Mucocele apendicular benigno / Benign Appendiceal Mucocele

Introducción: El mucocele apendicular se considera una lesión rara del apéndice que se caracteriza por la dilatación de la luz del órgano con acumulación de moco. Este puede ser benigno o maligno. Objetivo: Caracterizar un caso de mucocele apendicular de comportamiento benigno en un paciente adulto masculino. Presentación del caso: Se asiste a un paciente, en estudio de tumor de vías digestivas, que se interviene quirúrgicamente con cuadro peritoneal agudo hallando masa de localización apendicular. Se realiza apendicectomía convencional y se estudia la pieza por anatomía patológica como mucocele apendicular benigno. La evolución del paciente fue satisfactoria. Conclusiones: Se presenta clínicamente de forma inespecífica, lo que posibilita que su diagnóstico sea intraoperatorio con mayor frecuencia. La estrategia quirúrgica depende de los hallazgos intraoperatorios donde la apendicectomía y la hemicolectomía derecha son las técnicas más utilizadas. El pseudomixoma peritoneal es una complicación temida(AU)

Introduction: Appendiceal mucocele is considered a rare lesion of the appendix characterized by dilatation of the organ lumen with mucus accumulation. It can be benign or malignant. Objective: To characterize a case of appendiceal mucocele with benign behavior in an adult male patient. Case presentation: A patient under study of digestive tract tumor is attended. The patient underwent surgery for having acute peritoneal symptoms; a mass of appendicular location was found. Conventional appendicectomy was performed and the piece was studied by pathological anatomy, being a benign appendicular mucocele. The patient's evolution was satisfactory. Conclusions: This condition is presented clinically in a nonspecific manner, which makes for its diagnosis to be more frequently intraoperative. The surgical strategy depends on the intraoperative findings, in which appendectomy and right hemicolectomy are the most used techniques. Pseudomyxoma peritonei is a feared complication(AU)

Neoplasia mucinosa apendicular / Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms

RESUMEN La neoplasia mucinosa apendicular es una entidad poco frecuente que representa el 0,2 al 0,7% de todas las apendicectomías. La forma de presentación más frecuente es el hallazgo incidental. También puede diagnosticarse du rante el estudio de un dolor abdominal crónico en el cuadrante inferior derecho o, de manera retros pectiva, por el hallazgo en la anatomía patológica en el marco de una apendicitis aguda. La apendicectomía es el tratamiento indicado; la técnica tiene como objeto impedir la perforación del apéndice para evitar el vuelco a la cavidad peritoneal de moco o células neoplásicas y de esa manera prevenir el desarrollo del pseudomixoma peritoneal.

ABSTRACT Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms are rare and represent 0.2-0.7% of all appendectomies. They usual present as an incidental finding. The diagnosis can be made during the evaluation of chronic abdomi nal pain in the right lower quadrant or may emerge in the pathology report in the setting of an acute appendicitis. Appendectomy is the treatment of choice and care must be taken to avoid perforation of the appendix with dissemination of neoplastic cells or mucus into the peritoneum and thus prevent the develop ment of pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Mucocele apendicular / Appendiceal mucocele

El mucocele apendicular es una dilatación quística de la luz del apéndice ileocecal de etiología obstructiva que produce un acúmulo retrógrado de sustancia mucoide. Representa un 8-10% de todos los tumores apendiculares, con una incidencia del 0,2-0,3% de todas las apendicectomías. La etiología hace referencia a procesos no neoplásicos o tumorales (cistoadenoma o cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso). Un incorrecto abordaje terapéutico o un diagnóstico histológico poco definido o incompleto, pueden provocar un síndrome de pseudomixoma peritoneal. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un caso de mucocele apendicular. Se trata de una paciente de sexo femenino de 68 años de edad, que consultó en el servicio de emergencia por dolor abdominal a nivel de epigastrio, irradiado a la fosa iliaca derecha, con clínica sugerente de proceso inflamatorio apendicular, y tomográficamente se evidenció imagen probable de mucocele apendicular. Luego del tratamiento quirúrgico, la paciente mejoró significativamente. La TC con contraste es más comúnmente utilizada para el diagnóstico prequirúrgico. El objetivo final de la terapéutica es la de evitar la ruptura del mucocele apendicular y el síndrome de pseudomixoma peritoneal, por lo cual es importante contar con la TC simple y contrastada de abdomen y pelvis para la adecuada planeación quirúrgica en los casos sospechosos de mucocele apendicular.

The appendiceal mucocele is cystic dilation light ileocecal appendix obstructive etiology which causes a retrograde accumulation of mucoid substance. A 8-10% of all appendiceal tumors, with an incidence of 0.2 to 0.3% of all appendectomies. The etiology refers to non-neoplastic or tumor (cystadenoma or mucinous cystadenocarcinoma) processes. Incorrect therapeutic approach or poorly defined or incomplete histological diagnosis, can cause peritoneal pseudomixoma syndrome. The aim of this paper is to describe a case of appendiceal mucocele. It is a female patient of 68 years old who consulted in the emergency department for abdominal pain at epigastrium, radiating to the right iliac fossa, with suggestive clinical appendicular inflammatory process, and tomographic image likely was evident appendiceal mucocele. After surgery, the patient improved significantly. Contrast CT is most commonly used for presurgical diagnosis. The ultimate goal of therapeutic is to prevent rupture of the appendiceal mucocele syndrome peritoneal pseudomixoma, so it is important to have the simple and contrast CT of the abdomen and pelvis for proper surgical planning in suspected cases of appendiceal mucocele.

Cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso de apéndice cecal / Mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma of the appendix

Objetivo Exposición de 3 casos tratados quirúrgicamente en nuestra clínica. Casos clínicos Caso 1: paciente mujer de 78 años con diagnóstico de quiste complejo de ovario derecho, se realizó la cirugía y se evidencia tumoración de apéndice cecal. Caso 2: paciente varón de 38 años con dolor abdominal crónico. Presenta marcador tumoral antígeno carcinoembrionario elevado, laparoscopia exploratoria evidencia líquido mucinoso peritoneal y tumoración apendicular. Caso 3: paciente mujer de 42 años con dolor crónico en fosa iliaca derecha con marcadores tumorales normales. Laparoscopia exploratoria evidencia tumoración dependiente del apéndice cecal con localización retrocecal ascendente. Discusión Se debe considerar a los mucoceles apendiculares dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de dolor en cuadrante inferior derecho del abdomen. Es preferible realizar una hemicolectomia radical para lesiones grandes y/o perforadas por el riesgo de existir cistoadenocarcinoma. El abordaje laparoscópico es una buena alternativa de manejo.

Objective We present three surgically treated cases in our hospital Case Reports Case 1: A 78 years old woman with a diagnosis of complex ovarian cyst. During surgery, an appendicular tumor was found. Case 2: A 38 years old male with chronic abdominal pain with high levels of carcinoembryonic antigen. During exploratory laparoscopy an appendicular tumor and mucinous peritoneal fluid were found. Case 3: A 42 years old woman with chronic pain in the right lower abdomen, negative tumor markers. During exploratory laparoscopy a retrocecal appendicular tumor was found. Discussion Appendiceal mucoceles should be considered in the differential diagnosis of right lower abdominal pain. If the lesions are big or perforated, a radical hemicolectomy should be performed due to the risk of a cystadenocarcinoma. Laparoscopic approach is a good alternative for management.

Colonoscopic and endoscopic ultrasonography diagnosis of appendix mucocele / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the features and clinical value of endoscopic ultrasonography and colonoscopy for appendix mucocele. Methods The patients with mucocele of appendix who were diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography and colonoscopy in three hospitals all underwent surgery from January 2008 to March 2015. Appendix mucocele in these patients was confirmed by postoperative pathology and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 22 patients with appendix mucocele were analyzed retrospectively. The average size of intralumen mucocele was 1. 84±1. 42 cm (0. 6-4. 5 cm) . The colonscopic finding of appendiceal mucocele showed submucosal protuberance at the appendiceal orifice with smooth surface. The appendiceal orifice was found at the edge of appendiceal mucocele. Endoscopic ultrasonogrphy showed low echo with smooth cyst wall in 8 patients, mixed equal echo and low echo in 14 cases. Appendicectomy was performed in 11 patients and resection of ileocecum in 11 others. Conclusion Endoscopic ultrasonography and colonoscopy are valuable for diagnosis and treatment in appendiceal mucocele.

Mucocele apendicular asintomático: reporte de caso clínico / Asintomatic appendiceal mucocele: a clinical case report

El mucocele apendicular es un tipo de patología tumoral de baja incidencia. Su diagnóstico frecuentemente es incidental y su manejo es quirúrgico en base a la histología. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de sexo masculino, 83 años, diagnosticado de mucocele apendicular de presentación asintomática como hallazgo incidental en una Tomografía Computarizada (TC) de abdomen pelvis. Se realizó seguimiento radiológico cada 6 meses. Cuatro años más tarde, se vuelve sintomático con presencia de dolor en hemiabdomen inferior derecho, de intensidad moderada asociado a dificultad en la marcha y compromiso de estado general. Sele realizó una TC abdomen-pelvis que mostró una lesión quística retrocecal, de mayor tamaño con respecto al examen previo, que contacta con la corteza anterior del tercio inferior del riñón derecho. En el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile (HCUCh) se le realiza una hemicolectomía derecha, que requiere de nefrectomíaparcial debido a adhesión de la masa al riñón derecho. Post-cirugía, el paciente evoluciona con diversas complicaciones; entre ellas una sepsis de foco abdominal por un absceso perirrenal, un urinoma con fistula enteral e infecciones recurrentes que prolongaron la estadía hospitalaria. DISCUSIÓN: El mucocele apendicular carece de estudios en base a los que se pueda predecir como evolucionará al ser diagnosticado siendo asintomático. Debido a complicaciones el paciente es sometido a hemicolectomía en lugar de apendicectomía estándar que era la indicada según histología. Por esto, es necesario considerar en estos pacientes, controles radiológicos a menor intervalo de tiempo e incluso tratamiento quirúrgico precoz, con objetivo de evitar complicaciones propias del mucocele...

Appendiceal mucocele is a low incidence tumor, being the cause of between 0.07 to 0.3 percent of all appendectomies. Its diagnosis is often incidental and surgical treatment is based on histology. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 83 years old, diagnosed of appendiceal mucocele presenting as asymptomat icincidental finding in abdominal - pelvic CT performed for other reason. Radiological follow-up was performed every 6 months. Four years later becomes symptomatic with presence of moderate intensity pain in lower right abdomen associated with difficulty in walking and overall commitment. Pelvis CT showed are trocecal cystic lesion, larger compared to the previous review, which contacts the anterior cortex of the lower third of the right kidney. In Clinical Hospital University of Chile (HCUCh) he underwent a right hemicolectomy, requiring partial nephrectomy due to the adhesion of the right kidney. Post- surgery, the patient evolved with various complications including abdominal sepsis for perirenal abscess, urinoma with enteral fistula and recurrent infections that prolonged hospital stay. DISCUSSION: As the mucocele low incidence pathology lacks studies based on that it can predict how it will envolve being asymptomatic. Due to complications, the patient is underwent to hemicolectomy instead of standard appendectomy indicated by histology. Therefore, it is necessary to consider in these patients, radiological controls shorter time interval and even early surgical treatment, in order to avoid complications of mucocele...

Single-incision Laparoscopic Surgery for Appendiceal Mucoceles: Safety and Feasibility in a Series of 16 Consecutive Cases

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety, and oncological outcomes of transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic surgery in patients with an uncomplicated appendiceal mucocele. METHODS: A review of a prospectively collected database at the Kyungpook National University Hospital from January 2006 to September 2010 revealed that a series of 16 consecutive patients underwent single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for an appendiceal mucocele. Data regarding patient demographics, operating time, conversion, surgical morbidity, lateral lymph node status, and mid-term oncologic result were analyzed. RESULTS: The reported series consisted of 7 women (50%) and 9 men with a mean age of 61.6 years (range, 41 to 88 years). The mean operative time was 66.8 minutes (range, 33 to 150 minutes). Perioperative mortality and morbidity were 0% and 6.2%, respectively. Recovery after the procedure was rapid, and the mean hospital stay was 6.8 days (range, 3 to 22 days). Pathology revealed 12 lesions compatible with a mucinous cystadenoma and four others compatible with benign cystic tumors. All surgical margins were clear. In one case, an extra port had to be placed, and another case required conversion from SILS to a standard open laparotomy immediately after identification of the tumor because of a micro-perforation with focal mucin collection. With a median follow-up of 28.7 months, no re-admission or tumor recurrence, such as pseudomyxoma peritonei, was noted in 14 patients. CONCLUSION: A single-port laparoscopic mucocelectomy should be safe and feasible and has the advantage of being a minimally invasive approach. Prospective controlled studies comparing SILS and conventional open surgery, with long-term follow-up evaluation, are needed to confirm the author's initial experience.

A case of intussusception by appendiceal mucocele / 대한내과학회지

Intussusception of the appendix is not only extremely rare but also presents with symptoms similar to appendicitis. Therefore, preoperative diagnosis is unusual. On the other hand, appendiceal mucocele refers to obstructive dilatation of the appendiceal lumen caused by mucus. It has been reported in 0.2~0.3% of appendectomy specimens. A 22-year-old woman visited the Emergency Department because of right lower abdominal tenderness with hematochezia. Abdominal CT scan revealed a target sign in the right lower quadrant area that was suggestive of intussusception. The patient underwent emergency surgical reduction of the intussusception and appendectomy. The pathology showed an appendiceal mucocele.

The Analysis of Appendiceal Mucocele with Emphasis on the Colonoscopic Findings / 대한소화기내시경학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Appendiceal mucocele is relatively rare disease, however early diagnosis and adequate treatment is important because the rupture of mucocele during operation may results in pseudomyxoma peritonei which is fatal. Colonoscopy is very important tool to diagnose the mucocele of appendix earlier period. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the medical records of ten cases of appendiceal mucoceles which were suspected by colonoscopy and surgically confirmed from January 1997 to March 2004. RESULTS: There was no gender difference and mean age was 55 years old. The colonoscopic findings of appendiceal mucocele were a type of submucosal tumor and the orifice of appendix was not seen in all the cases. The size was variable from 2.5 cm to 5.0 cm and the shape was spherical in majority, but one case of appendiceal mucocele lately diagnosed as mucinous cystadenocarcinoma had elongated, oval shape. The histologic diagnosis after resection were as follows: mucosal hyperplasia 4 cases (40%), mucinous cystadenoma 5 cases (50%) and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma 1 case (10%). CONCLUSIONS: Colonoscopy is an important diagnostic tool for suspecting appendiceal mucocele. It is important to confirm by surgical resection of appendiceal mucocele which is found even incidentally by colonoscopy.

Appendiceal mucocele

On the occasion of one case of appendiceal mucocele, the authors studied on etiology, classification, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Results: Appendiceal mucocele is a rare injury form of appendix, it stretches out and full of mucosity. It might be a benign or malignant injury. Clinical symptoms are not typical therefore it is difficult to diagnose before operating; most of the cases were discovered by accident. Recently, they can preoperative diagnose by ultrasound and CT scan. If the injury is benign, the appendix is removed simply, even through endoscopy, but if the injury is doubt to be malignant, it is necessary to resect the right colon. Although it is a malignant injury, the prognosis is still good as a colon cancer.

Appendiceal Mucocele

PURPOSE: An appendiceal mucocele refers to an abnormal dilatation of the appendiceal lumen by mucus. It is a rare clinical entity with a reported prevalence rate of 0.2~0.3% of all appendectomies. The purpose of our study was to identify the clinical characteristics of and the proper surgical management for appendiceal mucoceles. METHODS: The hospital records of 24 eligible patients were reviewed. We analyzed demographic data, and pathological and clinical data. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in size (P<0.009) between simple mucoceles (mean, 1.95 cm) and cystadenomas (mean, 3.6 cm). While ultrasonography was the most commonly used test to establish the diagnosis (14 patients), computed tomography and colonoscopy also provided fundamental information in 5 and 2 patients, respectively. An appendectomy was performed in most cases (20 cases, 83%). A cecectomy was performed in 3 cases, and an ileocecal resection was performed in only one case. Among the cases requiring a cecectomy, a laparoscopic cecectomy was performed in one case. A synchronous tumor was present in 5 cases. Three patients had gastric cancer, 1 patient had gallbladder cancer, the other one had endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that appendiceal mucoceles most frequently present as acute appendicitis and that preoperative diagnosis is difficult to make. All mucoceles should probably be removed to eliminate the chance of progression to malignancy. Also of note was the elevated incidence of associated neoplasms, especially gastrointestinal carcinomas. Some recommend surveillance colonoscopy in patients with a diagnosis of an appendiceal mucocele. We had three cases accompanied by gastric malignancy. Therefore, we suggest that surveillance gastrofiberscopy may be indicated.

Three Cases of Appendiceal Mucocele Diagnosed by Colonoscopic Examination / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Mucocele is a cystic dilatation of the vermiform appendix that contains mucous material. The symptoms are non- specific and the diagnosis is seldom made prior to surgery. The reported prevalence in appendectomy specimens at surgery is 0.2~0.3%. We have recently experienced three cases of appendiceal mucocele by colonoscopic examination. Two cases showed "volcano sign" which is typical colonoscopic feature of a smooth mound with normal overlying mucosa surrounding the appenciceal orifice. The first case was a 67-year-old male who presented for diagnostic work-up of stomach cancer. Abdomen CT suggested appendiceal mucocele, and colonoscopy showed volcano sign of mucocele. The second case was a 56-year-old female patient who had a RLQ pain of 2 months duration. The presumptive diagnosis of appendiceal mucocele was made, and we performed appendectomy. The pathologic finding was a hyperplastic mucocele. The third case was a 48- year-old male who had one month history of RLQ pain. Colonoscopy showed markedly protruding mass in the lumen with hyperemic surface, and appendectomy was performed. The pathologic finding was a hyperplastic mucocele.

A Case of Appendiceal Mucocele Presented as a Bowel Obstruction Symptom / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Mucocele of the appendix is a rare disease entity which is infrequently diagnosed prior to a laparotomy. With progress in diagnostic procedures, such as the use of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and colonoscopy, preoperative diagnosis of the appendiceal mucocele has become possible. The case that we have experienced involves an eighty five-year old male. He was admitted with bowel obstruction symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, tenderness, and increased bowel sound sounds. He was diagnosed as having appendiceal mucocele by an abdominal CT and colonoscopy, He was operated on and the surgical specimen revealed appendicea] mucocele.