Effect and Mechanism of Banxia Baizhu Tianmatang on Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effects of Banxia Baizhu Tianmatang （BBTT） on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein-E knockout （ApoE^-/-） mice induced by high fat diet. Method:The atherosclerosis model of ApoE^-/- mice was established with high-fat diet， and BBTT was used for intervention. The pathological changes of aorta after atherosclerosis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE）， oil red O and Masson staining. The changes of serum total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） and low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， interleukin-6 （IL-6） and oxidized low density lipoprotein （ox-LDL） were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Total tissue proteins were extracted， quantified by protein quantification （BCA） method， and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） protein was detected by Western blot. Thiobarbituric acid （TBA） method was used to detect the change of malondialdehyde （MDA） content. The change of superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity was detected by 2-（2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl）-3-（4-nitrophenyl）-5-（2，4-disulfobenzene）-2H tetrazole monosodium salt （WST-8） method. Result:Compared with the control group， there was a large amount of lipid accumulation in the blood vessels of the model group， the serum levels of TG， TC， HDL-C and LDL-C significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the expression of MMP-9 protein in the blood vessels significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-<italic>α</italic> in the serum increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， the SOD activity was significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the levels of MDA and ox-LDL expression increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the treatment with BBTT could inhibit the accumulation of lipids in blood vessels， the TG levels were reduced in the high and medium dose groups of BBTT （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， high， medium and low dose groups significantly reduced the levels of LDL-C in serum （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the expression of MMP-9 protein in blood vessels （<italic>P</italic><0.05） and IL-6 in serum （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the high-dose group down-regulated the expression of TNF-<italic>α</italic> in serum （<italic>P</italic><0.01） and ox-LDL （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， both the high and medium-dose groups increased the level of MDA （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01） and the activity of SOD （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:BBTT has a certain intervention effect on the formation of atherosclerosis aortic plaque in ApoE^-/- mice， and its mechanism may be associated with reducing the TG and LDL-C levels， lowering blood lipid， down-regulating MMP-9 protein， protecting blood vessels from inflammatory damage， reducing ox-LDL and MDA levels， and improving SOD activity to play an antioxidant role.

Laboratory detection of blood vessel function in patients with hemorrhagic stroke / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), homocysteine (HCY), fibronectin (Fn) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid patients with stroke to inquire into patients′endothelial function damage.Methods We chose standard stroke patients in Brain Hospital of Hu′nan Province from August 2015 to August 2016, divided into ischemic stroke (IS) group (52 cases) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) group (33 cases), and chose patients with the cerebrospinal fluid for diagnosis and treatment and ruled out infections, the nervous system and cardiovascular system diseases as control group (20 cases).The serum VEGF, HCY, Fn, and ApoE levels of the patients on the 1 th, 5 th and14 th day after admission were monitored and compared with those in cerebrospinal fluid expression, NIHSS and Barthel were also performed for assessment of severity and prognosis of HS.Results The serum levels of VEGF, HCY and ApoE in HS group were higher than those in IS group, and the Fn level was lower than that in IS group and control group.At the same time, the Fn levels gradually increased on the 5 th and 14 th day after admission (P＜0.05), close to the control group.Cerebrospinal fluid of VEGF, HCY, Fn, and ApoE levels in HS group were higher than those in the control group, while Fn level was lower, and these indexes were lower in cerebrospinal fluid than those in the serum, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).In correlation analysis, HCY level of cerebrospinal fluid was positively correlated with ApoE in HS patients (r=0.645, P=0.001), HCY and ApoE levels in HS patients were positively correlated with patients′NIHSS score (r=0.547, P=0.006;r=0.720, P＜0.001), and negatively correlated with Barthel index score (r=-0.703, P＜0.001, r=-0.765, P＜0.001, respectively).Conclusion There were vascular endothelial injury and neuroprotective function decreased in brain tissue of stroke patients.The level of Fn was related to the patient′s prognosis, which was conducive to the differentiation of IS and HS.The cerebrospinal fluid levels of HCY and ApoE can be used to evaluate the prognosis of HS patients.

Apolipoprotein-E Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease, Vascular Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore the Apolipoprotein-E （ApoE） gene polymorphism in patients with Alzheimer's disease （AD）, vascular dementia (VD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MethodsPeripheral blood was taken from patient with AD, VD or MCI to determine the ApoE genotypes. ResultsThe most of the patients were ε3/ε3 genotype, while the ε2/ε2 and ε4/ε4 could not be detected. ε3/ε4 genotype （P=0.001） and ApoE ε4 allele （P=0.013） was more frequent in AD than in MCI. ApoE ε4 was more frequent in VD than in MCI （P=0.044）. ConclusionApoE ε4 allele is a risk factor in AD, and may be associated with VD and MCI.

Analysis of the APOE Alleles in Mental Retardation without Chromosome Anomaly / 대한해부학회지

APOE (apolipoprotein E) has been as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Studies demonstrated that there was no significant differences in APOE distribution compared with controls and there was also a report showing a lower frequency of APOE E4 allele in an elderly Down's syndrome population than in a control group. We examined the distribution of APOE alleles in people with mental retardation having normal chromosome constitute. We studied 55 mental retardation individuals without chromosome anomaly and compared the frequency of APOE allele with 89 control samples. The APOE genotype was determined by HhaI restriction enzyme analysis of DNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The frequencies of APOE alleles in mental retardation patients were 3.6% (epsilon2), 88.2% (epsilon3), and 8.2% (epsilon4). The frequencies in controls were 10.1% (epsilon2), 73.6% (epsilon3), and 16.3% (epsilon4). The frequencies of APOE epsilon2 and epsilon4 alleles in mental retardation patients were significant lower than that in controls (p<0.05), but the frequency of APOE epsilon3 allele was higher reversely (p<0.01). These results suggest that APOE alleles are associated with mental retardation although the biological role of APOE in pathogenesis of mental retardation is unknown.

Relationship of gene polymorphisms of fatty acid binding protein-2 and apolipoprotein E with coronary heart disease in type-2 diabetic patients / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study the relationship of fatty acid binding protein-2(FABP2)and apolipoprotein E(ApoE)with coronary heart disease(CHD)in type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.Methods FABP2 and ApoE gene polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP.At the same time all CHD in T2DM patients' serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were(HDLC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC)were detected.Results The T-allele frequencies of FABP2 were higher(P