Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Wight and Arn. Bark; phenolics, toxicity studies, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities

The purpose of the survey was to determine acute & chronic toxicity; in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of the different extracts of A. fraxinifolius Wight and Arn bark; along with estimation of the phenolic, flavonoidal contents and investigation of phenolic metabolites that may attribute to the activities. LD50 of the total ethanol extract (TEE) was 7.1 g/kg b. wt, the radical scavenging activity of DPPH showed 60.31% inhibition, FRAP ability and ABTS+ activity showed 55.024 and 67.217 µmol Trolox/100 g dry weight, respectively. TEE followed by ethyl acetate extract (EAE) at 100 mg/kg b.w exhibited the highest in vivo antioxidant activity (94.51% and 91.08% potency, respectively) compared with Vit E (100%). The TEE & EAE exhibited the highest anti-inflammatory activity (3.81±0.08 & 3.79±.0.04) respectively in comparison with indomethacin 3.83±0.01 measured as edema diameter after 4 hours of extract administration. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the total ethanol extract (TEE) estimated as gallic acid and catechin equivalents were 61.06± 0.08 µg eq GA/g, 40.33± 0.20 µg CE/g extract respectively. EAE revealed five phenolic acids and eight flavonoid compounds isolated for the first time from the plant

Chemical constituents from the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera and their anti-inflammatory activities / 中国中药杂志

Thirteen compounds were isolated and purified from the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora by the macroporous resin,silica gel,and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Those compounds were further identified by IR,UV,MS,and NMR techniques:( 2 S)-1-( 3″,4″-methylenedioxy phenyl)-3-( 2',6'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-propan-2-ol( 1),( 2 R,3 R)-5,7-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxy flavanol( 2),9-hydroxysesamin( 3),sesamin( 4),piperitol( 5),kobusin( 6),(-)-aptosimon( 7),acuminatolide( 8),1β,11-dihydroxy-5-eudesmene( 9),lasiodiplodin( 10),vanillin( 11),p-hydroxybenzaldehyde( 12),and p-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester( 13). Compound 1 was a novel compound,and compounds 2,6,7,9 and 10 were isolated from Cinnamomum plants for the first time. Compounds 4,7 and 10 were found to possess good inhibitory effect on IL-6 production in LPS-induced BV2 cells at a concentration of 20 μmol·L-1 in the in vitro bioassay,with inhibition rates of 51. 26% ± 4. 13%,67. 82% ± 3. 77% and85. 81%±1. 19%,respectively.

Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from Huperzia serrata and their metabolites' inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activities / 中国中药杂志

A total of 27 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from Huperzia serrata,which were richly distributed in the stems and leaves while less distributed in roots. The 27 strains were identified by Internal Transcribed Spacer( ITS) r DNA molecular method and one of the strains belongs to Basidiomycota phylum,and other 26 stains belong to 26 species,9 general,6 families,5 orders,3 classes of Ascomycota Phylum. The dominant strains were Colletotrichum genus,belonging to Glomerellaceae family,Glomerellales order,Sordariomycetes class,Ascomycota Phylum,with the percentage of 48. 15%. The inhibitory activities of the crude extracts of 27 endophytic fungal strains against acetylcholinesterase( ACh E) and nitric oxide( NO) production were evaluated by Ellman's method and Griess method,respectively. Crude extracts of four fungi exhibited inhibitory activities against ACh E with an IC50 value of 42. 5-62. 4 mg·L~(-1),and some fungi's crude extracts were found to inhibit nitric oxide( NO) production in lipopolysaccharide( LPS)-activated RAW264. 7 macrophage cells with an IC50 value of 2. 2-51. 3 mg·L~(-1),which indicated that these fungi had potential anti-inflammatory activities.The chemical composition of the Et OAc extract of endophytic fungus HS21 was also analyzed by LCMS-IT-TOF. Seventeen compounds including six polyketides,four diphenyl ether derivatives and seven meroterpenoids were putatively identified.

Essential oil of Pterodon polygalaeflorus Benth attenuates nociception in mice

Essential oils (EO) are volatile liquids responsible for the aroma of plants. Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have received widespread use in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. For this reason and because Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have great EO content, which is frequently pharmacologically active, the present study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of EO from Pterodon polygalaeflorus (EOPPgfl) and its acute toxic effects. The EEOPPgfl sample, which was extracted by steam distillation of the seeds, had a yield of 2.4% of the seeds weight and had, as major constituents, beta-elemene (48.19%), trans-caryophyllene (19.51%), and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (12.24%). The EOPPgfl sample showed mild acute toxicity and its calculated median lethal dose (LD50) was 3.38 g/kg. EOPPgfl (20-60 mg/kg) showed antinociceptive activity as evidenced by several tests and inhibited writhing induced by acetic acid. The maximum effect was obtained with the 30 mg/kg dose and at 60 min after its administration. EOPPgfl also decreased formalin-induced nociception, as verified by the inhibition of the first and second phase of the formalin test. At 30 mg/kg, EOPPgfl also decreased thermally stimulated nociception. Nociception may be related to inflammatory and antiedematogenic activity and at doses ranging 10-100 mg/kg, EOPPgfl blocked dextran- and carrageenan-induced edema. The results demonstrated that EOPPgfl presented, at doses approximately 100 times smaller than LD50, an antinociceptive effect that probably was due to anti-inflammatory activities.

Study on HPLC fingerprint and quality control of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effective parts in crude and processed roots of Aconitum sinomontanum / 中草药

Objective: To set up an analysis method of fingerprints for analgesic and anti-inflammatory effective parts from crude and processed roots of Aconitum sinomontanum (AS), and to discuss the chemical composition changes after processing that enhance the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Methods: HPLC gradient elution method was developed to establish fingerprints for 10 batches of chloroform extract from crude and processed the roots of AS in different areas. And the fingerprint were analyzed and compared by Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2012 edition). Results: The fingerprints of chloroform extract from crude and processed the roots of AS were set up by HPLC. The gained 3 and 15 common peaks from crude and processed roots of AS, respectively. processed product added 12 peaks, including 1 peak, 2 peak, 7 peak increase were significant, accounting for the new peak area of 72.3%-84.5%. And determination of lappacontine and ranaconitine of chloroform extract from crude and proceed products, after processing the content were reduced, ranaconitine content reduced to the original one-third. Conclusion: This method with good reproducibility, and strong characteristic, and could be used for the full quality evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect parts from crude and processed the roots of AS. To provide scientific basis for elucidating the chemical substance base and processing principle of crude and processed roots of AS.

Research progress on clinical applications and mechanisms of Guizhi Fuling Prescription in treating cerebrovascular diseases / 中草药

Cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) with high morbidity, disability, mortality, and recurrence rate have become the focus in the medical research. Modern researches have indicated that Guizhi Fuling Prescription (GFP) possesses anti-inflammatory, immune-modulation and anti-oxidative effects and so on. Investigations showed that GFP had been used in the researches of ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases, mainly used in the clinical research of ischemic cerebrovascular, in which the research of treating acute cerebral infarction gets the best clinical effect of all. In order to provide theoretical reference for intensive research of GFP in treatment of CVD, this article reviewed the research progress in clinical application and mechanisms of GFP in treatment of CVD.

Chemical constituents from Illicium brevistylum and their anti-inflammatory activities / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Illicium brevistylum A.C.Smith and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The n-BuOH fraction of 80％ ethanol extract from I.brevistylum was isolated and purified by silica,ODS and Sephadex LH-20,the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.Then their anti-inflammatory activities were screened.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as (7S,8R)-3,3',5-trimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,5'-neolignan-4,9,9'-triol (1),methylabieta-8,11,13,15-tetraen-18-oate (2),majusanin A (3),pubeside C (4),(+)-lyoniresinol-3a-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5),junipercomnoside D (6),lyoniside (7),nudiposide (8),rhyncoside A (9).The inhibition rates of compounds 2,6,9 on NF-κB were 47.81％,37.33％,33.37％,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,5,7-9 are isolated from genus Illicium for the first time,and compounds 2,6,9 exhibit good anti-inflammatory activities.

Chemical constituents from Illicium brevistylum and their anti-inflammatory activities / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Illicium brevistylum A.C.Smith and to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The n-BuOH fraction of 80％ ethanol extract from I.brevistylum was isolated and purified by silica,ODS and Sephadex LH-20,the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.Then their anti-inflammatory activities were screened.RESULTS Nine compounds were isolated and identified as (7S,8R)-3,3',5-trimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,5'-neolignan-4,9,9'-triol (1),methylabieta-8,11,13,15-tetraen-18-oate (2),majusanin A (3),pubeside C (4),(+)-lyoniresinol-3a-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (5),junipercomnoside D (6),lyoniside (7),nudiposide (8),rhyncoside A (9).The inhibition rates of compounds 2,6,9 on NF-κB were 47.81％,37.33％,33.37％,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,5,7-9 are isolated from genus Illicium for the first time,and compounds 2,6,9 exhibit good anti-inflammatory activities.

Progress on anti-inflammatory natural products / 药学实践杂志

Inflammation is the defense response of the living tissues possessing vascular system to stimulations of various injury factors ,which plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of many major diseases .Drugs used to treat inflammation in the clinical mainly include non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ,steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) and traditional Chinese medicine .As synthetic anti‐inflammatory drugs used in clinical currently have obvious adverse reactions , more and more attention were paid to seek anti‐inflammatory drugs from natural medicines .Reviews reported before mainly fo‐cus on anti‐inflammation mechanism of natural medicine ,however ,there are few reports on the summary of anti‐inflammatory natural products .Active natural products which were reported to possess anti‐inflammatory effects in recent years were summa‐rized in order to provide information for further study of anti‐inflammatory drugs research .