Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from four Wild Food Fruits

Aims: This study aimed to assess the in vitro antibacterial effects of extracts from four wild food fruits: Balanites aegyptiaca, Saba senegalensis, Ziziphus mauritiana, and Raphia sudanica. Place and Duration of Study: The samples of plant material were collected at Banamba and Sikasso, Mali between January and May 2018. The bacterial strains were collected at Research Centre for Biological Food and Nutritional Sciences (CRSBAN), University Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo; Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The experimental parts were also carried out at CRSBAN from October 2019 to January 2020. Methodology: The fruit extracts were screened for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, S. aureus, B. cereus, and L. monocytogenes strains. The diameters of the inhibition zones (ID), the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were evaluated using agar diffusion method. Results: The findings revealed that these parameters have varied as a function of fruit species and/or their zones of provenances. All fruit extracts showed significant growth reducing effect against all the tested bacteria. The extracts from R. sudanica have exhibited the strongest growth-inhibiting activity specifically against E. coli (ID = 15.33±0.58 mm) and Salmonella typhi (ID = 18.00±1.00 mm) with lower MIC (from 2.08±1.44 to 5.83±1.44 mg/mL). Moreover, the MBC/MIC ratios revealed that the extracts from the studied fruits possess mainly bacteriostatic effects towards the tested strains. Conclusion: These findings support local therapeutics properties attributed to these fruits. They also demonstrate that, in addition to their nutritional values, these edible fruits could be used for developing antibiotics to treat infectious diseases and food poisoning.

Infección del tracto urinario en pacientes hospitalizados con diabetes tipo 2 / Urinary tract infection among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Colombia

Background: Urinary tract infection is more common among diabetic patients. Aim: To describe the frequency and features of urinary tract infection among diabetic patients admitted to a medicine service in Colombia. Material and Methods: Review of a database of diabetic patients aged over 18 years, admitted to a Medicine Service in Colombia. The medical records and hospital evolution of those with urinary tract infections were reviewed. Results: Data from 470 patients aged 65 +/- 13 years (50 percent females) were reviewed. Urinary tract infections were detected in 68 (14 percent), all community acquired. A culture was done in 50 (73 percent), which was positive in 80 percent. The most common microorganisms isolated were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 52 and 18 percent respectively. Twenty eight percent of E Coli strains were resistant to extended spectrum beta lactamases and 14 percent of K pneumoniae strains were resistant to ampicillin. Complications were observed in 28 percent of these patients and 6 percent died, mainly due to septic shock. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with and without urinary tract infection were 9.2 and 8.5 percent respectively (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Urinary tract infection is common among hospitalized diabetic patients and associated with complications and higher mortality.

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogens Isolated from Post-Operative Wounds of Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Uyo, Nigeria.

This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates from wounds of diabetic and non diabetic patients in University of Uyo metropolis. Eighty five wound swab samples were collected from the culture bench of University of Uyo Health Center and three neighboring hospitals. The isolates were characterized and identified using standard microbiological methods. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using the disc diffusion method. Oral interview was conducted on patients to ascertain their medical history and samples taken to conduct HbA1c test at the time of wound swab collection. Out of the samples collected, 62.5% were infected with bacteria (80% Gram negative and 20% Gram positive) featuring frequency of occurrence percent of Staphylococcus aureus (28.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (33.1%), Escherichia coli (25.0%), Proteus spp. (8.3%) and Klebsiella spp. (2.6%). There was significant difference in the antibiotic sensitivity of S. aureus to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin comparing the two groups. Similarly, there was significantly lower sensitivity to ofloxacin shown by E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in the DM group compared with the control. There were no significant differences in the antibiotic sensitivities of the isolated organisms for the cephalosporin and aminoglycoside antibiotics. The study showed that isolates from SWI demonstrated significant differences in susceptibility to fluoroquinolones but no differences to the aminoglycoside and cephalosporin antibiotics based on the glycaemic levels.