Pharmacodynamic Substances and Action Mechanisms of Chaihu Shugansan in Antidepressant Treatment： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Depression is a kind of complex mental illness， which is mainly treated by western medicine at present， but the effect of western antidepressant drugs is not good due to the combined influence of side effects and individual differences of patients. Depression is a "stagnation syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine， and its treatment principle is to disperse stagnated liver Qi for relieving Qi stagnation. The classic traditional Chinese medicine formula Chaihu Shugansan （CHSGS） has a long history of treating depression and demonstrates significant therapeutic efficacy. Clinically， the addition and subtraction of CHSGS is flexible， but the properties of the active ingredients are vague， and the mechanism and function are unclear. In order to elucidate the pharmacodynamic basis and antidepressant mechanism of CHSGS， this article reviews the pharmacodynamic material basis of CHSGS， clinical research and antidepressant mechanism research progress. Clinically， CHSGS can treat various types of depression such as primary depression， post-stroke depression， and postpartum depression. This article summarizes 32 main ingredients of CHSGS， among which albiflorin， ferulic acid， naringin， hesperidin， saikosaponin a， glycyrrhetinic acid， tangeretin， meranzin hydrate， nobiletin and glycyrrhizic acid are the quality markers （Q-markers） for the antidepressant effect of CHSGS. The antidepressant mechanism of CHSGS is complex， including regulating monoamine neurotransmitters， hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， neurotrophic factors， inflammatory response， cell damage-related pathways， oxidative stress， etc. This article helps to deeply understand the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanism of CHSGS in treating depression， and provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of CHSGS in treating depression and the development of antidepressant drugs.

Biological Basis of Premature Ejaculation Based on Theory of "Brain-heart-kidney-semen Chamber" Axis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The theory of "brain-heart-kidney-semen chamber" axis is proposed based on the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine， the modern physiological characteristics of men's diseases， and clinical practice. According to this theory， dysfunctions of the brain， heart， kidney， and semen chamber are the core mechanisms for the occurrence of premature ejaculation， and the loss of control of the opening and closing of the seminal orifices due to the dysfunction of the semen chamber is the final link in the occurrence of premature ejaculation. The treatment of premature ejaculation based on the theory of "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis highlights the overall regulation of the Zang-fu organs involved in the disease， while focusing on the simultaneous treatment of the mind and body. By exploring the biological basis of the "brain-heart-kidney-essence chamber" axis and premature ejaculation， we propose that the biological basis of premature ejaculation and the axis is mainly related to the function decline of the local brain area， neuromodulation malfunction， central neurotransmitter imbalance， endocrine disorders， and enhanced sensory afferents of the penis. This study aims at providing a new approach for the prevention and treatment of premature ejaculation by traditional Chinese medicine and a scientific basis for the development of more effective therapeutic methods.

Moral Schema Based on the Integration of the Mechanism of Moral Injury / 中国医学伦理学

Moral injury is a kind of trauma symptom caused by the impact of external immoral events on the internal moral value system of individuals or groups. Its origin lies in the deviation between individual’s internal moral schema and external moral situation. As a collection of moral consciousness units with value orientation in the regular activities of individuals in the moral environment, moral schema is composed of periphery and core. Moral schema realizes the domination of moral ego by supervising individual’s speech and behavior, exercising moderate control over individuals based on moral practice, and examining individual behavior with self-guilt as the tool of judgment. Moral schema is selective about what happened and acts as a filter for trauma events. Based on this, individuals can interpret or be subverted by moral events, thus playing a preventive role in moral injury.

Historical Evolution and Modern Research Progress of Processing of Scutellariae Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By consulting ancient herbal books and modern literature， this paper systematically sorted out and researched the processing history， relevant processing norms in recent years， modern processing technology， chemical composition changes of processed products and their pharmacological mechanism of Scutellariae Radix， in order to provide a basis for the further development of Scutellariae Radix decoction pieces. According to the textual research of ancient books， there were many kinds of processing auxiliary materials of Scutellariae Radix， such as wine， vinegar， salt， honey， pig bile and so on， among which the wine processing was the most diverse and detailed， and the processed products such as raw products， stir-fried products， wine-processed products， fried charcoal products were still in use. The modern processing techniques of Scutellariae Radix mainly focus on the processing aspects of softening and slicing， wine processing and charcoal frying， and the research methods are relatively unified. At present， it is found that the changed chemical constituents of Scutellariae Radix after processing are flavonoids， polysaccharides， volatile oils and trace elements， etc. Pharmacological effects of processed products are hemostasis， antibacterial， anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， analgesic and antipyretic， treatment of lung diseases， treatment of colitis， etc. However， in the studies of Scutellariae Radix processing， there is a lack of research on the structural changes of chemical components caused by processing and a comprehensive comparative study on the pharmacological effects of various processed products. Based on this， it is suggested to carry out systematic research on the processing technology to processing mechanism， further explore the relationship between the change rule of material basis and pharmacological action before and after processing of Scutellariae Radix， and deepen the exploration of molecular mechanism and clinical application of processed products of Scutellariae Radix， in order to clarify the scientific connotation of the processing mechanism of Scutellariae Radix， and lay a foundation for the subsequent expansion of the application of Scutellariae Radix decoction pieces and the formulation of processing standards.

Research on Material Basis of Homologous and Heterogeneous Effect of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus Based on Total Statistical Moment Analysis and Molecular Connectivity Index / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the material basis of homologous and heterogeneous effect of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus（AFI） and Aurantii Fructus（AF） based on the total statistical moment analysis and molecular connectivity index（MCI）. MethodRelevant literature at home and abroad and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP） were consulted to establish the chemical composition database of AFI and AF， and set up their fingerprints by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography（UPLC）， and the total statistical moments and similarity parameters of the fingerprint were calculated. According to MCI， all components of AFI and AF were divided into different component groups， the average values of 0-8th order（0χ-8χ） MCI of the common component groups of AFI and AF were calculated. ResultThe values of total zero-order moment（AUCT） of AFI and AF were （10.57±2.45）×106， （5.09±0.89）×106 μV·s， the values of total first-order moment（MCRTT） were （11.57±1.58）， （12.10±1.29） min， the values of total second-order moments（VCRTT） were（24.49±2.30）， （26.49±2.54） min2， respectively. It showed that qualitative and quantitative parameters of AFI and AF were significantly different. The components with high similarity such as neohesperidin， hesperidin and narirutin were screened as the common potential pharmacodynamic components of AFI and AF. The non-common components of AFI， such as alysifolinone and imperatorin， and the non-common components of AF， such as neoeriocitrin and isosakuranin， with high similarity were screened out as potential heterogeneous components of AFI and AF. The composition groups of AFI and AF were classified into six categories， and the similarities between the composition groups of AFI and AF and the total constituents were 0.872-0.979 and 0.918-0.997， the average values of 0χ-8χ MCI of alkaloids in AFI and AF were 3.65 and 3.14， the average values of 0χ-8χ MCI of flavonoids were 8.47 and 8.47， the average values of 0χ-8χ MCI of volatile oils were 2.71 and 3.48， respectively. It showed that there were some differences in MCI of chemical constituents（groups） between AFI and AF. ConclusionThe chemical constituents（groups） of AFI and AF not only differ in content and species， but also in structural characteristics and structure-activity relationship， which can provide a basis for further explaining the scientific connotation of homologous and heterogeneous effect of AFI and AF.

Research on material basis and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine based on intestinal metabolomics / 药学学报

The pharmacodynamic substance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important basis for its mechanism and quality control, and also a key scientific issue for the inheritance and development of TCM. However, the complex characteristics of multi-component, multi-target and integrity of TCM, as well as the limitations of modern scientific research technical methods, have brought great challenges to the research. The interactions between Chinese medicine and intestinal flora provide us with a new idea. Based on the effective role of TCM and the hypothesis of correlation between intestinal flora and disease, the research on the material basis and mechanism of action of TCM based on intestinal metabolomics mostly explored the relationship between microflora and host phenotype, gradually deepening, and finally focused on the relationship between intestinal strains and molecular levels. This paper summarized the research ideas and key technologies of this model, in order to provide reference for the application of this model.

Correlation Analysis Between Material Basis and Color Characteristics of Polygoni Multiflori Radix Decoction Pieces During Ancient Classical Nine-time Repeating Steaming and Sun-drying Processing / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the dynamic changes of the main chemical components and color characteristics of Polygoni Multiflori Radix（PMR） during the process of ancient classical nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying， and to explore the correlation between the changes. MethodHigh performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to determine the contents of gallic acid， stilbene glycoside， emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside， physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside， emodin and physcion in PMR during the process of nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying， and electronic eye technology was used to objectively characterize the color of PMR during the process. Partial least squares（PLS） was used to analyze the correlation between the content of main components and the color characteristics. ResultDuring the nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying process of PMR， the content of gallic acid gradually increased with the increase of steaming and sun-drying times， and the contents of other components showed fluctuating changes， with an overall decreasing trend in the contents of stilbene glycoside， emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside and physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside， and an overall increasing trend in the contents of emodin and physcion. The results of electronic eye analysis showed that the color of PMR became dark， red and blue in the process of nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA） and principal component analysis（PCA） of the contents of six main components and the colors showed that the samples steamed and sun-dried for one to four times could be grouped into one category， the other five categories of samples could be grouped into another category. Gallic acid and stilbene glycoside were significantly correlated with the color indexes of PMR during the process of nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying. ConclusionThe general changes of material basis and color characteristics of PMR during the process of ancient classical nine-time repeating steaming and sun-drying have certain rules， and the establishment of the correlation model between color and index components can realize the judgment and quality evaluation of processing degree of PMR decoction pieces.

Historical Evolution and Modern Research Progress of Processing of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

By reviewing the relevant literature of ancient herbal works and modern codices， this paper sorted out the historical evolution and developmental venation of processing of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. On this basis， the modern research of processed products of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma was used as the breakthrough point to analyze the literature in terms of processing technology， chemical composition changes and changes in pharmacological effects before and after processing. According to the research status of processing of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma， some existing problems were analyzed in this paper， such as not many ancient processing methods used in modern time， lack of standardized research on processing technology. And saponins， polysaccharides， amino acids， flavonoids and other chemical components in Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma may change to different degrees before and after processing， which was the main reason for the difference of efficacy before and after processing. However， the current research on the pharmacological effects of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma mainly focuses on raw products， resulting in a lack of in-depth research on the transformation mechanism of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in processing difference， and the scientific connotation of "Shengxiao Shubu" has not been clearly elaborated， which is not conducive to the standardized clinical use of drugs. Therefore， it is necessary to further analyze the material basis of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and its processed products， and to explore the change rule of chemical components before and after processing and its correlation with pharmacodynamic activity， so as to clarify the processing mechanism for providing scientific basis for its standardized processing， quality control and clinical rational use.

Separation, characterization and anti-psoriasis effect of self-assembled nanoparticles from Shaoyao Gancao Decoction / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to separate and characterize self-assembled nanoparticles(SAN) from Shaoyao Gancao Decoction(SGD) and determine the content of active compounds. Further, we aimed to observe the therapeutic effect of SGD-SAN on imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice. The separation of SGD was performed by dialysis, and the separation process was optimized by single factor experiment. The SGD-SAN isolated under the optimal process was characterized, and the content of gallic acid, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid in each part of SGD was determined by HPLC. In the animal experiment, mice were assigned into a normal group, a model group, a methotrexate group(0.001 g·kg~(-1)), and SGD, SGD sediment, SGD dialysate, and SGD-SAN groups of different doses(1, 2, and 4 g·kg~(-1)) respectively. The psoriasis grade of mice was evaluated based on the pathological changes of skin lesions, the content of inflammatory cytokines, organ index and other indicators. The results showed that SAN obtained by centrifugation at 13 000 r·min~(-1) for 30 min was stable after dialysis for 4 times, which were uniform spherical nanoparticles with the particle size of(164.43±1.34) nm, the polydispersity index of(0.28±0.05), and the Zeta potential of(-12.35±0.80) mV. The active compound content accounted for more than 70% of SGD. Compared with the model group, SAN and SGD decreased the skin lesion score, spleen index, and inflammatory cytokine levels(P<0.05 or P<0.01) and alleviated the skin thickening and infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, the sediment group and the dialysate group had no obvious effect. SGD showed a good therapeutic effect on imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice, and SAN demonstrated the effect equivalent to SGD in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we conclude that the SAN formed during decocting is the main active form of SGD, which can lower the levels of inflammatory cytokines, promote the normal differentiation of keratinocytes, and reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the treatment of psoriasis lesions in mice.

Study on the material basis of cold and hot properties of traditional Chinese medicines in Lamiaceae based on pattern recognition / 药学学报

To study the material basis of cold and hot properties of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in Lamiaceae and to establish a cold and hot properties identification model, a database of material components of TCMs in Lamiaceae was established. A three-level classification system of material components was used to obtain the material basis of cold and hot properties of the Lamiaceae family by using data mining methods such as frequency analysis, association rule analysis, logistic regression, and feature selection. Several identification models were established to recognize the cold and hot properties. The chi-square test results showed that the material composition ratios of cold and hot properties were significantly different at the first-level, second-level, and third-level classification (P < 0.05), and the differences varied as the levels of substance classification changed. The average coefficients of variation were 42.30%, 79.07%, and 91.51% at the first-level, second-level, and third-level classification levels, respectively. In other words, in terms of the percentage differences in material composition ratio, the first-level was smaller than the second-level, and the second-level was smaller than the third-level. The results of the association rule analysis showed that under the third-level classification, there were many effective association rules, and 27 core groups and 34 specific groups of chemical components were obtained based on these rules. 15 decisive groups were obtained from the feature selection results. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to successfully establish a cold and hot properties identification model with an overall accuracy of 89%. The material basis of cold and hot properties of TCMs in Lamiaceae is different and intersect with each other. Twenty-seven groups of chemical components, such as bicyclic diterpenes, are the core groups of cold and hot properties, of which 15 groups are the decisive groups. The cold and hot properties are often characterized by the interaction of multiple classes of substances, and a single class of substances often cannot be used to characterize the properties. The organic combination of multiple classes of substances is the material basis of cold and hot properties.

Material Basis and Pharmacological Action of Tongxie Yaofang： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Tongxie Yaofang， also known as Baizhu Shaoyaosan， was first recorded in Danxi's Experiential Therapy （《丹溪心法》） by ZHU Danxi in the Yuan dynasty. It is composed of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， and Saposhnikoviae Radix， and serves as the representative prescription for the treatment of painful diarrhea. It has the functions of tonifying the spleen， emolliating the liver， relieving pain， and checking diarrhea， and is mainly used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） and ulcerative colitis （UC）. In addition， it is effective in treating gastrointestinal disorders with mental and psychological abnormalities， as well as obstinate anorexia in children， depression syndrome， and respiratory diseases. Experimental research and clinical practice have shown that Tongxie Yaofang has multi-component， multi-pathway， and multi-target characteristics in the treatment of diseases. The mechanism of Tongxie Yaofang in treating diseases is mainly attributed to anti-inflammation， immune function regulation， intestinal hypersensitivity improvement， emotion regulation， etc. Monoterpene glycosides， flavonoids， chromones， lactones， and other components contained play an important therapeutic role. The research on the systems biology of Tongxie Yaofang， such as metabolomics， proteomics， and network pharmacology， provides a scientific basis for clarifying its mechanism of action and expanding its clinical application. However， there are still some problems to be solved， such as difficulty in combining diseases and syndromes and lack of in-depth systematic research. Through the retrieval and collation of relevant literature， this paper systematically reviewed the material basis， pharmacological effects， and systems biology research of Tongxie Yaofang， aiming to lay a foundation for in-depth research on its mechanism in treating diseases and rational application in clinical practice.

Comparison of characteristic chromatogram and the contents of multiple indicator components of Morus alba decoction powder and decoction at different decoction time / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To compare characteristic chromatogram and the contents of multiple indicator components of Morus alba decoction powder and decoction at different decoction time， and to provide experimental basis for the development of M. alba decoction. METHODS Taking decoction powder and decoction at different decoction time as subject， HPLC characteristic chromatogram of 2 kinds of samples were established with Similarity Evaluation Software System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 version）， and similarity evaluation was performed. The contents of mulberroside A， geniposide， berberine， baicalin， quercetin and luteolin in decoction powder and decoction were determined by HPLC. The contents of each indicator component and the change of total content were as the evaluation indexes to compare the difference between the two substances during decoction. RESULTS The similarities of characteristic chromatogram of the two substances ranged from 0.943 to 1.000 and 0.975 to 0.998 at different decoction time， respectively. Six indicator components of the decoction powder dissolved faster and had higher contents. The contents of each indicator component in the decoction powder when decocting at 20 minutes was 1.1-1.5 times of the decoction when decocting at 50 min， and the total content in the decoction powder was 1.2 times of the decoction. CONCLUSIONS Compared with decoction， M. alba decoction powder has the advantages of shortening the decoction time and saving traditional Chinese medicine resources. The results of this study lay a research foundation for “Zungu” to develop its preparation.

Medicinal evolution and modern research progress on Mume Fructus / 中国中药杂志

Prunus mume is an edible and medicinal material, and Mume Fructus is its processed product, which was first recorded in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica(Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing). It is an effective drug for stopping diarrhea with astringents and promoting fluid production to quiet ascaris. By consulting the ancient herbal works of the past dynasties, modern codes, and other rela-ted literature, this paper sorted out the medicinal evolution of Mume Fructus, examined the ancient efficacy of Mume Fructus and the main indications, and summarized the inclusion of Mume Fructus in national and provincial standards. It is recorded in the ancient herbal works of the past dynasties that Mume Fructus can be processed by various methods such as roasting, stir-frying or micro-frying, stir-frying with charcoal, single steaming, steaming with wine, and steaming after soaking in wine or vinegar, and prepared into pills, powders, and ointments, which are used in the treatment of fatigue, diabetes, malaria, dysentery, ascariasis, and other diseases. Mume Fructus has been included in nine editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and 19 provincial and municipal preparation specifications. The processing method of Mume Fructus is determined, namely, clean P. mume should be softened by moistening in water or steaming and pitted. By reviewing the effects of processing on its chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and its modern clinical application, this paper identified the following issues. The ancient application methods of Mume Fructus are diverse but less commonly used in modern times, there is a lack of standardized research on the processing, and the research on the changes caused by the difference in Mume Fructus before and after processing is not deep. Therefore, it is necessary to further investigate the change pattern of its chemical composition before and after processing and its correlation between its medicinal activity to standardize the processing technology and provide a solid basis for the use of Mume Fructus in parts and its quality control.

Mechanism of tonifying kidney and activating blood therapy for premature ovarian failure:a review / 中国中药杂志

Healthy birth and child development are the prerequisite for improving the overall quality of the population. However, premature ovarian failure(POF) threatens the reproductive health of women. The incidence of this disease has been on the rise, and it tends to occur in the young. The causes are complex, involving genetics, autoimmune, infectious and iatrogenic factors, but most of the causes remain unclear. At the moment, hormone replacement therapy and assisted reproductive technology are the main clinical approaches. According to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), kidney deficiency and blood stasis are one of the major causes of POF, and TCM with the effects of tonifying kidney and activating blood has a definite effect. Through clinical trials, TCM prescriptions for POF have excellent therapeutic effect as a result of multi-target regulation and slight toxicity. In particular, they have no obvious side effects. A large number of studies have shown that the kidney-tonifying and blood-activating TCM can regulate the neuroendocrine function of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, improve ovarian hemodynamics and microcirculation, reduce the apoptosis of granulosa cells, alleviate oxidative stress injury, and modulate immunologic balance. The mechanism is that it regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), transforming growth factor(TGF)-β/Smads, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/antioxidant response element(ARE), and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) signaling pathways. This article summarized the pathological mechanisms of tonifying kidney and activating blood TCM in the prevention and treatment of POF and explored the biological basis of its multi-pathway and multi-target characteristics in the treatment of this disease. As a result, this study is expected to serve as a reference for the treatment of POF with the tonifying kidney and activating blood therapy.

Analysis of rehabilitation effects of cochlear implantation in elderly patients with prelingual deafness / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:The auditory and speech rehabilitation effects were assessed by the Categories of Auditory Performance（CAP） and the speech intelligibility rating scale（SIR） after cochlear implantation（CI） in prelingually elderly patients by telephone follow-up or face-to-face conversation. Methods:The clinical data of the prelingually deaf patients who underwent unilateral CI in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Shanxi People's Hospital, from December 2016 to December 2021 were collected. Thirty-eight patients were divided into Group A（SIR 1, 17 cases）, Group B（SIR 2, 10 cases） and Group C（SIR 3, 11 cases） according to the preoperative SIR Score. Nineteen patients with post-lingual hearing impairment were selected as the control group（Group D, 19 cases）. The effects of hearing and speech rehabilitation were evaluated using CAP and SIR Scores before surgery, 6 months after startup, and 1 year after startup. Results:There were no significant differences in CAP scores among the three groups of patients with prelingually deaf patients at 6 months and 1 year after startup（P>0.05）, but there were significant differences between group A and group D at 6 months and 1 year after startup（P<0.05）; the SIR Score of group A had statistical difference before surgery and 6 months after startup（P<0.05）, group B had statistical difference before surgery and 1 year after startup（P<0.05）, and group C and D had no statistical difference before surgery and 6 months and 1 year after startup, respectively（P>0.05）. Conclusion:For the prelingually deaf elderly patients, hearing will develop rapidly 6 months after startup, and the effect of postoperative auditory rehabilitation was positively correlated with the preoperative speech ability. In the aspect of speech, the prelingually dear elderly patients who have poor preoperative speech ability could benefit more from CI early after surgery. CI is not contraindicated in prelingually deaf elderly patients, even those with poor preoperative speech function.

Research progress on material basis for neurotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicine and its mechanism / 中国药房

In recent years， neurotoxicity caused by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has frequently occurred and has become one of the important factors restricting the development and application of TCM. TCM contains active components and its dosage-effect relationship is the key to determine its pharmacological activity and toxic effects. Among them， the endogenous toxic components include alkaloids， glycosides， diterpenoids， animal and plant toxic proteins and heavy metals， and so on； exogenous toxic components mainly refer to some harmful elements and pesticide residues during the cultivation， processing， transportation and storage of medicinal materials that are not synthesized by themselves. Effect on the processes such as oxidative stress， inflammation， ion exchange， and energy metabolism may be important mechanisms of TCM-induced neurotoxicity. Neural cells， myelin cells， axons and neurotransmitter systems are common targets of TCM-induced neurotoxicity. In the future， we can use modern research methods and big data mining means to establish a safety evaluation mode of “toxic symptoms-poisoning dose-toxic original agent-detoxification scheme” with the basic component group of toxic substances as the core， so as to provide support for development and clinical intervention of neurotoxic traditional Chinese medicine.

Research progress on the material basis and pharmacological effects of Pien Tze Huang / 药学学报

The medicinal history of Pien Tze Huang is long, and it is the only "double top secret" variety of technology and formula at present. It has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, detumescence and pain, cooling blood and removing blood stasis. At present, researchers have analyzed and identified some compounds in Pien Tze Huang and its precious medicinal materials, such as Panax notoginseng, calculus bovis, snake gall and musk, and conducted activity screening, pharmacokinetics and pharmacological related studies on these chemical components. It was found that Pien Tze Huang had a significant effect on the treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis, ulcer, colon cancer, liver cancer and other diseases. The purpose of this paper is to systematically discuss the research achievements of researchers in recent years on the material basis, pharmacological effects and clinical application of Pien Tze Huang, with a view to providing ideas for the further research of Pien Tze Huang.

Exploring the material basis of genipin-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro / 药学学报

The current study explored the hepatotoxicity among closed-ring genipin, open-ring tautomer of genipin and gardenia blue that generated from genipin and amino acid reaction using HepaRG cells to identify the material basis of genipin-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. The effects of temperature, pH value and different kinds of amino acids on the chemical structure tautomerism between closed-ring and open-ring tautomer of genipin and the production of gardenia blue were investigated firstly, which aimed to explicit the conditions that could distinguish the closed-ring genipin and its open-ring tautomer, and the conditions generating gardenia blue, which were applied to prepare different kinds of gardenia blue; the CCK-8 kit was employed to analyze the hepatotoxicity of closed-ring genipin, open-ring tautomer of genipin and gardenia blue. From the results, it was found that, the structure transformation from close-ring to open-ring of genipin could be inhibited under the condition with acid environment; being essential groups to generate gardenia blue, the primary amino group and the open-ring tautomer of genipin reacting to generate the dihydropyridine ring was probably the key structure of gardenia blue; the structure characteristics existed apparent distinction at the reactive temperature of 37 ℃ and 80 ℃; compared to the culture condition with pH = 7.4, the concentration of genipin with close-ring in culture medium was significantly increased at pH = 5, but the cell viability did not decreased; the cell toxicity of gardenia blue was apparently lower than open-ring tautomer of genipin, and even some kinds of gardenia blue showed growth promoting effect on HepaRG cells. Here, it was suggested potentially that open-ring tautomer of genipin be the important material basis to induce hepatotoxicity, which could provide a cue and lay a foundation for the elucidation of the underlying mechanism of genipin-induced hepatotoxicity.

Exploration of Material Basis of "Clearing Excessive Fire of Liver-gallbladder" of Bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS Metabolomics and Molecular Docking Technology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the material basis of bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma clearing excessive fire of liver-gallbladder based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF/MS） metabolomics and molecular docking. MethodUPLC-Q-TOF/MS metabolomics was used to analyze the chemical constituents of Coptidis Rhizoma， water-processed Coptidis Rhizoma and bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma. Chromatographic separation was achieved with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（A）-acetonitrile（B） as the mobile phase in gradient elution（0-2 min， 5%B； 2-20 min， 5%-65%B； 20-40 min， 65%-10%B； 40-45 min， 10%B； 45-46 min， 10%-95%B； 46-49 min， 95%B）， and electrospray ionization（ESI） was applied and operated in positive and negative ion modes， the acquisition range was m/z 80-1 200. Based on this， partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） and variance analysis were used to screen the differential compounds among the three products of Coptidis Rhizoma. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to verify the degree of association between differential compounds and excessive fire of liver-gallbladder syndrome. ResultA total of 33 chemical constituents were identified， including 2 phenolic acids， 5 binding bile acids and 26 alkaloids. And 16 differential compounds were identified by multivariate statistical analysis， including 11 alkaloids and 5 binding bile acids. Pathway enrichment analysis in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） database yielded 8 pathways related to excessive fire of liver-gallbladder， and the key protein phosphatidylinositol 4，5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform（PIK3CA） was obtained according to the "component-target-pathway" network analysis. Molecular docking results showed that 11 alkaloids had good binding ability with PIK3CA. ConclusionPorcine bile is unique in the processing of bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma， which can promote the production and dissolution of 11 alkaloids， including berberine and dihydrochelerythrine. Based on the results of molecular docking and reported pharmacological experiments， it can be concluded that 16 different compounds such as berberine， dihydrochelerythrine and taurohyodeoxycholic acid are the material basis of bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma.

Research progress in quality studies and antiviral effect of Qingyan Dropping Pills / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Qingyan Dropping Pills have the effects of relieving wind and heat, detoxifying, and promoting the pharynx. It is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicines to treat acute and chronic pharyngitis, as well as sore throats and dry throats caused by surgery. Recently, many studies have shown that Qingyan Dropping Pills have certain effects on bacteriostasis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral activities. As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic enters the post-epidemic era, the regular use of drugs for COVID-19 pandemic symptoms has become a new trend. Therefore, there is a good market prospect to explore and develop Chinese patent medicines with antiviral effects. A preliminary study on the herbal formula and material basis of Qingyan Dropping Pills revealed that they have potential for antiviral applications. In this paper, the research on the quality study and antiviral effect of Qingyan Dropping Pills was reviewed, and the research direction of its secondary development was discussed to provide ideas and references for the new use of old traditional Chinese medicines.