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OBJECTIVE@#To study the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of the polysaccharide of Alocasia cucullata (PAC) and the underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#B16F10 and 4T1 cells were cultured with PAC of 40 µg/mL, and PAC was withdrawn after 40 days of administration. The cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8. The expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 proteins were detected by Western blot and the expressions of ERK1/2 mRNA were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A mouse melanoma model was established to study the effect of PAC during long-time administration. Mice were divided into 3 treatment groups: control group treated with saline water, positive control group (LNT group) treated with lentinan at 100 mg/(kg·d), and PAC group treated with PAC at 120 mg/(kg·d). The pathological changes of tumor tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The apoptosis of tumor tissues was detected by TUNEL staining. Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expressions of ERK1/2, JNK1 and p38 mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#In vitro, no strong inhibitory effects of PAC were found in various tumor cells after 48 or 72 h of administration. Interestingly however, after 40 days of cultivation under PAC, an inhibitory effect on B16F10 cells was found. Correspondingly, the long-time administration of PAC led to downregulation of Bcl-2 protein (P<0.05), up-regulation of Caspase-3 protein (P<0.05) and ERK1 mRNA (P<0.05) in B16F10 cells. The above results were verified by in vivo experiments. In addition, viability of B16F10 cells under long-time administration culture in vitro decreased after drug withdrawal, and similar results were also observed in 4T1 cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Long-time administration of PAC can significantly inhibit viability and promote apoptosis of tumor cells, and had obvious antitumor effect in tumor-bearing mice.
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Camundongos , Animais , Alocasia/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Apoptose , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismoRESUMO
Resumen Se describirán y verán imágenes de 3 especies vegetales tóxicas (Asclepia, Alocasia y Ricino) comunes de encontrar en paisajes urbanos (jardines, parques, terrenos baldíos, viveros). Por su apariencia atractiva y accesibilidad resultan en contactos o ingestas accidentales en niños, incluso en animales domésticos. Sus principios activos pueden causar cuadros clínicos de variable severidad. Resulta importante la identificación de estas especies para facilitar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento a la hora de la consulta.
Abstract Images of 3 toxic plant species (Asclepia, Alocasia and Castor) that are common to be found in urban landscapes (gardens, parks, vacant lots, plant shops or greenhouses) will be described and seen. Due to their attractive appearance and accessibility, they result in accidental contact or ingestion in children, even in domestic animals. Its xenobiotics can cause poisonings of variable severity. It is important to identify these species to facilitate diagnosis and treatment at the time of consultation.
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The rhizome of giant taro (Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott), which is a highly adaptable wild plant, is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In the current study, the antiproliferative constituents of giant taro were investigated and six new (1-6) and four known piperidine alkaloids (7-10) were isolated from its rhizomes. Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods and the Mosher ester method. The isolated alkaloids were screened for the antiproliferative activity through MTT assay. The results indicated that piperidine alkaloids exerted potential antiproliferative activity against HepG2, AGS and MCF-7 tumor cells. Further researches showed that compounds 3-5 dose-dependently decreased the colony formation rate and induced the apoptosis of AGS cells, while compound 4 induced AGS cell death via the proapoptotic pathway. This study demonstrates that the piperidine alkaloids isolated from giant taro exhibit significant antitumor activity, which provides phytochemical evidence for further development and utilization.
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Humanos , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Alocasia/química , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Plantas , Rizoma/químicaRESUMO
Alocasia indica is perennial herb growing widely and used as traditional medicine in India, China and Bangladesh. The divine herb has potent medicinal values for the treatment of different type of illnesses. The HPTLC techniques were used to separate active components from ethanolic extract of tuber part of A. indica. This examination was intended to designed a HPTLC fingerprint profile of crude extract of the plant in ethanol. A HPTLC method for the isolation of various active constituents in A. indica ethanolic extract have been developed and solvent system for quercetin the mobile phase used was toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (5:2:1) and for analysis of β-sitosterol the mobile phase used was chloroform: ethyl acetate: formic acid (6:4:1) . In the present investigation, HPTLC fingerprint of extract of dried tuber part of A. indica have been performed and the results demonstrated that important information for standardization. The HPTLC system for routine quality control of present species can be used for ethanolic extract and serve in qualitative, quantitative and was appropriate for standardization of the plant.
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Objective: To investigate the wound-healing effect of Alocasia longiloba (A. longiloba) petiole extract on wounds in rats.Methods: Twenty-two male Sprague-dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive 10％ solcoseryl gel, phosphate buffer saline, 50％ ethanol, 95％ ethanol and hexane extracts of A. longiloba at 1.5％, 3％ and 6％ doses, respectively. A full thicknesses wound (6 mm) was created on the dorsal of the rat; and all rats were applied with the extract solutions, 10％ solcoseryl gel and phosphate buffer saline once a day topically until day 12. The wound was photographed on day 1, 6 and 12, and the percentage of wound contraction was calculated. On day 12, rats were sacrificed and histological examination of granulation tissue was carried out using haematoxylin & eosin and Masson's Trichrome stain to determine the wound healing effect.Results: In this study, 6％ of 50％ and 95％ ethanol extracts of A. longiloba showed 82.50％ and 82.32％ wound contraction, respectively, and were comparable with 10％ solcoseryl gel (82.30％). Meanwhile, phosphate buffer saline treated group showed the lowest wound contraction (69.86％). Histological assessment of wound treated with 6％ of 95％ ethanol extract of A. longiloba showed distinct epidermal and dermal layer, higher proliferation of fibroblast and more angiogenesis with collagen compared to other wound treated groups. Conclusions: A. longiloba petiole extracts have a wound healing potential and 6％ of 95％ ethanol extract of A. longiloba is more effective. Further studies are required to understand the wound healing mechanism of action of the extract.
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Objective: To investigate the wound-healing effect of Alocasia longiloba (A. longiloba) petiole extract on wounds in rats. Methods: Twenty-two male Sprague-dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive 10% solcoseryl gel, phosphate buffer saline, 50% ethanol, 95% ethanol and hexane extracts of A. longiloba at 1.5%, 3% and 6% doses, respectively. A full thicknesses wound (6 mm) was created on the dorsal of the rat; and all rats were applied with the extract solutions, 10% solcoseryl gel and phosphate buffer saline once a day topically until day 12. The wound was photographed on day 1, 6 and 12, and the percentage of wound contraction was calculated. On day 12, rats were sacrificed and histological examination of granulation tissue was carried out using haematoxylin & eosin and Masson's Trichrome stain to determine the wound healing effect. Results: In this study, 6% of 50% and 95% ethanol extracts of A. longiloba showed 82.50% and 82.32% wound contraction, respectively, and were comparable with 10% solcoseryl gel (82.30%). Meanwhile, phosphate buffer saline treated group showed the lowest wound contraction (69.86%). Histological assessment of wound treated with 6% of 95% ethanol extract of A. longiloba showed distinct epidermal and dermal layer, higher proliferation of fibroblast and more angiogenesis with collagen compared to other wound treated groups. Conclusions: A. longiloba petiole extracts have a wound healing potential and 6% of 95% ethanol extract of A. longiloba is more effective. Further studies are required to understand the wound healing mechanism of action of the extract.
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OBJECTIVE@#To assess the complete nutritional profile and identification of bioactive components present in the hydro-ethanolic extract of Alocasia indica tuber.@*METHODS@#The proximate composition and vitamins were assessed from fresh tissue while mineral content was detected from the ash using inductively coupled plasma atomic spectrophotometer. For gas chromatography analysis, the tubers were shade dried and extracted with ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus for 72 h. The extract was dried using rotary evaporator and analyzed for active components.@*RESULTS@#The tuber was rich in carbohydrate, but marginal in protein content. However, it showed moderate amount of dietary crude fibre, very low fat content and sufficient source of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. The tuber was also found to contain all the essential micro and macro mineral elements. It especially served as a good source of potassium and calcium while moderate source of iron, zinc and magnesium. Gas chromatography analysis also revealed the presence of several components of biological value in the ethanolic fraction of the extract. The extract was basically found to be a good source of poly-unsaturated fatty acids and some amount of polyphenols.@*CONCLUSIONS@#All the major compounds identified and characterized by spectroscopic method were of biological significance. Besides, the tuber also possesses high calorific value and source for low fat and moderate dietary fibre which is essential for maintaining proper health. Moreover, the mineral content of the tuber can be used as supplement for combating malnutrition especially among rural folk and the vitamin content can serve as good source of natural antioxidant. Thus identification of a good number of important compounds from Alocasia indica tubers can focus on its use for future therapeutic purpose apart from maintaining general health.
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Objective: To assess the complete nutritional profile and identification of bioactive components present in the hydro-ethanolic extract of Alocasia indica tuber. Methods: The proximate composition and vitamins were assessed from fresh tissue while mineral content was detected from the ash using inductively coupled plasma atomic spectrophotometer. For gas chromatography analysis, the tubers were shade dried and extracted with ethanol using Soxhlet apparatus for 72 h. The extract was dried using rotary evaporator and analyzed for active components. Results: The tuber was rich in carbohydrate, but marginal in protein content. However, it showed moderate amount of dietary crude fibre, very low fat content and sufficient source of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. The tuber was also found to contain all the essential micro and macro mineral elements. It especially served as a good source of potassium and calcium while moderate source of iron, zinc and magnesium. Gas chromatography analysis also revealed the presence of several components of biological value in the ethanolic fraction of the extract. The extract was basically found to be a good source of poly-unsaturated fatty acids and some amount of polyphenols. Conclusions: All the major compounds identified and characterized by spectroscopic method were of biological significance. Besides, the tuber also possesses high calorific value and source for low fat and moderate dietary fibre which is essential for maintaining proper health. Moreover, the mineral content of the tuber can be used as supplement for combating malnutrition especially among rural folk and the vitamin content can serve as good source of natural antioxidant. Thus identification of a good number of important compounds from Alocasia indica tubers can focus on its use for future therapeutic purpose apart from maintaining general health.
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Jatropha gossypifolia has been known to thrive well in tropical climate, most importantly in Nigeria where they are found to grow naturally on dumpsites. The potential use of this robust tropical plant in phytoremediation technology should be advocated especially for developing countries. This study investigates the effect of enhanced phytoextraction on the accumulation of the following heavy metals; (Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co and Sn) by J. gossypifolia cultivated on soil collected from dumpsites in Ekiti state, South Western Nigeria, with application of 1g/kg EDTA (Experiment) and without (control). Application of 1g/kg EDTA did not adversely affect plant growth, except at preflowering stage where were yellowing of leaves. The concentration of heavy metals in tissues of plant were higher in the experiment than control, with concentration of Pb (376.0, 350.0, 355.2 and 328 mg/kg; experiment, 184.0, 180.0, 169.0 and 159.0 mg/kg; control), Cu ( 962.0, 958.0, 898.0 and 818.0; experiment, 650.0, 526.0 464.2 and442.0 mg/kg; control) and Cd (416.8, 418.2, 399.0 and 377.5; experiment, 167.3, 164.2, 147.8 and 142.2 mg/kg) at Aba Egbira, Atikankan, Igbehin and Moshood street dumpsites respectively in the shoot of the plant. Highest concentrations of heavy metals were obtained in leaves of the plant. Notably, concentration of Pb, Cu and Cd were greater than the threshold value of 100mg/kg, indicative of the fact that J. gossypifolia could be a good candidate for Pb, Cu and Cd-phytoextraction. Bioaccumulation factor (BF), translocation factor (TF) and remediation ratio (RR) values greater than one also revealed the effectiveness of the plant to translocate Pb, Cu and Cd to their harvestable portion and phytoextraction efficiency under the chelant-assisted phytoremediation. However, the concentration of heavy metals did not vary significantly at p<0.05, least significant difference (LSD test) in all dumpsites investigated. Therefore, the use of J. gossypifolia is advocated as a candidate plant for restoring dumpsites polluted with heavy metals.
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Alocasia was originally distributed throughout subtropical and tropical areas. Recently, in Korea, it has been used in air cleaners and in control of humidity. Despite easy access in Korea, there are few reports on Alocasia toxicity. We report on two cases of Alocasia intoxication. One patient was a 16-month-old male, who was admitted with a complaint of irritability after biting leaves of Alocasia. Four hours later, he was discharged without any symptoms. Another patient, a 52-year-old female, complained of oral pain, numbness on the perioral area, dysphonia, swallowing difficulty, and chest and abdominal pain after eating root stuck of alocasia odora. She underwent gastrointestinal fibroscopy (GIF) due to lasting chest and abdominal pain. Finding on GIF showed erythema and swelling in the aryepiglottic fold and larynx. Her symptoms lasted 13 days; she was then discharged without any complications or sequelae.
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Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Dor Abdominal , Alocasia , Mordeduras e Picadas , Deglutição , Disfonia , Ingestão de Alimentos , Eritema , Umidade , Hipestesia , Coreia (Geográfico) , Laringe , TóraxRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott. METHODS: Chemical constituents were extracted by organic solvents, isolated and purified by chromatographic techniques with silica gel, polyamide, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, semi-preparative HPLC and recrystallization. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data analyses of MS and NMR, et al. RESULTS: Nine compounds were isolated from its rhizoma and identified as glycosmisic acid (1), N-trans-feruloyltyramine(2), grossamide(3), protocatechuic acid(4), borneol acetate(5), vanillic acid(6), methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate(7), β-daucosterol(8), and β-sitosterol(9). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-9 were isolated from Alocasia macrorrhiza for the first time.
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Meristems of the rhizome of Alocasia odora C.Koch were induced to develop into plantlets in a medium containing MS - minerals and 3mg/l BAP. Plantlets produced multiple shoots in the basas medium supplemented 3mg/1 BAP and 0.2 mg/l IBA with out Agar. For shoot froliferation from shoot - tip the light regimen as adopted 10/24 (light/dark). Rooted plantled were acclimatized and grown in the green house
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Plantas Medicinais , Medicina TradicionalRESUMO
The yam of “Cay Ray” (Vietnamese) - Alocasia odora Roxb., family of Araceae, after 2 years of cultivation is harvested, moving the outer cover, cutting in thin slice, drying at 400C. Chemical and physico-chemical analysis showed some protid, glucid and lipid components derivatives including alcaloids (in the form of base and salt), phytosterol, free organic acides, reduced sugar, steroid, saponine