Effect of occupational exposure on hematological and biochemical parameters in workers at oil and gas companies

Petroleum refineries are largest chemical industries that are responsible for emission of several pollutants into the atmosphere. Benzene and its metabolites are regarded as the most hazardous compounds that are emitted by petroleum refineries. These contribute to toxic oxidants, which cause many serious health risks to petroleum refineries workers. This study was aimed to analyze the effects of chemical exposure on hematological and biochemical parameters among workers at Zawia oil refinery and Mellituh oil and gas refinery companies. A total of 200 workers participated in this study which consisting of two equal groups (each group: n = 100). The first group consists of petroleum refineries workers and the second group consists of non-oil work civil servants serving were recruited as exposed and control subjects, respectively. The results of blood picture, liver enzymes and kidney functions were compared between the groups. Mean white blood cells counts, platelet counts, and hematocrit count were significantly higher, while the mean red blood cells count was insignificantly changed in petroleum refineries workers. While the mean hemoglobin and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration levels were significantly lower, whereas the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin levels were insignificantly changed in petrol refineries workers. Liver enzymes and renal functions were significantly higher in petrol refineries workers. The present findings indicate that occupational exposure to benzene causes significant alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters and workers are at high risk of developing blood, hepatic or renal related disorders. Protection and frequent medical attention should be given to petroleum refineries workers.

Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus among multiparae / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To investigate the risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among multiparae. Methods • Women who had two consecutive pregnancies records in the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January 2012 to January 2017 were included into this study. The case group (116 cases) and control group (464 cases) were matched at the ratio of 1:4 according to the pre-pregnancy age in index pregnancy. Clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and lipid profiles were took into consideration by virtue of their medical records. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to compute the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95%CI so as to identify the risk factors. Results • Compared with the control group, the case group was associated with greater body mass index (BMI) change between pregnancies (aOR=1.35, 95% CI=1.07-1.69), greater postprandial 1 h glucose load (aOR=1.99, 95% CI=1.55-2.55) and 2 h glucose load (aOR=2.02, 95% CI=1.51- 2.70) at OGTT in index pregnancy, and greater first-trimester fasting plasma glucose (aOR=1.96, 95% CI=1.16-3.32), total cholesterol (aOR=1.37, 95% CI=1.06-1.77) and triacylglycerol (aOR=1.53, 95% CI=1.10-2.14) in subsequent pregnancy. Conclusion • The elevated BMI change between pregnancies, the abnormal glucose and lipid profiles persisting from index to subsequent pregnancy lead to the occurrence of GDM.

Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus among multiparae / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To investigate the risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among multiparae. Methods?·?Women who had two consecutive pregnancies records in the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January 2012 to January 2017 were included into this study. The case group (116 cases) and control group (464 cases) were matched at the ratio of 1:4 according to the pre-pregnancy age in index pregnancy. Clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and lipid profiles were took into consideration by virtue of their medical records. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to compute the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95%CI so as to identify the risk factors. Results?·?Compared with the control group, the case group was associated with greater body mass index (BMI) change between pregnancies (aOR=1.35, 95%?CI=1.07-1.69), greater postprandial 1 h glucose load (aOR=1.99, 95%?CI=1.55-2.55) and 2 h glucose load (aOR=2.02, 95%?CI=1.51-2.70) at OGTT in index pregnancy, and greater first-trimester fasting plasma glucose (aOR=1.96, 95%?CI=1.16-3.32), total cholesterol (aOR=1.37, 95%?CI=1.06-1.77) and triacylglycerol (aOR=1.53, 95%?CI=1.10-2.14) in subsequent pregnancy. Conclusion?·?The elevated BMI change between pregnancies, the abnormal glucose and lipid profiles persisting from index to subsequent pregnancy lead to the occurrence of GDM.

Investigate the toxicological effect on aqueous extract of terminalia Catappa linn. in rat.

Terminalia catappa (almond) is a combretaceous plant whose leaves are widely used as a folk medicine for treatments of dermatitis, hepatitis, inflammatory disease, diabetes and other disease. This investigation was conceded out to evaluate the safety of aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa Linn. by determining its potential toxicity in rats. Study on acute toxicity of extract found to be safe at the doses 2000mg/kg body weight orally as per OECD guidelines No.423. General behavior, sign of tremors, adverse effects and mortality activity were determined for up to 14 days. In the chronic toxicity study, the aqueous extract of Terminalia Catappa linn. was administered orally at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg once in a week for 6 weeks to rats. Biochemical and hematological parameters were determined after 6 weeks. In the acute study in rats, there was no toxicity/ death was observed at the dose of 2000mg/kg b.w. The onset of toxicity and signs of toxicity also not there. In the chronic toxicity study, no significant treatment-related changes in the levels of hematological, hepatic and renal parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, creatinine, urea, uric acid, protein and glucose, and serum ALP activities were observed at the termination of the study. It suggests that the aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa linn. does not have significant toxicity. In view of the dose of Terminalia Catappa linn. devoted in traditional medicine, there is a broad margin of safety for the beneficial use of the aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa linn. leaves.

Influence of Cigarette Smoke Free Radical on Blood Biochemical Parameters,Lung and Cell Micronucleus Rate in Rats / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study the effect of the low free radical cigarettes (test cigarettes) on the blood biochemical parameters,lung and polychromatophilic red cell micronucleus in rats. Methods 36 SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group,the comparison smoke group and the experimental smoke group (low free radical cigarettes),12 in each. Let the rats smoke passively for 30 day,daily 12 cigarettes,then the determination of blood biochemical parameters and the polychromatophilic red cell micronucleus rate in the bone marrow,the pathological examination of the trachea and the lung tissues were conducted. Results Compared with the blank control,no significant changes were seen in the blood biochemical parameters and the polychromatophilic red cell micronucleus rate. The pathological examination of the lung tissues indicated that the pathological changes in the experimental smoke group were slight compared with the comparison smoke group. Conclusion No seriously adverse effects of low free radical cigarettes on the lung tissues of rats have been seen in the present study,that indicates that maybe the low free radical cigarette has an advantage in the health safety.

Food consumption and serum nutritional status of people living in the Kathmandu valley in Nepal

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The food consumption and serum nutritional status of people living in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal, were examined to obtain actual data for comparison with our previous findings.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A dietary survey of 45 males and 60 females was carried out in March 1997 by the 24-hr dietary recall method and nutrient intake was calculated from food tables of India and Japan. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained and serum biochemical parameters were measured using clinical kits.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean body mass index values was at about the same level in both sexes, although the mean percentage body fat of females was higher than that of males, and vice versa for packed red cell volume. The main foods consumed by both sexes, were rice, potatoes, meats, milk & dairy products and vegetables, with a difference in the amounts consumed. Females did not drink alcoholic beverages. The mean daily intakes of energy, protein, lipids, iron and vitamin B group for the males were higher than those for the females, while those of vitamins A and C for the males were lower than those for the females. The mean values of serum biochemical parameters for both sexes were generally at the normal levels, but those of ALT and TG were at the higher end of the normal range. Differences of correlation between food groups and between serum parameters were observed depending on the sex, however, no clear relationship between food and nutrient intake and serum biochemical parameters were observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The present food intake study revealed that the amounts of food consumption for both sexes, especially for the females, were mostly insufficient although the serum parameters were at the normal levels. The energy intake of both sexes was lower than that of estimated requirements and those in Terai region. The relatively high serum TG level of the subjects may be due to the consumption of large amounts of cereals containing much carbohydrate. Our findings suggested a marked influence on food consumption by food price and income in spite of the easier food availability in the city, and also lack of knowledge about nutrients and health, thus there is need for improvement of the nutritional status of this group of people.</p>

Food Consumption and Serum Nutritional Status of People Living in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal

Objective: The food consumption and serum nutritional status of people living in the Kathmandu valley, Nepal, were examined to obtain actual data for comparison with our previous findings. Methods: A dietary survey of 45 males and 60 females was carried out in March 1997 by the 24-hr dietary recall method and nutrient intake was calculated from food tables of India and Japan. Fasting venous blood samples were obtained and serum biochemical parameters were measured using clinical kits. Results: The mean body mass index value was at about the same level in both sexes, although the mean percentage body fat of females was higher than that of males, and vice versa for packed red cell volume. The main foods consumed by both sexes, were rice, potatoes, meats, milk & dairy products and vegetables, with a difference in the amounts consumed. Females did not drink alcoholic beverages. The mean daily intakes of energy, protein, lipids, iron and vitamin B group for the males were higher than those for the females, while those of vitamins A and C for the males were lower than those for the females. The mean values of serum biochemical parameters for both sexes were generally at the normal levels, but those of ALT and TG were at the higher end of the normal range. Differences of correlation between food groups and between serum parameters were observed depending on the sex, however, no clear relationship between food and nutrient intake and serum biochemical parameters were observed. Conclusions: The present food intake study revealed that the amounts of food consumption for both sexes, especially for the females, were mostly insufficient although the serum parameters were at the normal levels. The energy intake of both sexes was lower than that of estimated requirements and those in Terai region. The relatively high serum TG level of the subjects may be due to the consumption of large amounts of cereals containing much carbohydrate. Our findings suggested a marked influence on food consumption by food price and income in spite of the easier food availability in the city, and also lack of knowledge about nutrients and health, thus there is need for improvement of the nutritional status of this group of people.

The Effects of the Resistance Exercise Program on the Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient's Functional Disability, Biochemical Parameters, Self-Efficacy and Family Support / 기본간호학회지

This Research is an attempt to ind out what effects the resistance exercise program has on the rheumatoid arthritis patient's functional disability and biochemical parameters. The research took place from June to November 1996, and the target included an experimental group of 25 cases of rheumatoid arthritis and a control group of 26 cases of rheumatoid arthritis taken from the Anam Medical Center at Korea University. The resistance exercise program was executed on these patients five times a week during a period of eight weeks. Before and after the experiments, measurements of functional disability score, ESR, CRP, self-efficacy, and family support were taken and closely analyzed. The results of this analysis are as follows : 1. After the experiment, the experimental group had less functional disabilities compared to the control group(t=9.11, P=0.0017). 2. After the experiment, the ESR of both the experimental and the control groups decrease, but there was not notable difference between the two groups(t=0.07, P=0.9546). 3. After the experiment, the CRP of both the experimental and the control groups decreased, with no significant different between them(t=0.53, P=0.6022). 4. After the experiment, the self-efficacy of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group(t=3.15, P=0.0042), but the self-efficacy had no effect on the actual practice of the program. 5. After the experiment, the family support of the experimental group was higher than of the control group(t=6.33, P=0.0013), but again the family support had no effect on the actual practice of the program. Judging from the results of these experiments, the resistance exercise program not only diminishes rheumatoid arthritis patients' functional disabilities, but also has a great influence on increasing their self-efficacy and family support. Concluding, indiminishing the functional disabilities of rheumatoid arthritis, the resistance exercise program would be appropriate nursing intervention.

A Study on Serum and Urinary Biochemical Parameters and Chemical Compositions of Urinary Calculi / 대한비뇨기과학회지

This study was performed for clarifying whether chemical compositions of urinary calculi may be associated with serum and urinary biochemical parameters in 50 patients with urinary calculi. The following results were obtained. 1. The results of chemical analysis of 50 urinary calculi revealed calcium oxalate in 62%, calcium phosphate in 12%, calcium oxalate and phosphate in 12%, MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) in 6% and others including uric acid in 8%. The major component of urinary calculi was calcium oxalate. 2. Among the serum biochemical parameters, only the mean value of phosphorus was significantly lower in calcium stone group than in non calcium stone group. 3. Among the 24 hour urinary biochemical parameters, all (calcium, phosphorus, uric acid and magnesium) were higher in calcium stone group than in non calcium stone group, but these differences were not statistically significant. 4. Hypercalciuria (>200mg/day) was observed in 38% of lithiasis patients. The incidence of hypercalciuria was greater in calcium stone group (42%) than in non calcium stone group (14%). 5. Hyperuricosuria (>800mg/day in male, >750mg/day in female) was observed in 22% of lithiasis patients. The incidence of hyperuricosuria was greatest in calcium oxalate group (26%) if that of "others" group including uric acid stone (50%) was excluded. 6. The incidence of alkaline urinary pH(>7.0) in lithiasis patients was 44% and urinary pH in calcium phosphate and MAP stone group was more alkaline. 7. The chemical compositions of 10 staghorn stones showed calcium oxalate in 4 cases, MAP in 3 cases, calcium phosphate in 2 cases and other in 1 case.