Effect and benefit evaluation of health education on schistosomiasis control in primary and secondary schools of Jingzhou City , 2004-2018 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To evaluate the effect and benefit of health education on schistosomiasis control in primary and secondary schools in Jingzhou from 2004 to 2018. Methods A retrospective survey and an on-site questionnaire investigation were used to collect data on schistosomiasis health education in primary and secondary schools in Jingzhou from 2004 to 2018, and to evaluate the modes and effects of health education. The unit benefit analysis was used to evaluate the benefit of health education investment. Results The awareness rate of schistosomiasis control knowledge and the correct behavior formation rate in 2018 reached 98.68% and 98.31%, respectively, which were statistically significantly different compared with 87.65%% and 88.08%, respectively, in 2004 (F=8.57, 6.59, P2=-0.85, -0.84, P<0.01). In terms of total funding, students were 3.05 yuan/person/time lower than residents. Conclusion From 2004 to 2018, primary and secondary schools in Jingzhou implemented schistosomiasis health education and health promotion. On the basis of reduction in the total funding, students’ knowledge of schistosomiasis prevention and correct behavior formation were effectively increased, and the rate of schistosomiasis infection was reduced to zero. Therefore, changing the dangerous behavior of the target population through schistosomiasis health education is an important measure to control and stop the prevalence of schistosomiasis.

Community colorectal cancer screening program in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Shanghai public health service-community colorectal cancer screening program, was officially launched in November 2012 , so as to carry out colorectal cancer prevention and health education through free screening services in the whole city.The establishment of the program was based on the comprehensive analysis of disease burden caused by colorectal cancer in Shanghai, with three years of pilot study in Qibao Community.In the first round of screening, one million people participated and 1 960 colorectal cancer cases were detected, with the proportion of the earlier stage cancer being 52.8%, which was 4.36 times the level in Shanghai before screening.At the same time, 7 911 cases of precancerous lesion were detected.The objective of program was achieved, with precious experience obtained in implementation of similar disease screening programs.

The Design and Implementation of Comprehensive Benefits Score Estimate System of Medical Equipment / 中国卫生经济

The medical equipment benefit evaluation analysis has become an important constituent of cost and medical equipment management. It can not only use the economic benefit index to estimate the service condition of equipment, but also form the comprehensive evaluation system with basic of economic benefit evaluation and auxiliary of science study. Based on comprehensive evaluation result, to search the weakness of equipment utilization and promote the overall development of hospitals and clinics orderly.

Pharmacovigilance as a New Discipline / 薬剤疫学

In last ten years or more, the term pharmacovigilance has been often used instead of post-marketing surveillance (PMS) or drug monitoring. However, this term, pharmacovigilance, is not just another term for PMS but should be understood as a new discipline, namely, science for the benefit-risk evaluation of medicinal products on humans with the final aim of individualization of medical therapy. It will be more clearly understood why nowadays this term pharmacovigilance has been used, when one considers the historical development of the safety issue of medicinal products. Pharmacovigilance as a new discipline should evaluate constantly safety and efficacy of medicinal products in daily practice considering all available data from non-clinical data, clinical data, pharmacoepidemiological data, post-marketing clinical data, risk-benefit evaluation and applied pharmacologies such as gender-specific pharmacology, pharmacogenetics, graviduspharmacology etc. in order to collect, evaluate and disseminate systematically necessary information and data on the safety and efficacy of medicinal products.<BR>In addition, one should realize the presence of two different aspects of pharmacovigilance, namely obligatory duty of care and voluntary duty of care. The former aspect is defined by regulatory authorities and each pharmaceutical industry should carry out all necessary countermeasures and studies defined by regulatory authorities in order to keep the optimal standard on the efficacy, safety and effectiveness of the company's medicinal products. The latter aspect can also be considered as ethical duty of care for pharmaceutical industries, and refers to more detailed studies in particular patients such as children, pregnant women, aged patients, ethnically different patients, etc.