Infección por el virus del papiloma humano en adolescentes y adultas jóvenes / Infection with human papillomavirus in adolescents and young adults

La infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) se encuentra asociada a diferentes lesiones que van desde benignas hasta malignas. Los mayores picos de prevalencia de dicha infección se encuentran en mujeres entre los 15-24 años de edad. El objetivo es realizar una revisión de la literatura científica actual sobre la prevalencia de la infección por el VPH en mujeres menores de 25 años a nivel mundial. Para este fin se utilizaron las bases de datos, PubMed, MedLine, BioMed Central y SciELO. En este grupo etario se observó una alta frecuencia de infección por VPH, así como un elevado riesgo de desarrollar lesiones premalignas. La edad de la primera relación sexual, el número de compañeros sexuales, el tipo de VPH infectante y la persistencia viral, mostraron ser factores de riesgo significativos para la transformación maligna. La prevención, como un método para evitar la infección por estos virus, es un arma promisoria en la lucha contra el cáncer cérvico uterino(AU)

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is associated with different lesions ranging from benign to malignant. The highest prevalence peaks of this infection are found in women between 15-24 years of age. To conduct a review of the current scientific literature on the prevalence of HPV infection in women under 25 years of age worldwide. Databases, PubMed, MedLine, BioMed Central and SciELO were used for this purpose. In this age group a high frequency of HPV infection was observed, as well as a high risk of developing premalignant lesions. The age of first intercourse, the number of sexual partners, the type of HPV infection and viral persistence, were significant risk factors for malignant transformation. Prevention, as a method to avoid infection by these viruses, is a promising weapon in the fight against cervical cancer(AU)

Prevalence of most commonly reported tobacco‑associated lesions in central Gujarat: A hospital‑based cross‑sectional study.

Background: Oral cancer is a major health problem in tobacco users worldwide and is one of the ten most common cancers. India alone accounts for 1/3rd of the world’s oral cancer and has a high rate of potentially malignant disorders (PMDs). The most common predisposing factors are smoking, smokeless tobacco, betel nut in quid form (pan), alcohol, spicy food, and sharp broken tooth. There are various tobacco‑associated lesions (TALs) which can be diagnosed at very early stage. This study was conducted to rule out association of smoking and smokeless tobacco with occurrence of TALs and its dose‑response relationship. Materials and Methods: Total of 60,018 patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology from January 2013 to December 2014 with different oral and dental symptoms were screened. Of these, 4795 patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria formed the cohort of the present study. All the patients were informed regarding the study and an informed verbal consent was obtained, following which they were interviewed for tobacco‑related habits and examined by the trained dental professionals for the presence of any lesion. Along with patients’ demographic details, information regarding the type of habit, duration, and frequency was recorded. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 13.1 software (STATA 13.1 software by Stata Corp Ltd India Continent) by applying Pearson’s Chi‑square test with Fisher’s exact test, Independent t‑test, and ANOVA test. Results: The overall study population showed maximum cases having habit of smokeless tobacco (37.9%) and smoking tobacco (36.5%). The overall prevalence of TALs was found to be 7.98%. Our study found strong relation of duration and frequency of habit with respect to occurrence of the lesions. Conclusion: TALs are often subtle and asymptomatic. Therefore, it is important for the clinician to maintain a high index of suspicion, especially if risk factors such as tobacco habits are present.

Relationship of retinal lesions and postoperative visual acuity of cataract phacoemulsification / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM: To study the relationship of retinal associated lesions and postoperative visual acuity of cataract phacoemulsification. METHODS:From February 2013 to February 2014, 120 cases with given cataract phacoemulsification were divided into observation group and control group. Cases in observation group were with of retinal associated lesions, those in control group were without retinal associated lesions. The best corrected visual acuity, ision acuity, visual evoked potential, intraocular pressure were compared between two groups. RESULTS:Two weeks after surgery, visual acuity in observation group was higher than those of before therapy. Visual acuity recovery rate of observation group was significantly slower than that of control group; best corrected vision, visual acuity in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group;observation group's amplitude (12. 01±4. 50ü V) was significantly lower than control group, incubation period (114. 29±11. 32ms) was significantly higher than control group; After 6, 12, 24h, intraocular pressure (23. 64 ± 4. 28, 24. 12 ± 5. 13 and 18. 28± 3. 22mmHg) were significantly higher than control group. CONCLUSlON: Retinal associated lesions can lead to visual evoked potential change, elevated lOP, affect postoperative visual recovery level.

Ankle Lesions, Associated with Anterior Soft Tissue Impingement / 대한족부족관절학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical features of ankle lesions, associated with anterior soft tissue impingement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 21 patients who had chronic anterior ankle pain as initial symptom and associated ankle lesions with anterior soft tissue impingement. Based on preoperative radiologic findings, physical examination intra-operative findings, appropriate procedures were done for lesions by either arthroscopic or minimal open procedure or combined. Clinical evaluation was done using American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society, ankle-hind foot score (AOFAS score) and visual analog scale (VAS) on last follow up. RESULTS: Associated lesion(s) to anterior soft tissue impingement of the ankle were 16 cases of osteochondral lesion of talus, 14 cases of bony impingement, 6 cases of ankle lateral instability, 5 cases of loose body, 4 cases of os subfibulare. AOFAS score was 58.9 +/- 5.1 preoperatively and 74 +/- 9.1 on last follow up. Clinical satisfaction score using VAS showed excellent in 3 cases, good in 11, fair in 3, poor in 4. CONCLUSION: The patients who had anterior soft tissue impingement would have various associated lesions on their ankle. In such cases, preoperative counseling for variety of postoperative results would be needed.

A Comparison of Outcomes after Acute and Chronic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical outcomes of a reconstruction with an autogenous hamstring tendon for an acute and chronic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 71 patients who had undergone an ACL reconstruction with an autogenous hamstring tendon from December 2003 to June 2006. The patients were divided into two groups, reconstruction for an acute injury with 34 knees and reconstruction for a chronic injury with 37 knees. The clinical results were evaluated using the Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lachman test, Pivot shift test, KT-1000 arthrometer, and a Cybex isokinetic test for the strength of the knee flexor and extensor. The presence of associated intra-articular lesions was also investigated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the stability evaluated by the Lachman test, pivot shift test and KT-1000 arthrometer at the final follow-up (p=0.732, 0.479, 0.078). However, the acute group scored significantly higher with respect to the clinical outcome measured by the Lysholm scores and IKDC rating system at the final follow-up (P=0.042, 0.012). There was a significantly higher incidence of associated intra-articular lesions in the chronic group than those in the acute group (P=0.003). CONCLUSION: A reconstruction for acute ACL injuries showed more satisfactory clinical results and less associated intraarticular lesions than a reconstruction for chronic ACL injuries.

Associated Lesions of Magnetic Resonance Image in the Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability / 대한족부족관절학회지

PURPOSE: This retrospective study was designed to determine the type and frequency of associated lesions in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability who had modified Brostrom lateral ankle ligament reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Between 2004 and 2007, 60 cases of 60 patients were enrolled in this study. A retrospective review of the magnetic resonance images of the affected ankle was conducted by two orthopedic surgeons who did not get any information about intraoperative findings and the lesions were admitted when two doctors were coincident. RESULTS:The overall incidence of associated lesions found in this study was about 83%. Peroneal tenosynovitis was the highest frequency (32%), followed by osteochondral lesion of talus (28%), anterolateral impingement (15%), Os subfibula (13%), Os trigonum (12%), ankle synovitis (12%), anterior tibiofibular ligament tear (15%), anterior bony spur (7%). Another findings were loose bodies (5%), flexor tendon tenosynovitis (5%), medial osteophyte (3%). CONCLUSION: Identifying these associated lesions will be helpful in treating chronic lateral ankle instability especially when the surgeon have a plan to operate the instability. We suggest that the better results can be obtained when the associated lesions are corrected simultaneously.