Egresados de la licenciatura en enfermería: estudio de trayectorias escolares y laborales / Graduates of the nursing degree: a study of school and work trajectories

Introducción: el trabajo educativo de las universidades debe ser evaluado y un criterio aceptado es el seguimiento de egresados; por ello, es importante realizar investigaciones vinculadas con las trayectorias escolares y laborales. Objetivo: describir las trayectorias escolares y laborales de los egresados de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, transversal, con una muestra no probabilística de 203 egresados de la Licenciatura en Enfermería de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza. Las variables de estudio fueron las trayectorias escolar y laboral. Se aplicó un cuestionario de 42 ítems, valorado con preguntas abiertas y escala Likert. Se consideraron las gene- raciones de egresados que concluyeron sus estudios en 2015 y 2016. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: el 93% eligió la carrera como primera opción, lograron una calificación final promedio de 87, el 73% refirió ser titulado, el 69% trabaja, el 51% es por interinato y el 52% desempeña un puesto de auxiliar de enfermería. Conclusiones: en general los resultados son satisfactorios, pero aún hay un número importante de egresados con trayectorias escolares (27%) y laborales (31%) rezagadas que se deben atender.

Introduction: The universities educational work must be evaluated, and an accepted criterion is the followup of graduates, therefore it is important to carry out research related to school and work trajectories. Objective: To describe the graduate's school and work trajectories of the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Bachelor's degree in Nursing. Methods: Descriptive, crosssectional study, with a non-pro- babilistic sample of 203 graduates of the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza Nursing Degree. The study varia- bles were the school and work trajectories, resolved with descriptive statistics. A questionnaire consisting of 42 items was applied, assessed with open questions and a Likert scale. The generations of graduates who completed studies in 2015 and 2016 were considered. Results: 93% chose the career as the first option, they achie- ved an average final grade of 87, 73% refer to being titled. 69% work, 51% are temporary, 52% have a nursing assistant position. Conclusions: In general, the results are satisfactory, however, there is still a significant number of graduates with lagged school (27%) and work (31%) careers that must be attended to.

The Medical Education Curricula for Students Selected by Nagoya University for Medically Underserved Areas / 医学教育

  To respond to the physician shortage, the capacity of medical schools has been increased through selective admission of student to practice in medically underserved areas; however, neither a system nor a curriculum for such students has been established. At Nagoya University, selected students have been admitted, and the division of Education for Community–Oriented Medicine was established in fiscal year 2009. We have introduced special curricula for these students, such as a seminar for community–oriented medicine, training for medical research, local hospital tours, and a special interprofessional education course. In fiscal year 2013, community medicine is expected to be implemented as a compulsory subject in the 4th year curriculum. For the education of students selected to practice in medically underserved areas, we believe that older students serving as role models and cooperation with other organizations and community are important.

Establishment of a clinical training system beyond the regions and the teaching hospitals / 医学教育

  Teaching hospitals play an increasingly important role in clinical training, and improvement of the education system is required. To effectively utilize limited human and material resources for clinical education and to enhance clinical education and medicine treatment throughout a region, cooperation between hospitals is essential. However, cooperation for clinical education training beyond prefectures or training hospitals cannot be said to be sufficient. The Kisogawa Medical Conference, a collaborative system of 5 training hospitals located around the Kiso River estuary, held medical lectures, hands–on seminars, and joint–hospital case conferences. Cooperation in medical education training and exchanges beyond prefectures and training hospitals is expected to lead to substantial improvements, not only in medical education training, but also in medical care throughout a region.

Challenges in the conduct of clinical research / 医学教育

The promotion of clinical research in Japan requires the establishment of a formal and systematic education and training program for clinicians to ensure they become effective clinician investigators. The first of its kind in Japan, a formal 1-year masters-degree-level training program (MCR course) was started at Kyoto University School of Medicine and Public Health. The first 28 students graduated in 2008, with most returning to their original clinical institutions. <br>1) As follow-up, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey of all 28 graduates (response rate, 86%) concerning the current status of clinical research and problems encountered at their institutions.<br>2) Almost 40% of respondents (n=24) reported &quot;no time&quot; or &quot;no research collaborators&quot; for clinical research.<br>3) Twenty respondents (83%) have attempted to promote clinical research at their hospital or workplace, but only 1 has received institutional support.<br>4) Over half of the respondents (54%) would like to be working in both clinical research and clinical practice at their hospital in the future (10-year timescale). Forty-two percent of respondents had a concrete image of the clinical researcher's career path. <br>5) Although open to improvement, the MCR program presents a concrete model for the education of clinical researchers. These findings suggest that promoting the conduct of clinical research requires the implementation of a support system and adjustment of personal and physical infrastructure.

A Course of Post-primary Clinical Training at Anjo Kosei Hospital / 医学教育

1) Anjo Kosei Hospital has nearly 40 years of history of the post-primary clinical training course.<BR>2) More than 90% of the young doctors, passed through 2 years of the primary clinical training course, have chosen further training at Anjo Kosei Hospital. During this course they began to start the experience for their own career for specialist.<BR>3) This education program is closely coordinated with Medical Colleges such as Nagoya University and Nagoya City College of medicine. After 4 or 5 years of training at Anjo Kosei Hospital, they continued their training at Nagoya University Hospital or Nagoya City College Hospital for the further career.

Human Resource Development in International Medical Cooperation in the United Kingdom / 国際保健医療

Medical doctors in the United Kingdom who wish to work overseas have severe problems such as job security on return, childcare, and uncertain career due to lack of institutionalised career path in the field of international medical cooperation. The same applies in Japan. It is, however, different from Japan that media for job opportunities and career related information have been far developed.<br>Recently, Department of Health, the UK has started to encourage human resource development in the field, which hold out the hope to extricate from severe situation of human resources in the future.