The establishment and validation of the Chinese version of SARC-F scale for sarcopenia screening among elderly population: a multicenter study / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective:To establish the Chinese version of (strength, assistance with walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs and falls, SARC-F) scale using the standardized methods and to validate the reliability and validity for sarcopenia screening among elderly population.Methods:Following the recommended procedure by World Health Organization and European Union Geriatric Medicine Society Sarcopenia Special Interest Group, the translation process included forward translation, expert panel, back-translation, pre-testing and cognitive interviewing to generate the final version. In the pilot study, the test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, and internal consistency of the Chinese version of SARC-F scale were assessed. In the diagnostic test for clinical validation, the participants were consecutively recruited from communities and hospitals in Beijing and Tianjin between December 2021 and October 2022. The scale administration, anthropometry, and body composition measurement were conducted by trained investigators. Participants with the SARC-F score ≥ 4 were considered at risk of sarcopenia. Diagnostic tests and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed against the definitions of sarcopenia according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) and Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS2019), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and the area under curve were displayed.Results:The Chinese version of SARC-F scale was approved by the author that the translation has expressed the original meaning correctly. The Chinese version of SARC-F had good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.914), inter-rater reliability ( r = 0.726), and internal consistency ( α = 0.729). There were altogether 1 882 participants included in the clinical validation. According to the diagnostic criteria of EWGSOP2 and AWGS2019, the Chinese version of SARC-F scale had low sensitivity (13.6% and 16.0%) and positive predictive value (44.6% and 35.4%), high specificity (95.1% and 94.7%) and negative predictive value (79.0% and 86.2%), and moderate AUC of 0.619 and 0.616 (all P < 0.001) for sarcopenia screening. Conclusions:The Chinese version of SARC-F scale was of good reliability and validity. The application of SARC-F in the primary healthcare settings would contribute to the early diagnosis of sarcopenia.

Application of self-made "medical ventilation chair" in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in prone position / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of self-made medical ventilation chair in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ventilated in prone position, with the aim of reducing the occurrence of complications in patients with ARDS ventilated in prone position.Methods:This study was a quasi experimental research method. In this study, 78 patients admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit of Changsha Central Hospital affiliated to South China University from October 2019 to September 2021 were selected for the study by convenience sampling method, and were divided into a control group and a experimental group according to the order of admission, with 39 cases in each group. The experimental group was ventilated in the prone position using a self-made medical ventilation chair, and the control group was ventilated in the prone position using the conventional turning method, comparing the facial skin injury, tracheal displacement, tracheal tube obstruction, and RICU hospitalization time in the two groups.Results:At the end of prone position ventilation, the incidence of facial skin intact and redness and swelling was 56.41% (22/39) and 43.59% (17/39) in the experimental group and 25.64% (10/39) and 69.23% (27/39) in the control group, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( χ2=7.63, 5.21, both P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of facial skin breakdown between the two groups ( P>0.05); the incidence of complications was 5.13% (2/39) in the experimental group and 20.51% (8/39) in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( χ2=4.13, P<0.05); the duration of RICU stay was (13.34 ± 3.85) days in the experimental group and ( 15.80 ± 5.55) days, with a statistically significant difference ( t=2.25, P<0.05). Conclusions:The use of self-made medical ventilation chair can reduce the facial skin damage of patients, reduce the occurrence of related complications, and shorten the hospitalization time of RICU. It is worth popularizing and applying in ICU.

Coincidence rate of adjustable and non adjustable desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the coincidence rate of adjustable and non adjustable desks and chairs in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai, so as to provide a reference for the effective management of desks and chairs in schools.@*Methods@#Stratified random cluster sampling was applied to measure 1 091 sets of desks and chairs in 33 classrooms of 7 primary and secondary schools in 4 districts of Shanghai including Huangpu, Hongkou, Yangpu and Jiading districts. The height examination data of seated students in the same semester were also collected to evaluate the matching type of functional size of desks and chairs and students height according to Functional Sizes and Technical Requirements of Chairs and Tables for Educational Institutions.@*Results@#The matching coincidence rate of desk and chair distribution in primary and secondary schools was 22.5%, and the matching coincidence rates of primary, middle and high schools were 11.7%, 27.1% and 40.9% respectively ( χ 2=83.23, P <0.01); the matching coincidence rate of adjustable desks and chairs (28.2%) was significantly higher than that of fixed (18.2%) ( χ 2=14.49, P <0.01). The type of distribution of desks and chairs that do not correspond to national standards, from elementary school to high school, showing a trend of high desks with high chairs, low desks with high chairs to high desks with low chairs.@*Conclusion@#The coincidence rate of desk and chair distribution in primary and secondary schools is low, and the adjustable desks and chairs has improved the problems to a certain extent, but has not significantly improved the coincidence rate. It is necessary to further explore the effective management mode in the use of adjustable desks and chairs and improve the current situation of the use of desks and chairs in schools.

Analysis of dental clinic and dental chair distribution in Sichuan / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To thoroughly understand the current dental chair equipment status of dental clinics in Sichuan Province and provide a reference for administrative departments.@*METHODS@#Data were collected from a health administrative department and a regional social development yearbook. The number of existing dental clinics and dental chairs in Sichuan Province was investigated.@*RESULTS@#In Sichuan Province, 7 103 dental clinics were determined to be equipped with 21 760 dental chairs. The Gini coefficients of per capita dental clinics in the province were 0.50, 0.22, and 0.06, and the Gini coefficients of per capita dental chairs were 0.68, 0.31, and 0.15; these coefficients had the same distribution as that reflected by the Lorenz curve. In consideration of geographic distribution, the Theil index for the distribution of dental clinics and dental chairs among cities and states were 0.690 7 and 0.822 3, respectively. The overall Theil index va-lues for the distribution of dental clinics and dental chairs in the province were 0.902 4 and 1.079 4, respectively. The difference in the distribution of dental clinics and dental chairs among cities and states in the province contributed 0.765 4 and 0.761 8 to the total difference, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The allocation of oral health resources in Sichuan Pro-vince is relatively equitable in terms of population and economic distribution but uneven in geographical distribution.

Fluid preloading before beach chair positioning for arthroscopic shoulder procedures: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background and objectives The Beach Chair Position (BCP) has many advantages such as less neurovascular injury and better intra-articular visualization, but it has also negative consequences, including hemodynamic instability. Although maintaining normal Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) is important, fluid management is also a crucial concept for hemodynamic stability. The main objective of this study is whether preloading before positioning would be effective for less hemodynamic instability. Methods This randomized, controlled study was conducted in a single center in the Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. Forty-nine patients undergoing elective arthroscopic surgery in the BCP were recruited. In the study group, crystalloid fluid at 10 mL.kg-1 of ideal body weight was administered intravenously 30 min before the BCP for preloading. The primary outcome measures were differences of hemodynamic variables as MAP, Stroke Volume (SV), Heart Rate (HR), and Cardiac Output (CO). The secondary outcome measures were Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) rates in postoperative first day, surgical satisfaction scale, total ephedrine dose used during surgery, and total amount of fluid. Results The MAP, CO, and SV measurements of the study group were higher than those of the control group in the 5th minute after the BCP (respectively, p= 0.001, p= 0.016, p= 0.01). The total amount of crystalloid and surgical satisfaction scales were higher in the study group (respectively, p= 0.016, p= 0.001). Total amount of colloid and ephedrine dose used in the intraoperative period, and PONV rates were lower in the study group (p= 0.003, p= 0.018, p= 0.019, respectively). Conclusion Consequently, preloading can be favorable approach to preserve hemodynamic stability.

Comparison of two types of disinfectants on the disinfection of the fixed end of the table suction pipe in the oral comprehensive treatment table / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To compare the disinfection effects of 500 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant and 3% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant applied to the threaded plastic hose at the fixed end of the saliva suction pipe of the oral comprehensive treatment table after diagnosis and treatment of patients in stomatology to provide a basis for clinical cleaning and disinfection.@* Methods @#The fixed ends of saliva suction pipes of 12 comprehensive treatment tables in the dental pulp department and maxillofacial surgery were selected as the research objects. The absorption was randomly divided into two groups and a control group: experimental group 1 with 500 mg/L chlorine disinfectants and experiment 2 group with 3% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant rinse disinfection and the control group with 0.9% sterile saline flushing pipe once a week for four weeks. Before and after washing and disinfection, samples from the inner wall of the threaded plastic hose interface were collected for bacterial culture and colony count, and colony counts within and between groups were compared before and after disinfection. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 software.@*Results@#The baseline number of bacterial colonies in the first three groups was balanced, with no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 0.538, P = 0.764). The number of bacterial colonies after washing and disinfection was lower than that before washing and disinfection. The difference between 500 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant and 3% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant before and after disinfection was highly significant (Z = -4.801, P<0.001; Z = -4.429, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the disinfection effect of 500 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant and 3% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant, but they were both better than the control group (χ2 = 18.070, P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#Disinfecting the saliva suction pipe with disinfectant between diagnosis and treatment can effectively reduce the bacterial contamination at the fixed end threaded plastic hose interface of the saliva suction pipe. The disinfection method is simple and convenient, and it is worth applying in the oral clinic.

Formación continua y calidad de vida de los adultos mayores / Continuous Education and Quality of Life in Older Adults

Introducción: La población adulta mayor en el mundo experimenta un crecimiento acelerado, que impone retos a la sociedad para mantener y elevar la calidad de vida de este grupo etario. Objetivo: Exponer la influencia de la formación continua en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores. Desarrollo: La calidad de vida en el adulto mayor está fuertemente influenciada por el apoyo social, que le permite hacer un mejor uso de sus habilidades y capacidades. La formación continua influye de forma positiva en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores al prepararlos para un proceso de envejecimiento activo, una longevidad satisfactoria, y una vida digna y saludable. Al respecto, se han analizado publicaciones de autores latinoamericanos, fundamentalmente, y se han tenido en cuenta las experiencias de las Cátedras Universitarias del Adulto Mayor en Cuba. Conclusiones: Las experiencias de la participación de los adultos mayores en la formación continua universitaria demuestran que contribuye a elevar la calidad de vida de estas personas, así como a su inserción plena en la comunidad(AU)

Introduction: The older adult population worldwide is increasingly growing, which imposes challenges on society to maintain and improve the quality of life of this age group. Objective: To present the influence of continuous training on the quality of life of older adults. Development: Quality of life in the older adult is strongly influenced by social support, which allows them to make better use of their skills and capabilities. Continuous training influences the quality of life of older adults positively, by preparing them for an active aging process, a satisfactory longevity, as well as a dignified and healthy life. In this regard, publications by Latin American authors have been analyzed, fundamentally; while the experiences of the Elderly University Chairs in Cuba have been taken into account. Conclusions: The experiences of the older adults' participation in university continuous education show that it contributes to raising the quality of life of these people, as well as their full insertion in the community(AU)

Fabrication of guide and removal of fiber post by tetrahedron positioning technology at the chair side: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To explore the technology and efficacy of fabrication of a guide and removal of a fiber post by tetrahedron positioning technology at the chair side.@*Methods@# For one patient with acute chronic periapical periodontitis of the left maxillary lateral incisor who needed to have the fiber post removed, the chair side tetrahedral positioning technique was used to make a guide plate to remove the fiber post. Cone beam CT (CBCT) data were imported into the software to design the guide plate for fiber post removal. The guide plate design on CBCT was transferred to a solid model by using tetrahedral positioning technology. The guide plate was made to guide the removal of the fiber post, and then left maxillary lateral incisor root canal was performed. We evaluated the effect of fiber post removal with tetrahedral positioning technology by reviewing the literature.@*Results @#The guide plate made by tetrahedral positioning technology can accurately locate the position and direction of fiber posts at a low cost and with high speed. After the fiber post was removed, the root canal could be dredged by using root canal preparation instruments. After root canal preparation, the root canal was filled with warm gutta-percha to complete the root canal treatment. After 3 months, the apical radiograph showed that the transmission shadow of the apical area was reduced. The results of the literature review showed that the fiber post removal with guide plates provides a predictable result and a lower risk of iatrogenic damage. Minimally invasive treatment can be carried out, and chair time can be reduced.@*Conclusion@#On the basis of CBCT data, using tetrahedral positioning technology to make fiber post removal guides can help reduce the risk of fiber post removal and has the characteristics of speed, low cost and short chair side processing. However, the accuracy comparison between tetrahedral positioning technology and 3D printing guides needs further study.

Features of an Ergonomic Chair Designed for Surgeons Performing Microscopic Surgeries

@#Introduction: This study aimed at ergonomic assessment of the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among microscopic surgeons , investigate the specification of ergonomic chairs and designing one for use during microscopic surgeries. Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 27 micro surgeons out of 4 surgeons (ear, nose and throat), eye surgery, neurosurgery and plastic surgery in Khalili, Namazi, Shahid Chamran and Shahid Faghihi hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. The study was carried out in 4 steps. Objective evaluations included posture assessment by RULA and assessment of postural angles of the body (during performing microscopic surgeries) by Digimizer software. Subjective evaluation included the assessment of pain intensity and chair comfort using a visual analogue scale. next step was to determine the necessary anthropometric dimensions of the micro-surgeons. The fourth step was 3D modeling of the initial idea using Sketch Up 2017. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the final RULA scores of the surgeons’ postures were obtained 6.75 ± 0.5 and 6.5 ± 0.57 for the right and left sides of the body, respectively. Pain VAS scores after using normal chairs for microscopic surgeries were 5.32 (low-back pain), 4.42 (right shoulder/ arm pain) and 4.15 (left shoulder/ arm pain) which were their highest pain scores. The results of the assessment of postural angles by Digimizer software also showed a high risk of musculoskeletal disorders in the arm, forearm, wrist, neck, and trunk. Conclusion: In terms of ergonomics, the chair with the specifications listed may reduce physical fatigue and a potentially safer working environment for surgeons to create.

Effect Of Whole Body Vibration On Lower Body Strength And Balance In Osteoarthritis Knee

Background: Knee osteoarthritis causes pain, functional limitation, and disability in the elderly. Whole-body vibration has gained a lot of attention in recent years. It is currently used in alleviating pain and improve physical function along with strength and balance. Methods: 34 individuals aged between 50-70 years fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and randomized into two groups. Baseline assessment was done using the VAS scale, WOMAC scale, Berg Balance Scale, and 30seconds chair stand test. Group A received whole-body vibration, and knee strengthening exercises, and group B received only strengthening exercises. The treatment was given thrice in a week for four weeks. The assessment was done by the end of the 2nd and 4th weeks. Results: Whole body vibration had shown greater improvement of VAS on rest (p<0.05) compared to VAS on activity. Also, the WOMAC score was statistically improved between and within the group with p<0.05. Conclusion: Whole body vibration, along with strengthening exercises, showed superior effects in reducing pain, stiffness, physical function, balance, and lower limb strength in osteoarthritis knee patients.

Efficacy Of Chair Based Exercises To Improve Self Reported Sleep Problems And Depression Among Institutionalised Elderly

Background: Poor sleep quality and depression along with physiological changes due to ageing contribute to increased incidences of falls. It has been observed that among most of the elderly residents these problems remain untreated and studies have shown almost eighty five percentage of this population rely on antidepressants and sedatives as a treatment of choice. But these medications can have deleterious side effects like day time confusion, drowsiness and falls. Physical exercises in different modes like resisted exercises or Tai Chai have shown to improve sleep quality and depression. But most of these exercises are done in standing or unaided and they can be difficult or impossible for frail elderly due to their co- morbidity and increased risk of falling. Methodology: Permission to carry out the study was taken from concerned authorities of old age homes. Written consent was taken from participants. Thirty subjects aged sixty five years and above were recruited in the study from the old age homes, Navi Mumbai. The participants were screened and pre-test score for depression and sleep quality were taken on Pittsburgh Sleep quality index and Geriatric depression scale. A structured group ,chair based exercises was undertaken and supervised by the physiotherapist, twice in a week for ten weeks .The exercises included were warm up, free mobility exercises for upper and lower limbs, breathing exercises and cool down for about forty five minutes. After completion of ten weeks post test score for outcome measures were noted and results were analysed. Results: Statistical analysis was done using Wilcoxon signed rank test for Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and Geriatric Depression Scale. The Global Score of sleep quality scale showed improvement post-test value of 9.5 from 12.5, z value 4.230, p value less than 0.001. The post test for depression improved to 12 from pre-test score of 17, z value 4.639, p value less than 0 .001. The study was single blinded to reduce bias. Conclusion: Chair based exercises can be considered as simple and effective exercises to improve poor sleep quality and depression among institutionalized elderly.

Cirugía de hombro en posición silla de playa: estrategias y recomendaciones para la prevención de complicaciones isquémicas / Strategies and recommendations for the prevention of ischemic complications in beach chair position for shoulder surgery

Beach chair position is require for Shoulder surgery frequently for proper resolution. The stroke associated with shoulder surgery is a rare complication and probably underreported. The objective of this article is to review the pathophysiology of the ischemic damage associated with beach chair position, learn about strategies and develop recommendations to minimize risks.

La cirugía de hombro (CH), requiere y requerirá colocar a los pacientes en la posición en silla de playa (PSP), cada vez con mayor frecuencia para su adecuada resolución. El asociado a CH, es una complicación poco frecuente y probablmente subreportada. El objetivo de esta revisión, es repasar la fisiopatología del daño isquémico asociado a PSP, conocer estrategias y elaborar recomedaciones destinadas a minimizar riesgos.

Effect of Chair Inclination Forward on Sit-to-Stand for Hemiplegics after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To study the effect of chair inclination angles forward on sit-to-stand time and muscle activation of lower extremities in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Methods:From January to August, 2019, 15 stroke patients with hemiplegia finished five times sit-to-stand at seat slope 0°, 10° and 20° forward. The time, and surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals of rectus femoris, hamstrings, anterior tibialis and peroneus muscle were recorded. Results:The total EMG peak, root mean square and integrated electromyography (iEMG) of all the muscles decreased at seat slope 10° and 20° forward compared with those at 0° (F > 4.530, P < 0.05). The time decreased at seat slope 20° forward compared with that at 0° (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Seat inclination forward at some angles may improve the sit-to-stand performance in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Redesign Of Breastfeeding Chair For Nursery Room

@#Breastfeeding chair is one of the essential facilities in the airport. This study designs the breastfeeding chair for the nursery room in Minangkabau International Airport. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) was used to investigate the customer requirements by distributing questionnaires to 100 mothers in Padang West Sumatra. Anthropometry data was also measured form those respondents. The study resulted in a design of ergonomic breastfeeding chair which was used features obtained from the voice of the customers. The design has considered the condition of the mother giving birth by normal as well as a cesarean. The design has an adjustable back seat with an angle of 95o,105o, and 110o; it has an adjustable footrest with 120o, 140o, and 180o angles. The chair has a headrest, baby support pad, a portable baby cushion, an adjustable baby bearings. The chair has also equipped with an assemble torn neck, a small drawer on the side of the chair, and a palm rest that can be used or not by adjusting the height.

Impact of Office Chair on Health in Faculty at Jazan University

Since the introduction of the parameters and guidelines for office chairs, great effort has been put while designing, manufacturing and assembling well equipped ergonomic office chairs. Designing of these office chairs led to many new additions and advancements of various major components like the seat height, adjustable back rest and adequate thigh support. So, this study was planned and executed to check the usage of ergonomic office chairs by the faculty members and the prevalence of pain in various areas and joints among male faculty members under different colleges of Jazan University. Total of 150 male faculty members from different colleges under Jazan University participated in this study. All individuals have explained the need for the current study and their consent was taken. The data were collected from all the subjects and complied which was put for statistical analysis. The result after analysis showed the prevalence of pain in lower back in 63 subjects (42%) followed by pain in upper back for 37 subjects (24.67%), shoulder pain in 17 subjects (11.33%), buttock pain in 15 subjects (10%), elbow pain in 9 subject (6%), pain behind thighs in 5 subjects (3.33%), knee pain in 4 subjects only (02.67%) and no non-subject expressed pain in wrists, fingers and ankles as their prior most discomfort.

A survey of the understanding of the scope of work undertaken by dental hygienists and chair-side dental assistants among dental students in Seoul / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the awareness of the students currently attending dental colleges/schools in Seoul regarding the scope of work done by a dental hygienist (DH) and a chair-side dental assistant (DA).METHODS: A direct questionnaire survey was conducted among 950 students who currently attend dental colleges/schools in Seoul. We were able to use a total of 458 samples for final analysis after excluding inappropriate ones. The contents of this structuralized survey included the obligation of proper name badge use for dental health care personnel, the legal work scopes of a DH and a DA in accordance with the revised execution of the ‘Legal Acts on Medical Technicians’, and the inclusion/exclusion of such contents from dental colleges/schools curricula. The results were statistically analyzed via the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 software.RESULTS: Many subjects were aware of the difference in scope of work performed by a DH and a DA (P < 0.001), but not their legal obligation to wear appropriate name badges in accordance with the ‘Proposal for the Establishment of the Name Badge Standards for Healthcare Practitioners'. The subjects generally showed higher comprehension of the scope of work performed by a DH (74.3%) than that performed by a DA (57.7%). Without the presence of any corresponding curriculum, accurate responses tended to increase with the students' seniority. Most students (94.4%) agreed with the need to include a class that teaches the scope of work performed by a DH and a DA in their school curricula.CONCLUSIONS: We have found that education regarding ‘Name Badge Standards for Healthcare Practitioners’ and classification of a dental assistant's scope of work is lacking in the existing curriculum. Therefore, it is necessary to establish additional curriculum.

O mito da cadeira vazia / The myth of the empty chair / El mito de la silla vacía

O desenvolvimento pós-moreniano de uma teoria da imaginação e fantasia obriga-nos a revisar o conceito de realidade suplementar, compreendida hoje em sua concepção histórica como um ponto fundamental da teoria do psicodrama, que nos obriga a uma revisão à luz de um conjunto que engloba a filosofia do momento de Moreno, aderida intimamente às suas formulações teóricas e às consequências práticas e técnicas. Sob esse ponto de vista, a técnica da cadeira vazia, tornada mítica, é muito mais que uma técnica, ganhando maior importância quando ultrapassa sua mera definição como objeto intermediário, focada hoje nas raízes de uma realidade suplementar, ou seja, o campo de atuação de nossa criatividade na cena psicodramática e no cotidiano relacional da vida de todos nós.

The post-Morenian development of a theory of imagination and fantasy requires us to revise the concept of supplementary reality, understood today in its historical conception as a key aspect of the theory of psychodrama, that forces us to review in the light of a set that comprises the Moreno's philosophy of the moment, adhered closely to its theoretical formulations and to the practical and technical consequences. From this point of view, the technique of the empty chair, made mythical, is much more than a technique, gaining more importance when it exceeds its mere definition as an intermediate object, focused today on the roots of a supplementary reality, that is, the field of action of our creativity in the psychodramatic scene and in the relational daily life of all of us.

El desarrollo post moreniano de una teoría de la imaginación y la fantasía nos obliga a revisar el concepto de realidad suplementaria, comprendida hoy en su concepción histórica como un punto central de la teoría del psicodrama, que nos obliga una revisión a la luz de un conjunto que engloba la filosofía del momento de Moreno, adherida íntimamente a sus formulaciones teóricas y a las consecuencias prácticas y técnicas. En este punto de vista, la técnica de la silla vacía, tornada mítica, es mucho más que una técnica, ganando mayor importancia cuando sobrepasa su mera definición como objeto intermedio, enfocada hoy en las raíces de una realidad suplementaria, o sea, el campo de actuación de nuestra creatividad en la escena psicodramática y en el cotidiano relacional de la vida de todos nosotros.

Understanding chair-side digital technology for stomatology from an engineering viewpoint / 中华口腔医学杂志

In recent years with the rapid development of digital technology for stomatology, the application field, application model, technical features and technical connotation of the chair-side digital technology has got development and change. The open modular system has gradually replaced the traditional closed system, and the application field of digital technology is no longer limited to chair-side dental restoration, it also has been extend to various kinds of chair-side digital treatment-assisted technology. In this paper, from the engineering point of view, the up to date general connotation of chair-side digital technology was explained, the characteristics and the development of each unit in chair-side digital technology were analyzed, and the application pattern and the localization status were also discussed in this paper. The aim of this paper was to introduce the trend of chair-side digital technological to readers and to better guide clinical application.

Applied study and case report of comparison and application of two occupational health risk assessment methods in chair furniture manufacturing enterprises / 预防医学

Objective To apply and compare two occupational health risk assessment methods of Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and occupational health risk assessment model provided by the International Council on Mining and Metal (ICMM) in chair furniture manufacturing enterprises. Methods Three chair furniture manufacturing enterprises were selected and investigated by occupational health. Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and occupational health risk assessment model provided by the ICMM were used to evaluate the exposure risk in workers and compared. Results The result from the Singapore model indicated that there were extremely high risk for wood dust exposure at word-drilled workshop in factory C, high risk for wood dust exposure at word-drilled workshop in factory B and C, high risk for benzene exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory B and C, medium risk for wood dust exposure at wood-drilled workshop in factory A, toluene, xylene, dichloromethane, formaldehyde in factory B, toluene, xylene in factory C. There were inconsistent evaluation results using the ICMM tools of standard-based matrix and calculated risk rating. There were unacceptable risks for methylene chloride exposure at glue-sprayed workshop and word dust exposure at word-drilled workshop in factory A, B, C. There were unacceptable risks for benzene exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory B and C, toluene exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory A and C, ethyl acetate exposure at glue-sprayed workshop in factory B and C. The consistency of risk levels evaluated by Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and rating evaluated mothod of risk assessment model provided by the ICMM was 58.33％ (weighted kappa value: 0.25) . The consistencies of risk levels evaluated by Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and risk assessment model provided by the ICMM were low (weighted kappa value: 0.00) . Conclusion Singapore occupational semi-quantitative risk assessment technique and risk assessment model provided by the ICMM were both suitable for the chair furniture manufacturing enterprises, but the outcome of the two methods is inconsistent.

Compression stockings reduce the incidence of hypotension but not that of cerebral desaturation events in the beach-chair position: a randomized controlled trial / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: The beach-chair position (BCP) results in decreases in venous return, cardiac output, and cerebral perfusion pressure. In this randomized, prospective study, we investigated whether applying thigh-high compression stockings affected the maintenance of regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) in the BCP. METHODS: Patients undergoing orthopedic surgery in the BCP under general anesthesia were included and assigned randomly to the control or the compression stocking group. Appropriately sized thigh-high compression stockings were applied to the patients in the stockings group. All patients were tilted, up to 45°, throughout the operation. Non-invasive blood pressure, invasive arterial blood pressure zeroed at the external auditory meatus, and rSO2 were recorded. RESULTS: Data were analyzed from 19 patients per group. In the BCP, the values of rSO2 and blood pressure decreased significantly compared with those at baseline, with no significant difference between the groups. The incidences of cerebral desaturation events (CDEs) were similar between the groups; however, that of hypotension was significantly lower in the compression stocking group. During 36 CDEs, the levels of rSO2 and blood pressure decreased significantly compared with those at baseline in both groups. No significant correlation was found between rSO2 and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Thigh-high compression stockings reduced the incidence of hypotension but not that of CDEs. Our results suggest that other factors, beyond hypotension itself, contribute to CDEs and in other words, efforts just to reduce the incidence of hypotension may not mainly contribute to a reduction of CDEs occurrence in the BCP under general anesthesia.