Otorhinolaryngology Out-Patient Practice in the “Post”-COVID-19 Era: Ensuring a Balance Between Service and Safety

Objective@#To review available resources and provide evidence-based recommendations that may optimize otorhinolaryngologic out-patient health care delivery in the “post”-COVID-19 era while ensuring the safety of our patients, healthcare workers and staff.@*Data Sources@#Relevant peer-reviewed journal articles; task force, organizational and institutional, government and non-government organization recommendations; published guidelines from medical, health-related, and scientific organizations.@*Methods@#A comprehensive review of the literature on the COVID-19 pandemic as it pertained to “post”-COVID 19 out-patient otorhinolaryngologic practice was obtained from peer-reviewed articles, guidelines, recommendations, and statements that were identified through a structured search of the data sources for relevant literature utilizing MEDLINE (through PubMed and PubMed Central PMC), Google (and Google Scholar), HERDIN Plus, the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Library, and grey literature including social media (blogs, Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook). In-patient management (including ORL surgical procedures such as tracheostomy) were excluded. Retrieved material was critically appraised and organized according to five discussion themes: physical office set-up, patient processing, personal protection, procedures, and prevention and health-promotion.@*Conclusion@#These recommendations are consistent with the best available evidence to date, and are globally acceptable while being locally applicable. They address the concerns of otorhinolaryngologists and related specialists about resuming office practice during the “post”-COVID-19 period when strict quarantines are gradually lifted and a transition to the “new” normal is made despite the unavailability of a specific vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. While they target practice settings in the Philippines, they should be useful to ENT (ear, nose & throat) surgeons in other countries in ensuring a balance between service and safety as we continue to serve our patients during these challenging times.

Usuários poliqueixosos: representações sociais construídas por médicos da Atenção Primária à Saúde / Multiple complaints user: social representations built by the primary health care doctors / Usuarios polisintomáticos: representaciones sociales construidas por médicos de atención primaria a la salud

O fenômeno dos sintomas vagos e difusos (SVD) diz respeito a dores inespecíficas que não encontram associação direta com causa orgânica. Destaca-se a relevância da consideração desses sintomas para o contexto da atenção primária à saúde (APS), uma vez que as queixas com tais características aparecem em grande número como demanda de usuários ao chegarem para o atendimento nesse contexto, em muitos países. A pesquisa desenvolvida teve o objetivo de compreender representações sociais construídas por médicos da APS sobre o fenômeno dos sintomas vagos e difusos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com uma vinheta, das quais participaram os cinco médicos atuantes na unidade de saúde da família pesquisada. Os dados obtidos foram tratados a partir de análise de conteúdo temática. As entrevistas revelaram aspectos do campo representacional relacionado aos usuários SVD, que incluíram ideias e imagens associadas a outros objetos de comunicação na USF: usuário chato, pessoa doente e população de classe social menos abastada. Destacaram-se como elementos de objetivação figuras construídas sobre usuários SVD relativas à ideia de que esses usuários frequentavam o serviço como poliqueixosos, sem precisarem dele. Destacou-se a hegemonia da clínica tradicional calcada em relações mais médico-centradas do que usuário-centradas. Sugere-se a revisão de relações normativas entre trabalhadores de saúde e usuários SVD e de abertura para a cogestão destes na decisão sobre a condução de seu tratamento.

The phenomenon of the vague and diffuse symptoms (VDS) relates to nonspecific pain without clear organic cause. It is important to take into account these symptoms for the context of the Primary Health Care (PHC), once they are very prevalent in PHC users in many countries. The research reported here aimed at understanding the social representations constructed by the PHC doctors about the vague and diffuse symptoms. We conducted semi structured interviews including a vignette case with five doctors of the Family Health Center (FHC). We analyzed the data through the thematic content analysis. The interviews revealed aspects of the representational field related to the VDS users that included ideas and images associated with other communication objects at the FHC: the boring patient, the sick person and the lower social class population. The doctors mentioned the idea and the image of a multi problematic patient who attended to the FHC without real need, as objectification elements. The analysis highlighted the hegemony of the traditional clinical practice, based on centered-doctors rather than in centered-patient interactions. It is suggested the revision of normative relations between health workers and the VDS users which must be transformed including the later as active managers of their treatment.

El fenómeno de los síntomas vagos y difusos (SVD) está relacionado a los dolores inespecíficos que no tienen ninguna asociación directa con causa orgánica. Se destaca la importancia en considerar estos síntomas en el contexto de la Atención Primaria a la Salud (APS), una vez que las quejas con tales características surgen, en muchos países, en gran número como demanda de usuarios al llegar para la atención en este contexto. La encuesta desarrollada tuvo el objetivo de comprender las representaciones sociales construidas por médicos de APS sobre el fenómeno de los síntomas vagos y difusos. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con una viñeta, de las que participaron los cinco médicos que actúan en la Unidad de Salud de la Familia (USF) investigada. Los datos obtenidos fueron tratados a partir del análisis de contenido temático. Las entrevistas revelaron aspectos en el campo de la representación relacionada a los usuarios SVD que incluyó ideas e imágenes asociadas a otros objetos de comunicación en la USF: usuario aburrido, persona enferma y población de clase social más baja. Se destacaron como elementos de objetivación figuras construidas sobre usuarios SVD relacionadas con la idea de que esos usuarios frecuentaban el servicio como polisintomáticos sin tener necesidad del mismo. Se destacó la hegemonía de la clínica tradicional enfocada más en las relaciones médico-centradas que en usuario-centradas. Se sugiere la revisión de las relaciones normativas entre trabajadores de la salud y usuarios SVD y abrir la posibilidad de una gestión compartida entre ellos en la decisión sobre la conducción de su tratamiento.

Teaching mode exploration for eight-year program interns in the out-patient department of general internal / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Clinical practice teaching in out-patient department is an important part of general internal clinical teaching for medical students. From 2010, eight-year program medical students in Huazhong University of Science and Technology began their clinical rotation practice in the out-patient department of general internal medicine. The one-on-one tutoring style was used in clinical teaching. We combined teacher demonstration teaching method with teacher supervision teaching method in clinical practice, and carried out periodical case discussion. At the end of each rotation stage, regular teaching evaluation and examination was taken. It has been proved that our teaching mode can not only help the students improve their professional and practical levels of clinical skills, and also help them gain the clinical working abilities and the professional spirits, which is worthy of further promotion.

Teaching for Students of Rehabilitation Medicine in Neurological Rehabilitation Practice / 中国康复理论与实践

Neurological rehabilitation involves the most functional impairments. The students of rehabilitation medicine are required to master diagnosis and treatments of diseases, and assessments and rehabilitation of disabilities in neurological field during practice. This arti-cle introduced the experience of teaching for the students practised neurological rehabilitation.

Investigation on the levels and demands of the occupational risk awareness of higher vocational nursing students before and after the clinic practice / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the occupational risk awareness levels of higher vocational nursing students before and after the clinic practice.Methods Five-year higher vocational nursing students were investigated by filling out questionnaires before and after the clinic practice.Results Nursing students' occupational risk awareness improved after the clinic practice.They hoped to acquire knowledge about occupational risk and thought that the school was supposed to offer professional ethics courses and strengthen the occupational risk education.Conclusions The majority of nursing students knew the protective measures of occupational exposure in nursing.But there were also someone who did not know these.Relevant knowledge was in high demand.Therefore,schools and internship units should provide a variety of ways to reduce the risks during the internship of nursing students.

Teaching for Students of Rehabilitation Medicine in Neurological Rehabilitation Practice / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Neurological rehabilitation involves the most functional impairments. The students of rehabilitation medicine are required to master diagnosis and treatments of diseases, and assessments and rehabilitation of disabilities in neurological field during practice. This article introduced the experience of teaching for the students practised neurological rehabilitation.

Structure and level of the stress of nursing students in clinic practice / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To describe the structure and the level of the stress of nursing students in clinic practice,and supply reference for reform of clinical teaching method.Methods Totally 100 undergraduate nursing students in clinic practice,who would graduate from nursing school and begin to work in 2013,were interviewed and investigated.Results The main stress sources were divided into five aspects:recognition,clinical nursing ability,career development,field response and exhaustion of body and mind.Conclusions The structure and level of the stress of nursing students changed a lot.Some new appropriate reform should be introduced into clinic education,in order to help nursing students to complete psychological change and role adaptation.

Problems and corresponding solutions in clinic practice of medical imageology in pediatric resident training / 中华医学教育探索杂志

According to the characteristics of pediatric resident training, the situation in clinic practice of medical imageology are analyzed and the major problems are pointed out.This article empha sizes significance of standardized resident training of medical imageology, presents detailed requirement which the residents must meet and aims to improve the training effect by the solutions summarized after years of experience.

Application of the rapid prototyping technology in clinical orthopedics / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]We have made the entity model of human being injured irregular bone model by using rapid prototyping technogy,and discussed the value and prospect of rapid prototyping technology in clinical orthopedics.[Method]This group included 23 cases:15 cases of calcaneus fracture,4 cases of fracture of tibial plateau,2 cases of fracture of first lumbar vertebral body,1 case of scapula fracture,1 case of dysplasia and aseptic necrosis of femoral head.According to the data gotten from CT tomographic scan of 23 cases which had fracture of irregular bone,we made the entity model of bone injury using professional software and equipment,and put it into clinic practice to study the state of illness and tried to assist the operative treatment.[Result]Application of rapid prototyping technology helped to study the state of illness and assisted the operative treatment,and brang on a new mechanism of the trauma and operative methods.By using it we also shortened the operative time and reduced the hemorrhage in the operation,and improved the rate of success in the first operation in order to avoid the second operation.All these cases have received good treatment effects.[Conclusion]The rapid prototyping technology has broad prospect in clinical orthopedics.

The Value of Clinic Practice in Teaching Imageology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Aim:to study the value of clinic practice in the teaching of imageology.Methods:100 students were divided into practical group and control group.The students of practical group were divided into 5 groups to joined clinic practice of imageology.All students were examined of theory and experiment.Result:All students of practical group passed the examinations,and 80% students of control group passed the examinations.The grades of practical group excelled control group's(P

Experiences in Guiding Clinic Practice of Neurosurgery / 中华医学教育探索杂志

On the basis of experiences in guiding five-year system undergraduates in their clinic practice,we realized that it was important to accomplish the following tasks:both teachers and students should have good preparation for it;teachers should instruct students in interrogation and physical examination;teachers should cultivate students' clinic thoughts;teachers should help students to summarize their practice.

Medical ethics education in clinic practice:Training medicos to envisage the effects of high-tech instruments in diagnoses of diseases / 中国医学伦理学

It belongs to the ethics that depending to much on high-tech instruments in diagnoses of diseases and overlooking medical examination and clinical history. In clinic educations, we should train medicos to envisage the effects of high-tech instruments in diagnoses of diseases, and strengthen their feeling of responsibility and training of clinic basic shills.