Clinical distribution and antimicrobial resistance of 98 Burkholderia cepacia strains / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To analyze antimicrobial resistance of clinically isolated Burkholderia cepacia (B.cepacia),and provide evidence for clinical rational antimicrobial use.Methods B.cepacia isolated from clinical specimens between January 2013 and December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,antimicrobial susceptibility results were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 98 isolates of B.cepacia between January 2013 and December 2014 were isolated,the main specimen was sputum(n =86,87.76 ％),the main department distribution was intensive care unit(n =46,46.94％),resistance rate of B.cepacia to ticarcillin / clavulanic acid was highest(73.47％),resistance rates to piperacillin / tazobactam and cefoperazone / sulbactam were both 16.33％,resistance rate to minocycline was the lowest(5.10％).Conclusion Infection caused by B.cepacia is high,prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection should be strengthened,early etiological examination should be performed,antimicrobial treatment should be combined with antimicrobial susceptibility results.

Ergotismo Asociado a Inhibidor de Proteasas en Paciente con inmunodepresión por VIH

Introducción: El Ergotismo es una complicación de la ingesta aguda o crónica de derivados ergotamínicos. Son metabolizados a nivel hepático por CYP3A4, así como inhibidores de la Proteasa (IP) (como Ritonavir) y muchos otros fármacos. Los IP actúan como inhibidores competitivos de la CYP3A4 y elevan las concentraciones de ergotamínicos, a niveles tóxicos, aún ante bajas dosis de los mismos. El presente caso refleja claramente los efectos producidos por la interacción medicamentosa entre la Ergotamina y los Inhibidores de las Proteasas en paciente con SIDA. Objetivo: Demostrar la importancia de las interacciones medicamentosas de los fármacos antirretrovirales.

Abstract Introduction: Ergotism is a complication of chronic intake or acute ergot derivatives. They are metabolized in the liver CYP3A4 and lnhibidores Protease (IP) (as Ritonavir) and many other drugs. The IP act as competitive inhibitors of CYP3A4 and ergot concentrations rise to toxic levels, even at low doses thereof. This case clearly shows the effects of drug interaction between Ergotamine and protease inhibitors in patients with AIDS. Objective: To demonstrate the importance of drug interactions with antiretroviral drugs.

Non-invasive prediction of clinical infection in women with preterm labor / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To develop a model based on non-invasive variables to predict the probability of subsequent maternal and/or neonatal clinical infection in women admitted to hospital for preterm labor with intact membranes. METHODS: Transvaginal ultrasound for measurement of cervical length was performed and maternal blood was collected for the determination of white blood cell (WBC) count at admission in 165 consecutive women with preterm labor (between 20.0 and 35.0 weeks). Clinical infection was defined as the presence of clinical chorioamnionitis at delivery or early onset neonatal sepsis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of clinical infection was 5% (8/165). Women who developed clinical infection had a significantly lower median gestational age at admission, a lower shorter median cervical length, and a higher median WBC count as compared to those who did not develop clinical infection. Logistic regression analysis was performed and a final model was chosen, which included maternal blood WBC, cervical length, and gestational age as the best predictors of clinical infection. A risk score was calculated containing these 3 variables for each patient. The model was shown to have an adequate goodness of fit (P=0.202), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.822, indicating reasonably good discrimination. CONCLUSION: In women admitted to hospital for preterm labor with intact membranes, the risk for the subsequent maternal and/or neonatal clinical infection can be predicted non-invasively with a risk score based on cervical length at admission, maternal blood WBC, and gestational age.

ASSESSMENT OF REDUCING SUB-CLINICAL INFECTIONS OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN NEWBORN BABIES WITH PREVENTIVE TREATMENT / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To explore the effect of reducing sub-clinical infections of Toxoplasma gondii in newborn babies with preventive treatment. Methods Forty-four infected pregnant women were treated in different period and their umbilical blood and/or placenta of their newborn babies were tested for IgG, IgM, cAg and DNA of Toxoplasma gondii. Results The positive rate of Toxoplasma DNA in umbilical blood was 37.8%(14/37). The lowest rate was found in the preventive treatment group with a significant difference compared with the group of general treatment. Conclusion Preventive treatment can reduce sub-clinical infection rate of newborn babies effectively.

Epidemilogical Study of Nares and Umbilicus of Normal Fullterm Newborns in the Nursery and Clinical Follow Up at 4 Weeks of Age

This study was undertaken to find out the bacteriological colonization of nares and umbilicus of 166 normal fullterm newborns in the nursery of Ewha Womans University Hospital during the period from July 1 to Aug 31. 1980 and its relation with follow up study at the age of 4 weeks. The results are as following: 1) The cultures of nares and umbilicus of 91 newborns, while only soap was used(Group 1), were compared with those during the period when Betadine was added as a washing agent(75 newborns, Group 2). 2) The incidence of colonization with coagulase (+) staphylococci was 28.6% in nares, and 29.7% in umbilicus(average 29.1%) in Group 1, and 20.0%, 13.3% respectively(average 16.0%) in Group 2. 3) In follow up, 33.3% of Group 1 and 42.7% of Group 2 were seen at 4 weeks of age. Among them, the incidence of pyoderma was 3.3% in (Group 1) and 6.1% in Group 2, and that of omphalitis was 3.3% and 6.1% in each Group respectively. 4) The incidence of clinical infection at 4 weeks of age was 1.5% in culture-negative 117 cases in Group 1, and 2.2% in culture-positive 45 cases, 2.9% in culture-negative 105 cases in Group 2. 5) Gram-Negative bacilli was cultured in 7.1% of Group 1 and 14.7% of Group 2. Lactose-fermenter, e.g. E. coli, comprised 61.5% in Group 1 and 50.0% in Group 2, and non-lactose fermenter, e.g. Pseudomonas, comprised the rest. 6) Gram negative bacilli was recovered in 1.9% of Staphylococci-positive population and 8.5% of Staphylococci-negative population in Group 1. In Group 2, the incidence of gram-negative bacilli culture was 15.4% in Staphylococci-positive and 14.5% in Staphylococci negative population respectively.