The analysis was based on baseline data from a retrospective cohort study. Total of 44 294 people who received physical examination in the Health Management Center of Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January to December 2012 were selected as subjects with whole-group sampling method. All the subjects aged ≥18 years with complete study variables. The minimum waist circumference of the subjects was calculated to determine the criteria for calculating LAP in those population. With LAP as the observed variable and hyperuricemia as the outcome variable, LAP was divided into four groups according to the interquartile interval (Q 1-Q 4 groups): group Q 1<10.56 cm·mmol/L, 10.56 cm·mmol/L≤Q 2<20.79 cm·mmol/L, 20.79 cm·mmol/L≤Q 3<38.94 cm·mmol/L, Q 4≥38.94 cm·mmol/L. Five models were constructed with logistic regression analysis. No confounding factors was adjusted in Model 1, model 2 was adjusted for age and gender; and model 3 was further adjusted for body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, creatinine and glomerular filtration rate; model 4 was further adjusted education level, occupation, health insurance, smoking, drinking, diet scores and physical exercise; model 5 was further adjusted the family history of gout, diabetes and hypertension. And the relationship between different LAP levels and hyperuricemia was analyzed. Results:In this study, the minimum waist circumference in the physical examination population was 58 cm and 53 cm for men and women, respectively. The total incidence of hyperuricemia was 13.4% in this population, 5.94% for women and 19.40% for men. When the confounding factors were not adjusted (model 1), the risk of hyperuricemia in women′s LAP Q 2 to Q 4 groups was 1.76 times (95% CI: 1.42-2.17), 5.08 times (95% CI: 4.20-6.14) and 12.58 times (95% CI: 10.43-15.18), and it was 1.68 times (95% CI: 1.43-1.96), 2.74 times (95% CI: 2.36-3.18), and 5.32 times (95% CI: 4.62-6.14) in men, respectively. After gender stratification and adjustment for confounding factors (model 5), the risk still existed, compared with that in Q 1 group of LAP, the risk of hyperuricemia in women in Q 4 group was 8.28 times higher (95% CI: 2.50-27.38) and 3.31 times higher in men (95% CI: 1.57-6.95). Conclusion:The risk of hyperuricemia in health examination population increases with LAP, especially in women.
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OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a progressive neurological disease.Given the important role of gut microbiota composition in AD pathology,the observed perturbation in the microbiota composition and diversity may serve as the mechanisms underlying age-dependent APP/PS1/tau triple-transgenic mouse(3×Tg-AD)mice amyloid deposition and memory deficits.Here-in,we intended to investigate the gut microbiota and as-sessed its relationship with the triggering and develop-ment of cognitive impairment of AD.METHODS This study involves the comparative assessment of spatial learning,amyloid β-protein(Aβ)accumulation,and fecal microbiota alterations in 3×Tg-AD mice from three age groups:AD asymptomatic stage(3 m),presymptomatic stage(6 m),and the symptomatic stage of AD(9 m).RE-SULTS We demonstrate that spatial memory deficits,brain Aβ accumulation,and weight gain in 3×Tg-AD mice gradually appear after 6 months of age.However,the total gut bacterial counts underwent changes from 3 to 6 months of age and were further altered at 9 months of age.Importantly,changes in gut bacteria abundance of Desulfobacterota and Actinobacteriota phylain 6-month-old mice preceded apparent spatial memory deficits.CONCLUSION Changes in the gut microbial community are one of the mechanisms of early AD pathology.
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Intestinal flora imbalance and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism are important risk factors and pathological mechanisms of colorectal polyps. "Spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation" is the core pathogenesis of colorectal polyps. The imbalance of intestinal flora is related to spleen deficiency, and the application of Chinese herbs for invigorating spleen is helpful to the recovery of intestinal flora balance. Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism is related to dampness accumulation, and it is effective to treat it with bitter and spicy herbs or spleen-invigorating and dampness-eliminating herbs. The interaction between intestinal flora imbalance and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism changes intestinal microenvironment, damages intestinal epithelial cells, causes abnormal proliferation of intestinal stem cells and leads to colorectal polyps, which is consistent with the pathogenesis of spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Thus, we tried to explore the biological connotation of the pathogenesis of "spleen deficiency and dampness accumulation" of colorectal polyps from the perspective of the interaction of intestinal flora and glucose and lipid metabolism, in order to provide reference for identifying high-risk population and analyzing the therapeutic mechanism of compound prescription for invigorating spleen and removing dampness.
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Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death different from other cell death pathways such as apoptosis,autophagy,necrosis,and pyroptosis in terms of initiation,mechanisms,and molecular characteristics.As the accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides is the hallmark of ferroptosis,the balance between oxidative damage and antioxidant defense is critical to the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis.In cancer,the upregulation of antioxidant defense pathways can inhibit ferroptosis,thereby promoting cancer cells to survive the oxidative stress and develop drug resistance.This review systematically introduces the main features and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis.In addition,we summarize the role of ferroptosis in the progression and drug resistance of malignant tumors,providing novel implications for further research on the pathogenesis of malignant tumors and discovery of new targets for anti-cancer therapy.
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Humanos , Ferroptose , Antioxidantes , Apoptose , Neoplasias , AutofagiaRESUMO
Microglia, the main immune macrophages in the central nervous system, can be highly involved in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease(AD)through microglia polarization and receptor protein expression. Traditional Chinese Medicine has been demonstrated to have regulatory effects on MG. Many active components in Traditional Chinese herbs play important roles in decreasing β-amyloid peptide(Aβ)accumulation, inhibiting neuro-inflammation and regulating microglia polarization etc. In this study the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of AD and the mechanism by which Traditional Chinese Medicine regulating microglia are reviewed to provide a reference for the treatment of AD.
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Aim To investigate the effect of echinatin on the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model of free fatty acids ( FFA) -induced HepG2 cells and its mechanism. Methods The experimental groups were divided into control group, FFA model group and echinatin group (0.3 , 1, 3 μmol • L