Intrauterine infection and fetal cardiovascular system development / 国际儿科学杂志

When the pathogen infects the fetus,the pathogenic microorganism and the infection product are recognized by the corresponding receptor.The fetus innate immune system is passively activated,which produces proinflammatory cytokines,induces cascade reaction of cytokines,and releases a large number of inflammatory factors secreted by the body.Its toxic effect can cause damage to the brain,lung,small intestine and heart and other important organs of the whole body,which seriously threatens the life of the perinatal infants and their subsequent survival quality.It has been found that fetal cardiovascular system is one of the important target organs of intrauterine infection.Cytokines produced by cardiac inflammation and induced by intrauterine infection can damage myocardial cells,affect the proliferation of myocardial cells,and cause damage to cardiac function.Moreover,the persistent influence of infection on fetus leads to fetal vascular remodeling and changes in fetal cardiopulmonary hemodynamics.This article reviews the effects of pathogens of intrauterine infection and fetal cardiac inflammation,cardiac hemodynamics,cardiomyocyte development,gene program of cardiomyocyte and cardiac structure development on fetal cardiovascular system.

The Effect of Esmolol Combined with Nitroglycerin on Cardiac Hemodynamics and Myocardial Oxygen Balance during Cross-Clamping of Thoracic Aorta in Induced Ischemic Canene Heart / 대한마취과학회지

The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective role of esmolol during cross-clamping of descending thoracic aorta on the ischemic myocardium induced by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) in dogs. LAD was ligated for 15 min followed by reperfusion. Nitroglycerin with or without esmolol were continuously infused throughout procedure and the thoracic aorta was cross-clamped for 45 mins. Eighteen dogs were divided into three groups; group C-no drug administerd, group N-nitroglycerin(5 ug/kg/min), and group NE-nitroglycerin(5 ug/kg/min) with esmolol(0.5 mg/kg as loading dose following 50 ug/kg/min as maintenance dose). Heart rate(HR), mean arterial pressure(MAP), stroke volume(SV), cardiac index(CI), left ventricular stroke work index(LVSWI), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP), triple index(TI), mixed venous oxygen tension of great cardiac vein(PgvO2), Ca-vDO2(carotid arterial oxygen content-great cardiac vein oxygen content) and lactate were measured three times in each group before ligation of LAD(stage 1), 15 minutes after LAD ligation(stage 2) and 45 minutes after cross-clamping of descending thoracic aorta(stage 3). The results were as follows: 1) MAP of group NE at stage 3 was significantly high compared with group C but low compared with group N (P<0.05). 2) SV of group NE at stage 3 was significantly high compared with group C and group N. A significant change was observed between group C and group N(P<0.05). 3) CI, LVSWI, PgvO2 of group NE at stage 3 were significantly high compared with group C but not significantly high compared with group N(P<0.05). 4) HR, PCWP, Lactate level of group NE at stage 3 were significantly low compared with group C and group N. A significant change was also observed between group C and group N(P<0.05). 5) TI, Ca vDO2 of group NE at stage 3 were significantly low compared with group C and group N, but no significant change was observed between group C and group N(P<0.05). These results suggest that esmolol could protect ischemic myocardium from progressive damage via reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption without decrease of cardiac output and left ventricular stroke work index.

Effect of ginsenoside Rg_2 on cardiac hemodynamics of anesthetized open chest dog / 中成药

AIM: To study the effect of ginsenoside Rg 2 on cardiac hemodynamics in dog. METHODS: The parameters of cardiac hemodynamics were determined by using anesthetized open chest dog. RESULTS: In dogs treated with ginsenoside Rg 2 in a dose of 0.5、 1.0、2.0mg?kg -1 respectively, the heart rate (HR) slowed, the diastolic blood pressure (DBP)、 left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and maximum decreasing rate ( dp/dtmax) increased; the cardiac output (CO)、 cardiac index (CI) and stroke index (SI) decreased; The coronary vascular resistance (CVR)、 the renal vascular resistance (RVR) and total periphery resistance (TPR) increased. CONCLUSION: Effect of ginsenoside Rg 2 on cardiac hemodynamics in dogs is similar to strophanthin K(SK), and can support the blood circulation of important organs.

EFFECTS OF METOCLOPRAMIDE ON PHYSIOLOGIC PROPERTIES OF GUINEA PIG PAPILLARY MUSCLES AND HEMODYNAMICS IN DOGS / 中国药理学通报

The effects of metoclopramide( MCP ) on the physiologic properties of guinea pig papillary muscles and the hemodynamics in anesthetic dogs were studied. MCP decreased contractility, increased the epinephrine concentration inducing automaticity and shifted the voltage-time plot to the right. But the functional refractory period was prolonged. Furthermore, the contractility and automaticity of the right auricle were decreased. MCP 5 mg/kg iv increased cardiac index (CI), systolic blood pressure ( SBP ), diastolic blood pressure ( DBP ), left ventricular systolic pressure ( LVSP ), maximal rate of change of intraventricular pressure ( dP/dtmax ), and total peripheral resistance ( TPR ) while MCP 10mg/kg iv decreased SBP, DBP, LVSP, dP/dtmax and TPR except increase of CI.