Prevalence of blue spots among 1-10 years old children, Mongolia, 2014 / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

BACKGROUND:Mongolian spots (MS) are congenital birthmarks seen most commonly over the lumbosacralarea. They are bluish-green to black in color and oval to irregular in shape. Dermal pigmentationappears gray, greyish-blue or greyish black because these colors have a shorter wavelength andare reflected to the skin surface. The amount of melanin in the dermal melanocytes, the numberof dermal melanocytes and their depth in the dermis are also important determinants of color. TheMongolian blue spots often fade in a few years and are almost always gone by adolescence.AIM:The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and characteristics of Mongolian spots in 1-10-years-old children.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study was carried out on 1000 children who were lived in Ulaanbaatar during 2013-2014.Children were carefully examined for the presence of Mongolian spots, including the hairy skin,during the systematic physical examination. If a spot was observed, localization, size, color andshape were recorded. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS-21.RESULT:96.8% (95%CI 95.7-97.8) of the children’s was residents of Ulaanbaatar city, 49.2% [95%CI 46.1-52.5] of boys. The color of the Mongolian spots varied from pale blue to grayish blue. The mostfrequently involved sites were the lumbosacral areas. There was a disappearance in the incidenceof Mongolian spots with advancing age.CONCLUSION:The study shows that prevalence of blue spot among children aged 1-10 years old decreased withage and blue spot tended to disappear after the age of 10.

Mongolian spots.

Mongolian spots (MS) are birthmarks that are present at birth and their most common location is sacrococcygeal or lumbar area. Lesions may be single or multiple and usually involve < 5% total body surface area. They are macular and round, oval or irregular in shape. The color varies from blue to greenish, gray, black or a combination of any of the above. The size varies from few to more than 20 centimetres. Pigmentation is most intense at the age of one year and gradually fades thereafter. It is rarely seen after the age of 6 years. Aberrant MS over occiput, temple, mandibular area, shoulders and limbs may be confused with other dermal melanocytoses and bruises secondary to child abuse, thus necessitating documentation at birth. Although regarded as benign, recent data suggest that MS may be associated with inborn errors of metabolism and neurocristopathies. Mongolian spots usually resolve by early childhood and hence no treatment is generally needed if they are located in the sacral area. However, sometimes it may be required for extrasacral lesions for cosmesis.

Clinical Study on Birthmarks of Normal 446 Neonates / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGOUND: Birthmarks represent an excess of one or more of the normal components of skin. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to investigate the incidence and clinical feature of birth mark. METHODS: We examined 446 neonates admitted in the nursery of Soonchunhyang University Hospital from April 2003 to August 2004 RESULT: Mongolian spots were observed in 286 neonates, occurring most frequently on sacrococcyxgeal area. Salmon patches were observed in 103 neonates, occurring most frequently on the nape. Erythema toxicum were observed in 142 neonates, occurring most frequently on face. Pigmented nevi were observed in 8 neonates. Portwine stains were observed in 2 neonates. Strawberry hemangiomas were observed in 5 neonates. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of Mongolian spot in our study is lower than the prevalence reported by others. The prevalence of salmon patch, pigmented nevi and portwine stain in our study is similar to the prevalence reported by others.

Clinical and Statistical Survey of Skin Changes in Korean Neonates / 대한피부과학회지

A total of 748 newborns delivered at the Fatima Hospital, Taegu, Korea, over period of 8 months were examined for the presence of skin lesions within 48 hours of birth. The frequencies of the type of birthmarks were: salmon patch, 61.8%; portwine stain, 0.7%; mongolian spot, 99.1%; cafe-au-lait spot, 0.5%; congenital nevomelanocytic nevus, 0.5%; milia, 44.5%; sebaceous hyperplasia, 76.9%; nevus sebaceus, 0.9%; erythema toxicum neonatorum, 29.3%; genital hyperpigmentation, 49.7%. Erythema toxicum neonatorum was less common in premature infants and more frequent on the second day of life than first one. Genital hyperpigmentation was observed predominantly in the male neonate. There was positive relationship between genital hyperpigmentation and birthweight.

Clinical Study on Neonatal Skin / 대한피부과학회지

The present study was carried out to investigate the incidence and clinical features of neonatal skin abnormalities. Six hundred eight neonates were examined in Korea University Guro Hospital from May 1988 to January 1989 and the results were summarized as follows : 1. Stork bite and salmon patch were observed in 24.5%, occurring most frequently in the nape and eyelid. 2. Portwine stains were observed in 0.3%. 3, Strawberry hemsngioma was observed in 0.3%, one case showed typical elevated lesion. 4. Morgolian spots were observed in 68.6%, occurring rnost frequently in the sacro-coccygeal region. There was no difference in sex. 5. Pigmented nevi were observed in 2.1%. Female was more frequent than male. 6. Erythema toxicum neonatorum was observed in 28.1%, occurring most frequently in the trunk. 7. Nevus sebaceus was observed in 0.2%. 8. Skin tags were observed in 1.6%. 9. Cutis marmorata was observed in 3.1%. 10. Accessory auricles were observed in 0.3% and one case was bilateral.