Mechanism of Ferroptosis in Myocardial Cells and Protective Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death， characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. Cardiovascular disease （CVD） is an ischemic or hemorrhagic disease of the heart caused by various factors， mainly including myocardial infarction， heart failure， etc. Ferroptosis is involved in the process of myocardial cell damage and plays a driving role in the progression of various CVDs. Its main mechanisms include the destruction of iron homeostasis， the production of reactive oxygen species， the disorder of the antioxidant system， mitochondrial membrane damage， endoplasmic reticulum stress， tumor suppressor gene p53， transcription factor Nrf2 pathway， etc. Myocardial injury is one of the causes of death in many patients with heart disease. Monomers or compounds of traditional Chinese medicine have shown good effects in the treatment of myocardial cell injury caused by ferroptosis， including baicalin protecting cardiac microvascular endothelial cells of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion （I/R） rats through intracellular phosphatidylinositol kinase/phosphokinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthase （PI3K/Akt/eNOS） pathway， Aralia elata saponin inhibiting myocardial cell ferroptosis through glucocorticoid receptor/p53/solute carrier family 7 members 11 （NR3C1/p53/SLC7A11） pathway， Xinyang tablets improving oxidative stress by regulating phosphorylated serine/threonine protein kinase/stress-activated protein kinase/p53 （MLK3/JNK/p53） signaling pathway. It is of great significance to explore the mechanism of ferroptosis and the protective effect of related traditional Chinese medicine after myocardial cell injury. This article reviews the mechanism of ferroptosis and its relationship with myocardial cells， as well as traditional Chinese medicine monomers and formulas for treating CVDs through the ferroptosis pathway. The article focuses on the pathways and effects of traditional Chinese medicine treatment， so as to provide a reference for the treatment of CVDs with traditional Chinese medicine.

Efficient QRS complex detection algorithm based on Fast Fourier Transform

An ECG signal, generally filled with noise, when de-noised, enables a physician to effectively determine and predict the condition and health of the heart. This paper aims to address the issue of denoising a noisy ECG signal using the Fast Fourier Transform based bandpass filter. Multi-stage adaptive peak detection is then applied to identify the R-peak in the QRS complex of the ECG signal. The result of test simulations using the MIT/BIH Arrhythmia database shows high sensitivity and positive predictivity (PP) of 99.98 and 99.96% respectively, confirming the accuracy and reliability of proposed algorithm for detecting R-peaks in the ECG signal.

INVOLVEMENT OF SERUM MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 IN PATHOGENESIS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the World (31% of all deaths)and Mongolia as well. CVD has been the leading cause of death in Mongolia for the last 20 years and consists one of 3 death cases. In its turn 59.6% of CVD mortality caused by Ischemic heart diseases. When the coronary atherosclerotic plaque becomes vulnerable, it will a thrombus develops on that ruptured plaque and then occludes the coronary artery, which causes acute blood deficiency in the downstream myocardium. Some studies indicate that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a key role on pathogenesis of plaque rupture. Aim:To study the involvement of serum MMP-9 enzyme in the pathogenesis during the rupture of the coronary atherosclerosis plaque.The study was conducted using case-control design. The main inclusion criteria of the case group is that the patient should have a ruptured coronary atherosclerotic plaque, confirmed by angiography. The total number of patients is 80, half of them belongs to the case group. MMP-9 was determined in serum by ELISA. We used CIIS (cardiac infarction injury score) by ECG and Gensini score system (Coronary Angiographic Scoring System) for assessing the severity of coronary heart disease.The average level of MMP-9 in case and control groups are 0.396±0.155 ng/ml, 0.223±0.087 ng/ ml respectively with p75%) stenosis (0.317±0.132 ng/ml), 2 vessel severe stenosis (0.348±0.157 ng/ml), 3 vessel severe stenosis (0.422±0.112 ng/ml). Furthermore, serum MMP-9 enzyme increases with accordance of severity of the myocardium injury with the statistical significance (p15, 0.376±0.132 ng/ml) group. MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in the probable injury (CIIS >15) patients compared to the possible injury (CIIS 10-15) patients (p < 0.001). An increase in serum MMP-9 enzyme levels is a risk factor of the coronary atherosclerotic plaque rupture (OR=0.001, p<0.001). MMP-9 enzyme may be a possible marker of atheromatous plaque rupture in coronary heart disease.

INVOLVEMENT OF SERUM MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-9 IN PATHOGENESIS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the World (31% of all deaths)and Mongolia as well. CVD has been the leading cause of death in Mongolia for the last 20 years and consists one of 3 death cases. In its turn 59.6% of CVD mortality caused by Ischemicheart diseases. When the coronary atherosclerotic plaque becomes vulnerable, it will a thrombus develops on that ruptured plaque and then occludes the coronary artery, which causes acute blood deficiency in the downstream myocardium. Some studies indicate thatmatrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays a key role on pathogenesis of plaque rupture. Aim:To study the involvement of serum MMP-9 enzyme in the pathogenesis during the rupture of the coronary atherosclerosis plaque.The study was conducted using case-control design. The main inclusion criteria of the case group is that the patient should have a ruptured coronary atherosclerotic plaque, confirmed by angiography. The total number of patients is 80, half of them belongs to the case group. MMP-9 was determined in serum by ELISA. We used CIIS (cardiac infarction injury score) by ECG and Gensini score system (Coronary Angiographic Scoring System) for assessing the severity of coronary heart disease.The average level of MMP-9 in case and control groups are 0.396±0.155 ng/ml, 0.223±0.087 ng/ ml respectively with p75%) stenosis (0.317±0.132 ng/ml), 2 vessel severe stenosis (0.348±0.157 ng/ml), 3 vessel severe stenosis (0.422±0.112 ng/ml). Furthermore, serum MMP-9 enzyme increases with accordance of severity of the myocardium injury with the statistical significance (p15, 0.376±0.132 ng/ml) group. MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in the probable injury (CIIS >15) patients compared to the possible injury (CIIS 10-15) patients (p < 0.001). An increase in serum MMP-9 enzyme levels is a risk factor of the coronary atherosclerotic plaque rupture (OR=0.001, p<0.001). MMP-9 enzyme may be a possible marker of atheromatous plaque rupture in coronary heart disease.

Intervention Study for the Effectiveness of Alcohol Restriction to Blood Pressure / 한국역학회지

PURPOSE: To assess whether blood pressure is reduced by the intervention of intensive weekly counseling to lower alcohol intake for 12 weeks in heavy drinkers with elevated blood pressure, we conducted the quasi-experimental study through workplace health promotion program. METHODS: Thirty workers with an average intake of alcohol over 180 g/week(2 bottles of Soju, Korean popular liquor) and with over 90 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure(DBP) or over 140 mm Hg systolic blood pressure(SBP) assigned to intervention group(15 men, IG) and control group(15 men, CG) voluntarily. Mean age was 47.2 6.5 and 43.0 5.4 years old respectivel. The goal of intervention was below 45g/week(1/2 bottle of Soju). RESULTS: Average weekly alcohol intake after 12 weeks in IG was significantly reduced(before 300.6 114.8g/week, after 24.8 24.5g/week) compared with CG(before 334.4 150.7g/week, after 311.3 150.8g/week). In IG, SBP(before 141.5 9.4mm Hg, after 128.7 13.0mm Hg) and DBP(before 95.5 6.3mm Gg, after 88.0 10.8mm Hg) was significantly decreased after 12 weeks of alcohol restriction program, but in CG there was no change. CONCLUSION: Restriction program of alcohol intake in workplace was so effective to reduce blood pressure among hypertensives, although this study has a limitation of small subjects, short duration of follow up and no randomized controlled design.

Spontaneous Remission of Congenital Leukemia-One Case Report / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical features and possible mechanisms of congenrtal leuleemia spontaneous remission. Methods By means of literature review, 17 cases with spontaneous remission of congenital leukemia were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 17 patients, 8 were persistent remission(47%), 9 had late relapses(53%). Neither initial white cell count nor bone marrow involvement was associated with late relapses. 5 cases(29%) had abnormal karyotype and gene rearrangment,11q23 translocation indicated poor prognosis. Conclusions Conservative treatment can be given unless there was evidence of progressive leukemia. Because of occasional late relapses, long term follow-up was recommended. The detection of karyotype and gene rearrangment was a powerful prognostic tool available.