Application progress of black phosphorus nanomaterials in biomedicine / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Black phosphorus, as a novel two-dimensional nanomaterial, has received a lot of attention from researchers for its unique structure and properties. In recent years, with the increasing cross-sectional research related to black phosphorus 2D nanomaterials in various fields such as materials science, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, it has shown great potential for development and application in biomedicine. The excellent photoacoustic properties and good biocompatibility of black phosphorus 2D nanomaterials make them outstanding in tumor diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, the structure and properties, preparation, and functional modification of black phosphorus two-dimensional nanomaterials and their potential applications in the bio-detection and treatment of tumors, as well as the application progress of antibacterial were reviewed.

Preparation of drug loading system of black phosphorus nanosheets and its anti-ischemic brain injury / 药学学报

In this study, black phosphorus nanosheets (BP) were prepared by the ordinary liquid phase method, and resveratrol was loaded on the BP after being modified by polyethylene glycol. The brain targeting of BP was investigated by fluorescent protein labeling, and the effects of black phosphorus on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were studied by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, neurobehavioral evaluation, and brain edema. Protein immunoblotting analysis was used to explore the molecular mechanism of the BP drug delivery system on ischemic brain injury. Hemolysis test and hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining were used to evaluate its biocompatibility. The results showed that BP had excellent drug loading capacity, uniform drug loading system structure and particle size, stable drug release curve, and excellent photothermal effect. Through the analysis and comparison of fluorescence intensity, it was found that BP can increase the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) under the condition of near-infrared light assisted irradiation, and make drugs more pass through the BBB. In addition, the black phosphorus nano tablet drug delivery system can significantly improve the neurobehavioral disorder of mice after modeling, and the cerebral infarction area and brain edema degree are significantly decreased. Western blot experiments showed that the drug delivery system could play an anti-ischemic brain injury role by activating the expression of antioxidant signaling pathway proteins nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The hemolysis test and H&E test results of the BP drug carrier system showed that it had no obvious toxicity and high safety. In conclusion, the BP prepared in this study had high drug loading, good photothermal performance, and high safety. Under the near-infrared condition, they also have certain brain targeting ability, which can improve the therapeutic effect of drugs in the brain. Animal welfare and experimental procedures were following the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University.

Research and application of nanometer black phosphorus in phototherapy and drug carrier / 药学学报

The emerging nano-black phosphorus materials have created a new platform for biomedical research. Nano-black phosphorus has the following advantages: black phosphorus can produce singlet oxygen under near-infrared light irradiation, so it can be used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy;black phosphorus has extensive light absorption in the long wavelength region, and this near-infrared photothermal property can be used in photothermal therapy. The high specific surface area and unique fold structure of the black phosphorus nanosheet make it have very high drug loading.This paper mainly reviews the applications of black phosphorus in biological imaging, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and as a drug carrier in recent years. Based on the photoelectric properties of black phosphorus nanomaterials combined with intelligent drug delivery platform, the synergistic effects of light/heat/chemistry, light/chemistry/gene, and light/chemistry/immunity can be produced, which has a broad application prospect.

Black phosphorus loaded with zinc ions for enhanced photothermal therapy of prostate cancer / 药学学报

Prostate cancer is the most common malignant tumor of male reproductive system, which seriously threatens men's health. It has been shown that the existence of zinc ions can inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells. In addition, photothermal treatment of cancer is attracting more and more attention due to its high accuracy and efficiency. In this study, zinc ions loaded black phosphorus nanosheets (BP-Zn) were prepared, and the photothermal therapy efficiency of the system on human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) was evaluated. The inhibition effect of zinc ions on PC-3 cells was studied. It was demonstrated that the toxicity of zinc ions on PC-3 cells was concentration- and time-dependent. Moreover, it can be seen from in vitro photothermal therapy that the treatment effect of black phosphorus assisted by zinc ions is superior to that of black phosphorus alone. This study further studied the in vivo therapeutic effect of BP-Zn. The results once again confirmed that the combinational photothermal treatment of zinc ions and BP had excellent anti-tumor effect. The animal procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School.

Research progress of drug delivery system based on black phosphorus in tumor diagnosis and treatment / 中国药科大学学报

@#As a new member of two-dimensional materials, black phosphorus has shown good application prospects in the fields of photoacoustic imaging, photothermal photodynamic therapy, and drug loading due to its excellent characteristics such as good biodegradability, biocompatibility, thickness-dependent tunable direct band-gap, and high surface-to-mass ratio. Because black phosphorus has the characteristics of easy oxidation and degradation, it is coated with relatively stable liposomes or polymeric materials to construct a black phosphorus-based drug delivery system, which shows great potential in tumor treatment and diagnosis and has become a new focus in drug delivery research. In this paper, we introduce the role of black phosphorus in tumor diagnosis and treatment in detail, and summarize the design of black phosphorus-based drug delivery system in recent years as well as its research progress in tumor diagnosis and treatment, in order to provide reference for the research and application of black phosphorus.

The black phosphorus quantum dots-based photothermal effect on dendritic cells activation / 药学学报

Immunotherapy is the most active research area for cancer treatment. Tumor vaccine is one of the most developed aspects of cancer immunotherapy. Though tumor vaccine has made many breakthrough, it still faces many challenges. In this study, we coated the black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) with cancer cell membrane to create a nanoparticle named BPQD-CCNVs. The BPQD-CCNVs were incubated with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and irradiated with 808 nm infrared light. We tested the expression level of CD80, CD86 and MHC II of dendritic cells by flow cytometry after irradiation. All animal experiments approved by the Animal Experiments Ethical Committee of Tsinghua University. The results showed that the rise of medium's temperature caused by the photothermal effect of BPQDs could upregulate the expression of CD80, CD86 and MHC-II on dendritic cell surface. Based on these, we conclude that near infrared irradiation can stimulate the activation of dendritic cells. Our study may have provided a new strategy for tumor vaccine development.

In vitro study of black phosphorus quantum dot-loaded liposomes for photothermal therapy of cervical cancer / 药学学报

In this study, black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs)-loaded liposomes (liposome-BPQDs) were prepared to explore physicochemical properties and photothermal effects on cervical cancer cells. BPQDs were fabricated by ultrasonic method. Liposome-BPQDs were prepared by thin film dispersion. Surface morphology, particle size, zeta potential and Raman spectra of liposome-BPQDs were characterized. The cytotoxicity of the liposome-BPQDs against human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) was examined by CCK-8 assay. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and fluorescence microscopy were used to observe the uptake and apoptosis of HeLa cells. The results indicated that liposome-BPQDs were ellipsoidal or spherical under scanning electron microscope, TEM observation showed liposome-BPQDs were about 90-110 nm in diameter. The particle size measurements showed liposome-BPQDs were (104.2±0.35) nm in diameter, and zeta potential were examined to be (-11.3±3.01) mV. The encapsulation efficiency was (84.40±2.13)%.Under natural conditions with outdoor ventilation, temperature range of 25 ℃-34 ℃ and relative humidity of 80%-82%, the photothermal effects of liposome-BPQDs was better and the degradation denaturation of liposome-BPQDs were slower than those of BPQDs. The results also reflected that liposome-BPQDs could be uptaken by HeLa cells easily. After near-infrared laser irradiation, the mortality of HeLa cells rise significantly when the amount of BPQDs reach 20 μg·mL-1. In summary, liposome-BPQDs with high stability exhibited good photothermal effects, which can be expected to be applied to photothermal therapy of cervical carcinoma.