Aspects cliniques et pronostiques des accidents vasculaires cérébraux en réanimation au Cameroun / Clinical and prognostic aspects of stroke in a Cameroonian intensive care unit

Introduction. L'accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) est une pathologie fréquente. Le but de l'étude était de décrire les aspects pronostiques des AVC en réanimation. Patients et Méthodes. Il s'agissait d'une étude longitudinale descriptive et analytique, qui s'est déroulée de janvier à avril 2019. Nous avons recruté dans les services de réanimation de trois hôpitaux universitaires de Yaoundé. Etait inclus, tout patient hospitalisé en réanimation pour prise en charge d'un AVC, ayant réalisé un scanner cérébral. Le consentement était obtenu auprès du patient ou d'un parent. Les variables étaient les données sociodémographiques, les données cliniques et pronostiques.Les données étaient analysées à partir du logiciel Epi info 3.5.4 et Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Les proportions étaient comparées par le test de Chi carré ou le test exact de Fisher. Les médianes étaient comparées par le test de MannWhitney. La survie était représentée par une courbe de Kaplan Meier. Résultats. Au total, 34 patients étaient inclus. L'âge moyen était de 59,9±9,7 ans. Le sex-ratio était de 0,7. Le délai moyen d'admission était de 4,5±4,84 jours. L'hypertension artérielle était le facteur de risque dominant (42,5%). Une altération de la conscience était fréquente (73,5%). L'hémiplégie constituait le principal signe neurologique focal. L'AVC hémorragique était retrouvé chez 58,8% des patients. Deux patients étaient intubés (5,88%). Dix-huit décès étaient enregistrés (52,9%). La durée moyenne du séjour était de 21,8±19,4 jours. Les facteurs pronostiques étaient le score de Glasgow <8 (P=0,01), le score de NIHSS≥15 (P=0,001), l'hyperthermie (P=0,04), la présence de trouble de la déglutition à l'entrée (P=0,01) et l'effet de masse au scanner cérébral (P=0,01). Conclusion. Les AVC restent une affection fréquente dans notre pays. La mortalité est élevée.Elle est liée à la gravité clinique et la survenue des complications

Background. Stroke is a frequent pathology. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical, and prognostic aspects of stroke in the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients and Methods. This was a longitudinal descriptive and analytical study, which took place from January to April 2019. We recruited from the intensive care units of three university hospitals in Yaoundé. Any patient hospitalised in the ICU for stroke management who had undergone a brain scan was included. Consent was obtained from the patient or a relative. The variables were socio-demographic data, clinical data, therapeutic data and outcome. Data were analysed using Epi info 3.5.4 and Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Proportions were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Medians were compared by the Mann-Whitney test. Survival was represented by a Kaplan Meier curve. Results. A total of 34 patients were included. The mean age was 59.9±9.7 years. The sex ratio was 0.7. The mean time to admission was 4.5 days ±4.84. Hypertension was the dominant risk factor (42.5%). Altered consciousness was common (73.5%). Hemiplegia was the main focal neurological sign. Hemorrhagic stroke was found in 58.8% of the patients. All patients received general measures. Two patients were intubated (5.88%). Eighteen deaths were recorded (52.9%). The average length of stay was 21.8±19.4 days. Prognostic factors were Glasgow score <8 (P=0.01), NIHSS score≥15 (P=0.001), hyperthermia (P=0.04), presence of swallowing disorder at admission (P=0.01) and mass effect on brain scan (P=0.01). Conclusion. Stroke remains a frequent condition in our country. Mortality is high. It is related to the clinical severity and the occurrence of complications.

Characterization of bacterial swarming motility: a review / 生物工程学报

Swarming motility is a typical synergistic motion, in which bacteria use flagella and Type Ⅳ Pili together to move collectively on semi-solid surfaces. Swarming motility is a hot topic of research in the field of microbiology because of its close relationship with biofilm formation, fruiting bodies formation, pathogen invasion and microbial dispersal and symbiosis. A large number of studies have been conducted on bacterial swarming motility, including changes in the expression of key proteins, changes in chemical communications between bacteria as well as mechanical changes. The expression of flagellin and the level of intracellular c-di-GMP complicatedly regulates the collective behavior of bacteria in colonies, which consequently impacts the swarming motility. The unique physical properties of swarmer cells are conducive to the expansion of the whole colony. Factors such as nutrient and water content in the surrounding growth environment of bacteria also affect the ability of bacteria to swarm to different degrees. It is challenging to construct a universal model of swarming motility based on the molecular mechanisms of swarming in the future.

Sex Estimation of Medial Aspect of the Ischiopubic Ramus in Adults Based on Deep Learning / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the reliability and accuracy of deep learning technology in automatic sex estimation using the 3D reconstructed images of the computed tomography (CT) from the Chinese Han population.@*METHODS@#The pelvic CT images of 700 individuals (350 males and 350 females) of the Chinese Han population aged 20 to 85 years were collected and reconstructed into 3D virtual skeletal models. The feature region images of the medial aspect of the ischiopubic ramus (MIPR) were intercepted. The Inception v4 was adopted as the image recognition model, and two methods of initial learning and transfer learning were used for training. Eighty percent of the individuals' images were randomly selected as the training and validation dataset, and the remaining were used as the test dataset. The left and right sides of the MIPR images were trained separately and combinedly. Subsequently, the models' performance was evaluated by overall accuracy, female accuracy, male accuracy, etc.@*RESULTS@#When both sides of the MIPR images were trained separately with initial learning, the overall accuracy of the right model was 95.7%, the female accuracy and male accuracy were both 95.7%; the overall accuracy of the left model was 92.1%, the female accuracy was 88.6% and the male accuracy was 95.7%. When the left and right MIPR images were combined to train with initial learning, the overall accuracy of the model was 94.6%, the female accuracy was 92.1% and the male accuracy was 97.1%. When the left and right MIPR images were combined to train with transfer learning, the model achieved an overall accuracy of 95.7%, and the female and male accuracies were both 95.7%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The use of deep learning model of Inception v4 and transfer learning algorithm to construct a sex estimation model for pelvic MIPR images of Chinese Han population has high accuracy and well generalizability in human remains, which can effectively estimate the sex in adults.

A Full-Scale Narrative Review On Monkey pox

A developing zoonotic orthopoxvirus with a clinical presentation resembling smallpox is the human monkey pox. A double-stranded DNA virus causes monkey pox (MPX), a viral zoonosis. -For the first time, numerous monkey pox cases and clusters have been recorded simultaneously in endemic and non-endemic nations over a wide range of geographical regions. On 23 July 2022, the World Health Organiza-tion (WHO) declared the monkey pox outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). From May to July 2022, a multi-country outbreak of monkey pox was reported. The recurrence of the disease has caused global panic and a rise in public health concerns. we performed a thorough lit-erature search for MPVX infection PubMed, Google scholar and Elsevier search engines, articles pub-lished in the last 3 months and personal collection of the relevant publications were considered in this review. Despite the fact that this condition has been there for more than 50 years, the recent rise in cases and the growing body of knowledge about it have made it necessary for practicing doctors to conduct a focused review. Therefore, in this review we Summarized the previous concepts, exploring the present, and focusing on future prevention of Monkey pox.

Chiral mesoporous silica nano-screws as an efficient biomimetic oral drug delivery platform through multiple topological mechanisms

In the microscale, bacteria with helical body shapes have been reported to yield advantages in many bio-processes. In the human society, there are also wisdoms in knowing how to recognize and make use of helical shapes with multi-functionality. Herein, we designed atypical chiral mesoporous silica nano-screws (CMSWs) with ideal topological structures (e.g., small section area, relative rough surface, screw-like body with three-dimension chirality) and demonstrated that CMSWs displayed enhanced bio-adhesion, mucus-penetration and cellular uptake (contributed by the macropinocytosis and caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathways) abilities compared to the chiral mesoporous silica nanospheres (CMSSs) and chiral mesoporous silica nanorods (CMSRs), achieving extended retention duration in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and superior adsorption in the blood circulation (up to 2.61- and 5.65-times in AUC). After doxorubicin (DOX) loading into CMSs, DOX@CMSWs exhibited controlled drug release manners with pH responsiveness in vitro. Orally administered DOX@CMSWs could efficiently overcome the intestinal epithelium barrier (IEB), and resulted in satisfactory oral bioavailability of DOX (up to 348%). CMSWs were also proved to exhibit good biocompatibility and unique biodegradability. These findings displayed superior ability of CMSWs in crossing IEB through multiple topological mechanisms and would provide useful information on the rational design of nano-drug delivery systems.

Superficial veins located in dorsolateral aspect of hemispheres on susceptibility-weighted imaging / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate whether physiological asymmetry of normal bilateral superficial veins located in dorsolateral aspects of hemispheres is existed on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Methods There were 45 healthy young volunteers in this study. After exclusion of intracranial lesions by using common brain magnetic resonance imaging examination, they underwent SWI examination. We observed the number, diameter and signal intensity of superficial veins located in dorsolateral aspects of hemispheres according to the images of SWI on transverse sections through the centrum semiovale, trunk of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, and superior colliculus. Results The frequencies of asymmetry of the bilateral superficial veins located in dorsolateral aspects of hemispheres on transverse sections through the centrum semiovale, trunk of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, and superior colliculus were 20.0%, 37.8%, 35.6% and 26.7%, respectively. The frequencies of mild asymmetry of the bilateral superficial veins located in dorsolateral aspects of hemispheres on above transverse sections were 17.8%, 31.1%, 31.1% and 24.4% respectively, and the frequencies of prominent asymmetry were 2.2%, 6.7%, 4.4% and 2.2%, respectively. According to chi square test, there was no gender difference in asymmetry of the bilateral superficial veins located in dorsolateral aspects of hemispheres. Conclusion SWI technique was used to show the physiological asymmetry of the bilateral superficial veins located in dorsolateral aspects of hemispheres on different transverse sections. Most of them are mild. Therefore, when cerebrovascular disease occurs, if transverse sections of images by SWI show asymmetry of the bilateral superficial veins located in dorsolateral aspects of hemispheres, the possibility of physiological phenomenon is needed to take into consideration.

Tree structure and diversity of a Humid Mountain Forest in the protected natural area La Martinica, Veracruz, Mexico / Estructura y diversidad arbórea de un bosque húmedo de montaña en el Área Natural Protegida La Martinica, Veracruz, México

Abstract Introduction: The Humid Mountain Forest (HMF) has the highest number of plants per unit of surface, whose vegetation grows under heterogeneous environmental conditions and possess a high floristic variation. HMF conservation is important due to the biodiversity it harbors and the environmental services it provides. Objective: This work evaluated the effect of the terrain aspect and density of the forest canopy on the structure and tree diversity in La Martinica Protected Natural Area, Mexico. Methods: Stratified sampling was performed in four terrain aspects and two canopy density conditions. Twenty five sampling units of 20 x 25 m were considered, in which the normal diameter (ND), total height and the largest and smallest diameters of the crown of the individuals with a ND ≥ 10 cm were registered. The diversity was estimated by rarefaction curves and the structure was analyzed through the importance value index (IVI) and the forest value index (FVI). Results: 37 species belonging to 30 genera and 24 families were recorded. Greater diversity was observed in the north terrain aspect and in the closed canopy. Tree species with the highest structural values were different between terrain aspect and canopy types; Carpinus tropicalis presented the highest values in the zenithal terrain aspect, Lippia myriocephala in the east and south terrain aspect, and Liquidambar styraciflua in the north. In both canopy types Lippia myriocephala obtained the highest IVI values and FVI in the open canopy; Carpinus tropicalis reached a higher FVI in the closed canopy. Conclusions: Tree structure was different in the four terrain aspects and two canopy conditions studied. The greatest difference in species composition and diversity was observed between the north and east terrain aspects; the north presented the highest richness values, frequent and dominant species.

Resumen Introducción: El Bosque Húmedo de Montaña (BHM) posee el mayor número de especies vegetales por unidad de superficie, cuya vegetación se desarrolla en condiciones ambientales muy heterogéneas y presenta una alta variación florística. La conservación del BHM es importante debido a la biodiversidad que alberga y los servicios ambientales que proporciona. Objetivo: Este trabajo evaluó el efecto de la orientación del terreno y la densidad del dosel del bosque sobre la estructura y diversidad arbórea en el Área Natural Protegida La Martinica, México. Métodos: Se efectuó un muestreo estratificado en cuatro orientaciones del terreno y dos condiciones de densidad del dosel; se consideraron 25 unidades de muestreo de 20 x 25 m, en las que se registró: el diámetro normal (DN), la altura total y los diámetros mayor y menor de la copa de los individuos con un DN ≥10 cm. La diversidad se estimó por medio de curvas de rarefacción y la estructura se analizó con el índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y el índice de valor forestal (IVF). Resultados: Se registraron 37 especies pertenecientes a 30 géneros y 24 familias. Se observó una mayor diversidad en la orientación norte y en el dosel cerrado. Las especies arbóreas con valores estructurales más altos fueron diferentes entre orientaciones y tipos de dosel; Carpinus tropicalis presentó los valores más elevados en la orientación cenital, Lippia myriocephala en las orientaciones este y sur, y Liquidambar styraciflua en la norte. En ambos tipos de dosel Lippia myriocephala obtuvo los valores más altos del IVI e IVF en el dosel abierto; Carpinus tropicalis alcanzó un IVF más elevado en el dosel cerrado. Conclusiones: La estructura arbórea fue diferente en las cuatro orientaciones estudiadas y en las dos condiciones del dosel. La mayor diferencia en composición de especies y diversidad se observó entre las orientaciones norte y este, de ellas, la norte presentó los valores más altos de riqueza, especies frecuentes y dominantes.

Exploration and insights into the cellular internalization and intracellular fate of amphiphilic polymeric nanocarriers

The beneficial or deleterious effects of nanomedicines emerge from their complex interactions with intracellular pathways and their subcellular fate. Moreover, the dynamic nature of plasma membrane accounts for the movement of these nanocarriers within the cell towards different organelles thereby not only influencing their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties but also bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of underlying parameters controlling nanocarrier endocytosis and intracellular fate is essential. In order to direct nanoparticles towards specific sub-cellular organelles the physicochemical attributes of nanocarriers can be manipulated. These include particle size, shape and surface charge/chemistry. Restricting the particle size of nanocarriers below 200 nm contributes to internalization

Health aspects of active bodybuilders: monitoring by multidisciplinary team / Aspectos de salud de los culturistas activos: seguimiento por un equipo multidisciplinario / Aspectos de saúde de fisiculturistas ativos: acompanhamento por equipe multidisciplinar

ABSTRACT Preparation in bodybuilding involves high-intensity workouts and drastic feeding strategies. Little is known about health risks. Athletes (n=510, 59.8% male) were evaluated about health aspects, anthropometry, and blood pressure (BP). Chronic diseases were reported by 6,6%, but 88.9% of them did not treat; 1.9% reported hypertension, with 15.7% having high BP; and 52.5% reported the use of prohibited drugs in the last 6 months. Body mass index was 26.2±2.5 for man and 22.3±2.2 Kg/m2 for woman. Men had lower monitoring than women by physical education professionals, nutritionists, and physicians (p<0.01). Athletes are exposed to health risks factors such as lack of knowledge about diseases, high use of prohibited substances and less monitoring by professionals among men.

Resumo A preparação para o fisiculturismo inclui exercícios de alta intensidade e estratégias alimentares drásticas. Pouco se sabe sobre os riscos à saúde. Atletas (n=510, 59,8% homens) foram avaliados quanto à saúde, antropometria e pressão arterial (PA). Doenças crônicas foram relatadas por 6,6% (88,9% não tratadas); 1,9% relataram hipertensão, mas 15,7% tinham PA elevada; e 52,5% relataram uso de drogas proibidas nos últimos 6 meses. O índice de massa corporal foi 26,2±2,5 para homens e 22,3±2,2 kg/m2 para mulheres. Os homens tiveram menor acompanhamento por profissionais de educação física, nutricionistas e médicos (p <0,01). Os atletas estão expostos a riscos à saúde, como desconhecimento de doenças, alto uso de substâncias proibidas e menor monitorização profissional dos homens.

RESUMEN La preparación en el culturismo incluye ejercicios de alta intensidad y estrategias de alimentación drásticas. Se sabe poco sobre los riesgos para la salud. Los deportistas (n=510, 59,8% hombres) fueron evaluados cuanto a la salud, antropometría y presión arterial (PA). Las enfermedades crónicas fueron reportadas por 6,6% (88,9% no tratavam); 1,9% informó hipertensión, pero 15,7% tenía PA alta; y 52,5% informó el uso de drogas prohibidas en 6 meses. El índice de masa fue 26,2±2,5 para el hombre y 22,3±2,2 kg/m2 para la mujer. Los hombres tuvieron menor seguimiento por profesionales de educación física, nutricionistas y médicos (p<0,01). Los deportistas están expuestos a riesgos para la salud como el desconocimiento de las enfermidades y el alto uso de sustancias prohibidas.

Utilidad de los parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio básicos para predecir infección bacteriana seria en menores de 3 meses que se hospitalizan por síndrome febril sin foco / Utility of basic clinical and laboratory parameters to predict Serious Bacterial Infection in children younger than 3 months old hospitalized for Febrile Syndrome without Source

Resumen: Introducción: Un 20% de los niños con síndrome febril se presenta como síndrome febril sin foco (SFSF). Las es trategias de manejo en este grupo presentan alta sensibilidad, pero baja especificidad. Objetivos: Ca racterizar las infecciones bacterianas serias (IBS) en menores de 3 meses hospitalizados por SFSF, y evaluar utilidad de parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio en la identificación de pacientes con alto riesgo de IBS. Pacientes y Método: Estudio prospectivo en pacientes < 3 meses hospitalizados entre enero 2014 y noviembre 2015 por SFSF en dos hospitales pediátricos de la Región Metropolitana. Criterios de inclusión: edad 4 días - 3 meses, fiebre > 38°C de < 72 h de evolución sin causa demostra ble. Criterios de exclusión: uso de antimicrobianos hasta 7 días previo a su ingreso, prematuros < 34 semanas, peso de nacimiento < 2 kg e inmunocomprometidos. Se registraron datos demográficos, clínicos, y exámenes de laboratorio, hemograma y PCR, diagnóstico de egreso, IBS descartada, IBS probable o confirmada. Resultados: 32% de los pacientes egresó con diagnóstico de IBS, 28% con diagnóstico de infección viral o probablemente viral, 34% con diagnóstico de SFSF no especificado y 6% SFSF por otras causas. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en PCR, leucocitosis, aspecto tóxico ni horas de fiebre al ingreso al comparar los grupos con y sin IBS (p > 0,05). La combinación de parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio mostro sensibilidad de 27%, especificidad de 90%, VPP 60% y VPN 71%. Conclusión: No fue posible establecer que parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio permitan identificar menores de 3 meses con alto riesgo de IBS, manteniendo su utilidad como indicadores de bajo riesgo. Es necesario contar con otros elementos clínicos y de laboratorio que permitan discrimi nar IBS de infecciones virales.

Abstract: Introduction: In 20% of children with febrile syndrome, it appears as fever of unknown origin (FUO) syndrome. Management strategies in this group have high sensitivity but low specificity. Objectives: To cha racterize serious bacterial infections (SBI) in children younger than three months old hospitalized because of FUO syndrome and to evaluate the utility of clinical and laboratory parameters in the identification of patients that are at high risk of SBI. Patients and Method: Prospective study in patients aged < 3 months hospitalized due to FUO syndrome between January 2014 and November 2015 in two pediatric hospitals in the Metropolitan Region. Inclusion criteria: age 4 days - 3 months, fever > 38°C longer than 72 hours after onset without demonstrable cause. Exclusion criteria: anti microbial use up to 7 days before admission, preterm infants < 34 weeks, birth weight < 2 kg, and im munocompromised. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory tests data were recorded as well as blood count and CRP, discharge diagnosis, and ruled out, probable or confirmed SBI. Results: 32% of the patients were discharged with diagnosis of SBI, 28% with diagnosis of viral or probably viral infec tion, 34% with diagnosis of not specified FUO syndrome, and 6% due to other causes. There were no significant differences in the CRP value, altered WBCs count, toxic aspect, or hours of fever at the admission when comparing groups with and without SBI (p < 0.05). The combination of clinical and laboratory parameters showed 27% of sensitivity, 90% of specificity, 60% of PPV, and 71% of NPV. Conclusion: It was not possible to establish clinical and laboratory parameters that allow the identifi cation of children younger than 3 months old at high risk of SBI, however, they maintain their value as low risk indicators. It is necessary further investigation of other clinical and laboratory elements that allow discriminating SBI from viral infections.

Preventive And Promotive Aspect Of Music Therapy In Management Of Job Stress With Special Reference To Nursing Profession

World Health Organization stated that growing stress at workplace is epidemic now. A certain amount of stress and anxiety is normal at work place, but persistent, excessive, and irrational anxiety due to job stress causes various physical and psychological impairment. Nursing profession is a caring profession but it is identified as one of the most stressful job profession which affects not only physical and mental health of the nurses but also interfere in their job efficiency. Indian classical music is based on ragas. Ragas have power to alleviates and cures various ailments by inducing electromagnetic change in the body. Various studies indicating that Ragas improve psychological function of the body and simultaneously relaxing body and mind by enhancing alpha waves of the brain. The present write up is an effort to discuss the opportunities of Music Therapy for its preventive and health promotive dimensions specially to enhance quality of life of professionals and to overcome them from anxiety and depression develop due to job stress.

Experimental infection by Anaplasma marginale in buffaloes and cattle: clinical, hematological, molecular and pathological aspects / Infecção experimental de Anaplasma marginale em búfalos e bovinos: aspectos clínicos, hematológicos, moleculares e patológicos

The study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical, laboratory and pathological aspects of buffalo and bovine experimentally infected with AmRio 2 strain of Anaplasma marginale. Four Murrah buffaloes and four crossbred cattle were used in the experiment, which two animals of each species were splenectomized. Strain AmRio 2 of A. marginale was inoculated in all experimental animals. Clinical exams, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), blood counts, blood smears, rickettsemia, necropsy and histopathology were performed in all cases. Semi-Nested-PCR (snPCR) for the msp5 and snPCR for the msp1α target gene for identification of A. marginale in blood samples from animals was done. From positive samples for msp1α snPCR, samples were analyzed for the amino acid sequences of this gene. Two splenectomized cattle presented apathy, pale mucous membranes, jaundice, hyperthermia, and severe anemia. The remaining experimental animals did not show clinical signs. The rickettsemia in all animals was less than 1%. The mean PCV of the splenectomized cattle was below 20% at two-time points after infection. On the blood count, the main changes were observed in splenectomized calves and were characterized by a decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin, PCV and platelets (p <0.05). All animals presented leukocyte elevation by increased lymphocytes, however, with no significant difference. The average prepatent period was two days in all the animals. The average incubation period in cattle that became ill was 25.5 days, and death occurred, on average, 63 days after inoculation of the strain. The necropsy findings were characterized by pale carcass, ascites, enlarged liver, distended gallbladder, and thick bile. Histopathological findings included infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes in various organs, hepatic sinusoidal dilatation, and necrosis of the large intestine. In snPCR for the msp5 gene, 100% of the animals were positive in at least one evaluation. And in the snPCR for the infection of the msp1α target gene was also found in all animals in at least one sample evaluated. However, sequencing revealed only five animals, including the bovine which died, with a similarity of the amino acid sequences with AmRio 2 strain of A. marginale. It is concluded that the splenectomized cattle died due to anaplasmosis caused by the inoculated strain and the buffalo were more resistant compared to cattle. Buffaloes can be an alternative to cattle rearing in areas with a high occurrence of clinical cases of anaplasmosis.(AU)

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar os aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e patológicos de búfalos e bovinos infectados experimentalmente com estirpe AmRio 2 de Anaplasma marginale. Para isso, foram utilizados quatro bubalinos Murrah e quatro bovinos mestiços, sendo dois animais de cada espécie, esplenectomizados. Estirpe AmRio 2 de A. marginale foi inoculada em todos os animais. Foram realizados exames clínicos, hematócrito, hemograma, esfregaço sanguíneo com avaliação de riquetsemia, necropsia e histopatologia, além de, Semi-Nested-PCR (snPCR) para o gene alvo msp5 e snPCR para o gene alvo msp1α para identificação de A. marginale nas amostras de sangue dos ruminantes. A partir das amostras positivas na snPCR msp1α, foram selecionadas amostras para análise das sequências de aminoácidos deste gene. Dois bovinos esplenectomizados apresentaram apatia, mucosas pálidas, icterícia, hipertermia e anemia severa. O restante dos animais não apresentou sintomatologia clínica. A riquetsemia em todos os animais foi menor que 1%. A média do hematócrito dos bovinos esplenectomizados esteve abaixo de 20% em dois momentos após infecção. Ao hemograma, as principais alterações observadas foram nos bovinos esplenectomizados e caracterizaram-se por redução de hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito e plaquetas (p<0,05). Todos os animais apresentaram elevação de leucócitos por aumento de linfócitos, porém, sem diferença significativa. O período pré-patente médio foi de dois dias em todos os animais. O período de incubação médio nos bovinos que adoeceram foi de 25,5 dias e estes morreram em média 63 dias após inoculação da estirpe. Os achados de necropsia caracterizaram-se por carcaça pálida, ascite, aumento de volume do fígado, vesícula biliar distendida e bile espessa. À histopatologia, verificou-se infiltração de macrófagos e linfócitos em diversos órgãos, dilatação dos sinusoides hepáticos e necrose do intestino grosso. A snPCR para o gene msp5, revelou 100% dos animais positivos em pelo menos um momento de avaliação. E na snPCR para o gene alvo msp1α também verificou-se infecção em todos os animais em pelo menos uma amostra avaliada. Entretanto, o sequenciamento revelou apenas cinco animais, incluindo os bovinos que morreram, com similaridade das sequências de aminoácidos com estirpe AmRio 2 de A. marginale. Conclui-se que os bovinos esplenectomizados morreram em virtude de anaplasmose provocada pela estirpe inoculada e os bubalinos foram mais resistentes em comparação aos bovinos. Finalmente, os búfalos podem ser uma alternativa à criação de bovinos em áreas com alta ocorrência de casos clínicos de anaplasmose.(AU)

Relationship of aspect transverse ratio and capsule invasion of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with different size and location / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To analyze the ultrasonic features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) with different size and location,and to investigate the relationship of aspect transverse ratio (A/T) and capsule invasion in PTMC.Methods Totally 407 patients of PTMC with 495 nodules confirmed by pathology were enrolled.The nodules were divided into largest diameter≤0.5 cm group and largest diameter＞0.5 cm group.The ultrasonic signs of nodules were observed,and the relationship between A/T and thyroid capsule invasion was analyzed.Results The differences of blood type,relationship with capsule,calcification,morphology and A/T were statistically significant between the two groups (all P＜0.05).In nodules closed to capsule and A/T≥1,the rate of capsule invasion in diameter＞0.5 cm group (117/185,63.24％) was higher than that in diameter≤0.5 cm group (25/61,40.98％,P＜0.01).Taking A/T≥1 as the standard,the sensitivity of A/T in estimating capsule invasion of nodules closed to capsule in diameter≤0.5 cm group and diameter＞ 0.5 cm group was 89.29％ and 73.58％,the specificity was 29.41％ and 37.61％,respectively.In nodules adjacent to capsule and broken through capsule,the difference of capsule invasion rate was not significant between nodules with A/T≥1 and A/T＜1 (both P＞0.05).In nodules that contact capsule,the capsule invasion rate of A/T≥1 nodules (46/67,68.66％) was higher than that of A/T＜1 (10/27,37.04％).Taking A/T≥1 as the standard,the sensitivity of A/T in estimating capsule invasion of nodules touched capsule was 82.14％,and the specificity was 44.74％.Conclusion Ultrasonography can show the size,A/T and relationship with capsule in PTMC,which can provide diagnostic evidences in judging capsule invasion of PTMC.

DWI-ASPECTS predicts collateral circulation compensation in patients with acute middle cerebral artery infarction after intravenous thrombolysis / 实用医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score on diffusion weight-ed imaging(DWI-ASPECTS)in predicting the leptomeningeal collateral circulation(LMA)compensation of isch-emic stroke with middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion after intravenous thrombolysis. Methods A total of 178 patients with ischemic stroke confirmed as severe middle cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion by imaging were enrolled in the study.All the patients were treated by rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis.The baseline clinical date, DWI-ASPECTS,mRS and NIHSS were collected. LMA was assessed by cranio-cervical CTA. Results Compared with the poor collateral circulation group,the triglyceride level and DWI-ASPECTS were significantly increased in good collateral circulation group(P<0.05).The proportion of hypertension,NIHSS score,mRS score in good col-lateral circulation group were significantly lower than those in the poor collateral circulation group(P < 0.05). Compared with the poor collateral circulation group,insula,the ASPECTS areas M1 to M4,M6 and insula showed significantly fewer infarctions in good collateral circulation group(P<0.05).ROC analysis showed the area under ROC curve(AUC)of DWI-ASPECTS to predict LMA compensation were 0.932,the cutoff point of DWI-ASPECTS was 7.5.the sensitivity and specificity were 81.% and 94.1%.Conclusions The tissue protective role of good lepto-meningeal collateralization seems to be more pronounced in cortical and subcortical areas M1 to M4,M6 and the in-sula.DWI-ASPECTS can effectively predict the collateral circulation compensation in patients with acute middle ce-rebral artery infarction.

Polarization and Arrangement of Epithelial Cells in the Embryonic Development of Drosophila / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the polarization and arrangement of epithelial cells in the embryonic development of drosophila. Methods A finite element model was established to simulate the development of drosophila egg, and an ABAQUS UMAT user subroutine that describes the growth of materials was developed. The developmental process of the stages 8 (S8) to the initial state of the stage 10 (S10) was simulated， and the direction of principal stress and the distribution of the in-plane maximum shear stress (MSS) in the epithelial cell layer was analyzed, in order to predict the polarization and arrangement of the epithelial cells. Results The orientation of the epithelial cells was consistent with the direction of the maximum principal stress, and the aspect ratio of cells was proportional to the magnitude of the MSS. Conclusions The polarization and arrangement of the epithelial cells are controlled by the stress state in the tissues.

Rapid Preparation of Micro-sized Gold Nanorods / 分析化学

The effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ( CTAB) , ascorbic acid, NaBH4 and AgNO3 , as well as the stirring time and reaction time on the preparation of gold nanorods synthesized with seedless growth method were studied. The optimum preparation conditions were obtained in the process of growth of gold nanorods. The gold nanorods prepared under different conditions were characterized by visible absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) . Under the optimum conditions such as room temperature, 0. 1 mol/L CTAB, 96 μmol/L AgNO3 , 0. 97 mmol/L ascorbic acid, 1. 5 μmol/L NaBH4 and stirring for 25 s, micro-sized gold nanorods with uniform morphology, good dispersibility, small shaft width and high aspect ratio were prepared within 6 h. The gold nanorods were expected to be applied to the detection of mercury ion in water environment.

Rapid Preparation of Micro-sized Gold Nanorods / 分析化学

The effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ( CTAB) , ascorbic acid, NaBH4 and AgNO3 , as well as the stirring time and reaction time on the preparation of gold nanorods synthesized with seedless growth method were studied. The optimum preparation conditions were obtained in the process of growth of gold nanorods. The gold nanorods prepared under different conditions were characterized by visible absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) . Under the optimum conditions such as room temperature, 0. 1 mol/L CTAB, 96 μmol/L AgNO3 , 0. 97 mmol/L ascorbic acid, 1. 5 μmol/L NaBH4 and stirring for 25 s, micro-sized gold nanorods with uniform morphology, good dispersibility, small shaft width and high aspect ratio were prepared within 6 h. The gold nanorods were expected to be applied to the detection of mercury ion in water environment.

Ecological basis of epiphytic Dendrobium officinale growth on cliff / 中国中药杂志

In order to make Dendrobium officinale return to the nature, the temperature and humidity in whole days of the built rock model with different slopes and aspects in the natural distribution of wild D. officinale in Tianmu Mountain were recorded by MH-WS01 automatic recorder. The results showed that the slope has a significant impact on the extreme temperature on the surface of the rocks. In summer, the extreme temperature on the surface of horizontal or soft rock can reach to 69.4 ℃, while the temperatures were lower than 50 ℃ on the vertical rock. In winter, the temperatures on the surface of vertical rock were higher and the low temperature duration was shorter than those on the horizontal or soft rock. Also, the humidity of the rocks was significantly influenced by the slope. The monthly average humidity on the surface of vertical rock was above 80%RH. Furthermore, the aspect had a significant impact on the temperature and humidity on the surface of the rocks, but had no significant effect on the daily mean temperature and extreme temperature on the surface of vertical rock. Therefore, the slope affects the survival of D. officinale by affecting the extreme temperature of rocks and affects the growth of D. officinale by affecting the humidity. The choice of slope is the key to the success of cliff epiphytic cultivation for D. officinale.

Some aspects need to focus on in humanistic quality education of undergraduate clinical medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The humanistic quality education of undergraduate clinical medical students is a system of education throughout the whole process of medical education.Some aspects include new career planning education,medical humanities quality courses,social practice,professional courses,clinical practice and evaluation of humanistic quality education need to design and control,which are necessary to achieve a good education results.

Ulnar Nerve, Its Termination and Superficial Branches in Hand: A Cadaveric Study.

Introduction: Nerves supplying the hand are notoriously variable in their divisions and their course; do not follow any standard pattern. The palmar aspect of hand is supplied by median and ulnar nerve. The clinical importance of Guyon’s canal is emphasized due to the various branching patterns of the ulnar nerve in this canal. The palmar aspect of hand is usually supplied by ulnar nerve and median nerve. Medial one and a half fingers are supplied by ulnar nerve and lateral three and a half fingers are supplied by the median nerve. The branches of ulnar nerve are notoriously variable morphologically and no standard pattern can be given regarding the course of these branches. Presence of trifurcation of ulnar nerve or communications of superficial branches to median nerve do not cause symptoms usually but becomes important during surgical and orthopaedic interventions. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 40 hands (20 left and 20 right ) of preserved adult human cadavers.The roof of the Guyon’s canal was opened with care not to disturb the stuctures. The ulnar nerve observed for its terminal branches, the course of its superficial branches was observed. The point of division of superficial branch into digital branches was measured from bistyloid line. The point of origin of superficial communicating branch from superficial branch or digital branch of ulnar nerve to median nerve was observed from bistyloid line. Observations: In 29 hands the ulnar nerve showed bifurcation, in 10 hands it trifurcated in the Guyon’s canal and in 1 right hand of a male cadaver there was higher division of the ulnar nerve and trifurcation.The superficial branch was observed for its course and division from bistyloid line. The superficial branch gave rise to 2 digital branches in 27 hands and it gave 3 branches i.e. 2 digital branches and 1 communicating branch to medialmost digital branch of median nerve in 13 hands. The typical ramus communicans from digital branch of ulnar nerve to the medial most digital branch of median nerve was observed in 27 hands.(67.5%). Conclusion: This study attempted at exploring the superficial anatomy of ulnar nerve in hand.The branching pattern of the ulnar nerve in Guyon’s canal is variable as there is no exact level at which the nerve terminates.The superficial communicating branch to median nerve though present in all the hands but the typical ramus communicans was observed in 67.5% of specimens. Thus surgical procedures in hand should be planned carefully keeping in mind in advance such variations which can be encountered.