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BACKGROUND:Owing to excellent angiogenesis activity and their participation in the physiological processes such as angiogenesis in osteogenesis,the researches and applications of a variety of metal ions are getting deeper in the field of bone tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To systematically explain the mechanism of angiogenesis of different metal ions such as copper ion(Cu2+),magnesium ion(Mg2+),strontium ion(Sr2+),zinc ion(Zn2+),cobalt ion(Co2+)and their current research situation as well as application in the treatment of diseases in the field of bone tissue engineering. METHODS:The two authors used PubMed and CNKI to search the literature published between 2017 and 2022 with the search terms"copper ion,magnesium ion,strontium ion,zinc ion,cobalt ion,bone,angiogenesis"in Chinese and"copper,cuprum,Cu,magnesium,Mg,strontium,Sr,zinc,Zn,cobalt,Co,metal ion,angiogenesis,bone"in English.After reading titles and abstracts,the articles were initially screened,and irrelevant articles were excluded.Finally,114 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Metal ions can regulate angiogenesis by acting on vascular endothelial growth factors,hypoxia-inducible factors,angiogenesis-related genes,endothelial cells and conducting immune regulation of macrophages.(2)Metal ions such as copper,magnesium,strontium,zinc and cobalt are often used to improve the performance of tissue engineering scaffolds due to their significant angiogenic effect.Among them,hydrogels,bioceramics and synthetic polymer materials are widely used at present,and magnesium and its alloys also have advantages due to their excellent bearing capacity.However,these materials all have some defects.Currently,there is no ideal bone replacement material.(3)Various metal ions show different application potentials in bone replacement materials:Copper has antibacterial,angiogenic and osteogenic properties,and is mainly used for bone defects caused by infection and tumors.Magnesium and zinc have strong biodegradability,so the degradation rate should be controlled.Magnesium is corrosive and is mainly used as an alloy.The angiogenesis mechanism of zinc is less involved.Magnesium and strontium are effective in treating osteoporotic bone defects.(4)The above five metal ions(copper,magnesium,strontium,zinc and cobalt)have a significant role in promoting angiogenesis and then promote osteogenesis through angiogenesis.Some ions,such as copper ions,have a bactericidal effect.These ions can be used as a new strategy for the treatment of bone defects caused by tumors,osteoporosis,infection and trauma,but the current clinical trials and application studies of products are relatively insufficient.
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BACKGROUND:The combination of machine learning and medical metal materials can make up for the inefficiency and high cost of traditional experiments and computational simulations,and quickly and accurately predict the characteristics of metal materials by analyzing large amounts of data,optimize material design and performance,and improve the safety and efficiency of medical applications. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress and shortcomings of machine learning in the characteristics of medical materials. METHODS:The first author searched CNKI,PubMed,X-MOL,and Web of Science databases by computer to search all relevant articles from January 2013 to April 2023.The Chinese search terms were"machine learning of medical metal materials,medical titanium alloy,medical magnesium alloy,medical metal material properties".The English search terms were"machine learning medical metal materials,medical stainless steel alloy,medical cobalt-chromium alloy,medical titanium alloy,medical magnesium alloy".Finally,70 relevant articles were included for a summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The introduction of machine learning as a material design methodology has opened up new paradigms for material science research as the accessibility of large amounts of data generated by traditional experimental and computational simulation methods increases.(2)The machine learning workflow is divided into four main parts:data collection and preprocessing,feature engineering,model selection and training,and model evaluation,each of which is indispensable.(3)Medical metal materials are categorized into:stainless steel co-base alloys,cobalt-chromium alloys,titanium alloys,and magnesium alloys.For stainless steel co-base alloy,machine learning predicts its mechanical properties,to improve the generalization ability of machine learning.For cobalt-chromium alloy,machine learning predicts its mechanical properties,and it can conclude that cobalt-chromium alloy is the optimal material for hip implants.For titanium alloy,machine learning predicts its mechanical properties,and it can select the implant with the best mechanical properties.For magnesium alloy,machine learning predicts its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties;the ensemble model can accurately predict the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys,and the random forest model can predict the optimal elemental contents of magnesium alloys as vascular stents.(4)Machine learning has deficiencies in the field of medical materials.For example,the model is relatively lagging;the data failed to be standardized,and the generalization is low.To solve such problems,we should make full use of deep learning and segmentation algorithm technology,use unified standard data,and improve the model to increase the generalization ability.
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AIM: To investigate the relationship between vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) injury, organelle stress response and autophagic cell death (autophagy) and ferroptosis induced by the chemical hypoxia inducer cobalt chloride (CoCl2) through the bioinformatics analysis and in vitro cell experimentation. METHODS: The dataset GSE119226 of VSMC treated with cobalt chloride was acquired from the gene expression database (GEO). The R language was used to investigate the relationship between CoCl2 treatment and organelle stress response (Golgi stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress) and two forms of cell death (ferroptosis and autophagic cell death). With primary cultured rat VSMC (rVSMC) and CoCl2-induced anoxia model, the changes in cell viability were detected by CCK-8 method, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using DCFH-DA method. The expression levels of HIF-1α (a key molecule in hypoxia), Golgi stress markers GM130 and p115, endoplasmic reticulum stress markers GRP78 and CHOP, autophagy markers LC3-II / LC3-I and Beclin1, and ferroptosis markers GPx4 and xCT were detected by Western blot. The effect of inducing or inhibiting organelle stress and cell death on the CoCl2-induced cell damage was also observed. RESULTS: Differentially expressed genes analysis of GSE119226 dataset showed that CoCl2 treatment of VSMCs had significant effects on organelle function and stress response, autophagy and ferroptosis-related genes, in which endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, regulation of Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport, autophagy / autophagic cell death, and ferroptosis pathways were remarkably enriched. The results of in vitro experiment showed that compared with normal rVSMC, cell viability was significantly decreased after CoCl2 treatment, as well as HIF-1α protein expression and ROS levels in rVSMCs were increased. In rVSMC treated with Co-Cl2, the expression levels of Golgi structural proteins GM130 and p115 (reflecting the occurrence of Golgi stress) were decreased, while the markers GRP78 and CHOP (reflecting the occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum stress) were increased. At the same time, CoCl2 treatment also reduced the expression of autophagy markers LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin1 (indicating the decrease levels of autophagy), while the expression of ferroptosis markers GPx4 and xCT were decreased (indicating the occurrence of ferroptosis). Compared with CoCl2 treatment group, induced Golgi stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or ferroptosis could further reduce cell viability, while inhibition of these processes could improve cell viability. On the other hand, increasing the level of autophagy can improve the cell viability. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia induced by cobalt chloride can lead to VSMC injury. Golgi stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ferroptosis, and the reduction of autophagy level play an important role in it. Inhibition of organelle stress response and ferroptosis, or increase of autophagy level can improve VSMC injury caused by cobalt chloride.
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Introducción: la adaptación marginal e interna de nuestras restauraciones fabricadas por fundición sistemas de fresado y sinterización láser es uno de los factores clínicos más importantes para el éxito de las prótesis fijas, previniendo el riesgo de microfiltración y enfermedad periodontal. Objetivo: evaluar la adaptación marginal e interna de cofias metálicas en aleación Cr-Co confeccionadas por técnicas convencionales, CAD/ CAM de fresado y sinterizado por láser. Material y métodos: estudio de tipo experimental, comparativo e in vitro. Se imprimió un modelo maestro en Cr-Co, proveniente del escaneo de un premolar preparado para corona completa, sobre el cual se diseñaron 30 cofias divididas en tres grupos: el primero que corresponde al grupo cofias fundidas fresadas en disco de cera A (A = 10), el segundo grupo cofias fresadas en disco de metal presinterizado B (B = 10) y el tercer grupo cofias impresas por sinterización láser C (C = 10). Se empleó la réplica de silicona, colocando silicona al interior de cada cofia, sobre el modelo maestro, simulando al cemento, mediante una máquina de ensayo universal se realizó una compresión de 50 N. Luego de retirar cada cofia se rellenaron con silicona pesada de adición, obteniendo una réplica de silicona. Se efectuaron dos cortes transversales en sentido vestíbulolingual y mesiodistal. Se observó el espesor de silicona VPS (vinil poliéter silicona) mediante un estereomicroscopio (Nikon SMZ745T), obteniendo valores en micrómetros. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software SPSS 25 con el fin de realizar la prueba de normalidad y ANOVA de dos vías bajo un nivel de confianza del 95%. Resultados: el menor gap lo obtuvo el grupo de fresadas, seguido de las impresas y por último las fundidas por métodos convencionales. ANOVA de dos vías reveló diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tres grupos (p < 0.0001). Conclusiones: se encontró que el gap varía con cada método de fabricación, la técnica convencional de fundido mostró un mayor gap, ninguna excediendo el rango clínicamente aceptable (AU)
Introduction: the marginal and internal adaptation of our restorations manufactured by casting, milling systems and laser sintering is one of the most important clinical factors for the success of fixed prostheses, preventing the risk of microleakage and periodontal disease. Objective: evaluate the marginal and internal adaptation of metal copings in Cr-Co alloy made by conventional techniques, CAD/CAM milling and laser sintering. Material and methods: an experimental, comparative and in vitro study, a Cr-Co master model was printed from the scan of a premolar prepared for a full crown. An experimental, comparative and in vitro study, a Cr-Co master model was printed from the scan of a premolar prepared for a full crown, on which 30 caps divided into three groups were designed; the first group corresponds to the cast copings milled on a wax disc A (A = 10), the second group milled copings on a presintered metal disc B (B = 10) and the third group printed by laser sintering copings C (C = 10). The silicone replica was used, placing silicone inside each coping, on the master model, simulating cement, using a universal testing machine, a 50 N compression was performed. After removing each coping, they were filled with heavy addition silicone, obtaining a silicone replica. Two cross-sections were made in the buccolingual and mesiodistal direction., observing the thickness of the VPS (vinyl polyeter silicone) silicone using a stereomicroscope (Nikon SMZ745T), obtaining values in micrometers. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS 25 software was used in order to perform the normality and two-way ANOVA tests under a 95% confidence level. Results: the smallest gap was obtained by the milled group, followed by the printed ones and finally those cast by conventional methods. Two-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences between the three groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: the gap was found to vary with each fabrication method, the conventional casting technique showed a larger gap, none exceeding the clinically acceptable range (AU)
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Ligas de Cromo , Desenho Assistido por Computador , Adaptação Marginal Dentária , Coroas , Lasers , Técnicas In Vitro , Análise de VariânciaRESUMO
The objective was to evaluate plant growth regulators and ethylene inhibitors on the development and leaf abscission of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. Zeatin (ZEA) was evaluated in concentrations combined with concentrations of indolacetic acid (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indolbutyric acid (IBA). ZEA and 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) were evaluated in concentrations plus a control. Ethylene inhibitors, silver nitrate and cobalt chloride were evaluated in four concentrations. The addition of 0.2 µL-1 of NAA to 0.4 µL-1 of ZEA promotes a greater number of baraúna sprouts. At concentrations of 5 and 10 µM, cobalt chloride is more efficient than silver nitrate for reducing leaf abscission in baraúna. IAA is the most suitable auxin to be associated with ZEA for higher shoot length and number of buds. Silver nitrate from a concentration of 20 µM completely avoids leaf abscission whilecobalt chloride has a maximum reduction in abscission at a concentration of 40 µM.
El objetivo fue evaluar reguladores de crecimiento e inhibidores de etileno sobre el desarrollo y abscisión foliar en Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. La zeatina (ZEA) se evaluó en concentraciones combinadas con concentraciones de ácido indolacético (IAA), ácido naftaleno acético (NAA) y ácido indolbutírico (IBA). Se evaluaron ZEA y 6-bencilamino purina (BAP) en concentraciones más un control. Se evaluaron inhibidores de etileno, nitrato de plata y cloruro de cobalto, en cuatro concentraciones. La adición de 0.2 µL-1 de NAA a 0.4 µL-1 de ZEA promueve un mayor número de brotes de baraúna. A concentraciones de 5 y 10 µM, el cloruro de cobalto es más eficaz que el nitrato de plata para reducir la abscisión de las hojas en baraúna. IAA es la auxina más adecuada para asociar con ZEA para una mayor longitud de brotes y número de brotes. El nitrato de plata a partir de una concentración de 20 µM evita completamente la abscisión de las hojas, mientras que el cloruro de cobalto tiene una reducción máxima en la abscisión a una concentración de 40 µM.
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Folhas de Planta/química , Anacardiaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Zeatina/química , Técnicas In Vitro/métodos , Etilenos/químicaRESUMO
In this report, we have utilized a smartphone-based innovative tool named anterior segment photography with an intraocular lens (ASPI) with a cobalt blue filter on the smartphone flash for photographing fluorescein-stained corneas. An intraocular lens along with a cobalt blue filter was attached to the smartphone camera to achieve this purpose. The filter could block out all wavelengths of light except the blue wavelength (450–490 nm) emerging from the smartphone camera. A pilot study was conducted on 27 eyes of 25 patients where images of various corneal pathologies were obtained using ASPI blue light imaging. The images were clear and highly magnified and could be used for documentation, teleconsultation for expert opinion, education, and monitoring of disease progression. ASPI-aided blue light imaging could be easily fabricated and is a frugal inexpensive device, which is used by different ophthalmic personnel to obtain fluorescein-stained corneal images.
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Objective@# To investigate the effect of cobalt (Co) and calcium-phosphate (Ca/P) doped coating on titanium surfaces and their angiogenic effect.@*Methods @# Microarc oxidation (MAO) was used to prepare Co-Ca/P-doped and Co-doped coatings. Titanium (Ti) sheet without MAO treatment was used as control. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the surface micromorphology of the coatings. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) was also applied to detect the doped chemicals and their contents. Standard soaking solutions of these coatings were prepared using an endothelial cell medium (ECM) solution for subsequent angiogenesis experiments. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured on Matrigel with ECM soaking solutions for 4 h and 8 h. The microvessels were observed under a microscope, and the number of microtubules and their interconnecting nodes were analyzed with Image J software. @*Results@# Co doped and Co-Ca/P-doped coatings were successfully prepared by MAO, which was demonstrated by both SEM observation and EDS analysis. SEM observation showed that irregular crystals of the above chemicals were present on both Co and Co-Ca/P-doped coatings, commonly with a diameter <2 μm. However, more crystals were observed on the Co-Ca/P coatings than on the Co coating, and the distribution of the crystals was more homogenous on the Co-Ca/P coatings. However, only polishing scratches were observed on the Ti sample surface. EDS analysis indicated that in contrast to only Co in the Co coating, Co, Ca and P were doped within the Co-Ca/P coating, and none of the three elements were observed on the Ti plate surface. The number of vascular rings and nodes formed by HUVECs in the extract of the Co-Ca/P group was significantly higher than that of the Co group (P<0.05), and the angiogenic effect of these two components was significantly better than that of the Ti group (P<0.05). @*Conclusion@#The Co-Ca/P coating exhibits good angiogenic properties in vitro and is valuable for the development of new titanium implants with high surface bioactivity.
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Objective: To establish a inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for the determination of trace cobalt and tungsten in human urine. Methods: The authors used 1% nitric acid solution as diluent in October-December 2021, the sample dilution factor and internal standard element were optimized by single factor rotation experiment, and the difference between the working curve and the standard curve was compared. Results: The method uses working curve to determine cobalt and tungsten in urine, the linear range of this method was 0.0~10.0 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was 0.999 9, the detection limits respectively were 0.005 μg/L (cobalt) and 0.09 μg/L (tungsten), the recoveries of samples respectively were 87.0%~100.2% (cobalt) and 89.4%~104.8% (tungsten), the relative standard deviations respectively were 0.4%~4.4% (cobalt) and 0.6%~3.8% (tungsten) . Conclusion: A simple and rapid method for determination of cobalt and tungsten in urine has been established. This method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, low detection limit and good stability. It is suitable for determination of cobalt and tungsten in urine of all kinds of people.
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Humanos , Cobalto/análise , Tungstênio/análise , Análise Espectral , Ácido Nítrico , Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
Aims@#The aim of this study was to conduct antimicrobial analysis on novel Schiff base-derived cobalt(II) complexes (Co(L1)2 and Co(L2)2).@*Methodology and results @#Synthesis of Co(II) Schiff base complexes was carried out by reacting Schiff bases with cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate and spectroscopic analyses were used for characterization. Microbiological assays comprised the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of tested substances and the evaluation of their antibiofilm activity. A total of 11 bacteria were tested, including multidrug-resistant strains. Investigated compounds performed inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria, with the MIC value of 250 µg/mL and 125 µg/mL just for Escherichia coli ATCC 14169. Results regarding the antibiofilm properties suggest that investigated Schiff’s base complexes have antibiofilm activity in a strain-specific and concentrationdependant manner. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study: @#The current study showed that the novel complex compounds possess antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Since bacterial resistance to currently available antibiotics is rapidly increasing, further studies may provide information about using novel complexes as potential antimicrobial agents.
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Objective: The selective laser melting (SLM) technique used in manufacturing results in a rougher surface that requires more satisfying processing than conventional hand-finishing operations. The electro discharge machine (EDM) has various possibilities in the adjustment of surfaces. The present study assesses whether the participation of the EDM technique with the conventional finishing and polishing methods enables surface improvement for the Cobalt-Chromium alloy fabricated by SLM. Material and Methods: Twenty discs of cobalt chromium alloy were fabricated by SLM, divided equally into two groups: (TF) control group for finishing and polishing in the conventional method in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations; and (EF) group for conducting polishing incorporating the EDM method. Results: The EF group recorded the lowest mean value of surface roughness and the highest mean value of micro hardness compared to the TF group. Furthermore, statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for surface roughness as well as micro hardness. Conclusion: Reliance of the electric discharge machine proactively within finishing and polishing procedures promotes competence in the conventional polishing method and improves the surface properties of cobalt chromium alloy printed by SLM technology (AU)
Objetivo: A técnica de fusão a laser seletiva (SLM) usada na fabricação resulta em uma superfície mais rugosa a qual requer um processamento mais satisfatório do que o acabamento manual. A máquina de eletro descarga (EDM) possui várias possibilidades no ajuste de superfícies. O presente estudo avalia se a participação da técnica EDM associada aos métodos convencionais de acabamento e polimento possibilita a melhora da superfície da liga Cobalto-Cromo fabricada através da SLM. Material e Métodos: Vinte discos de liga de cromo-cobalto foram confeccionados por SLM, e divididos igualmente em dois grupos: (TF) grupo controle, realizado acabamento e polimento pelo método convencional de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante; e (EF) grupo do polimento associado ao método EDM. Resultados: O grupo EF registrou o menor valor médio de rugosidade superficial e o maior valor médio de microdureza em relação ao grupo TF. Além disso, diferenças estatisticamente significativas (P < 0,05) foram encontradas para rugosidade superficial, assim como para a microdureza. Conclusão: A confiança na máquina de descarga elétrica proativamente nos procedimentos de acabamento e polimento promove a competência no método de polimento convencional e melhora as propriedades de superfície da liga de cromo-cobalto impressa pela tecnologia SLM(AU)
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Ligas de Cromo , Polimento DentárioRESUMO
La identificación humana genera continuos desafíos técnicos y científicos para los equipos de expertos forenses en sus múltiples contextos de intervención. Uno de los más complejos, está representado por el hallazgo de cadáveres quemados o carbonizados, donde las huellas dactilares resultan inviables. En tales situaciones, los tejidos de la cavidad oral han demostrado elevada tolerancia a la injuria térmica, aportando información decisiva, muchas veces com-plementada por estructuras protésicas recupera-das del occiso. El presente artículo reporta dos ca-sos donde las prótesis dentales acrílicas y de cromo cobalto exhibieron notable indemnidad pese a la gran pérdida orgánica sufrida por los cuerpos de las víc-timas ante la acción vulnerante del fuego, otorgando valor probatorio para contribuir en el establecimien-to de su identidad (AU)
Human identification generates continuous technical and scientific challenges for teams of forensic experts in their multiple contexts of intervention. One of the most complex is represented by the discovery of burned or charred corpses, where fingerprints are unviable. In such situations, the tissues of the oral cavity have shown high tolerance to thermal injury, providing decisive information, often complemented by prosthetic structures recovered from the deceased. This article reports two cases where the acrylic and cobalt chrome dental prostheses presented notable indemnity despite the great organic loss suffered by the bodies of the victims before the damaging action of fire, granting probative value to contribute to the establishment of their identity (AU)
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Humanos , Resinas Acrílicas , Queimaduras/complicações , Ligas de Cromo/química , Prótese Dentária/instrumentação , Mudanças Depois da Morte , Identificação da Prótese Dentária/métodos , Fenômenos QuímicosRESUMO
Introdução: perilartina é um adoçante natural potente, considerado 2000 vezes mais doce que o açúcar comum. Ela pode ser alérgica para algumas pessoas. Além disso, ela se usa apenas no Japão, o que pressupõe a possibilidade de adulterar produtos japoneses sem o seu uso. Assim, o desenvolvimento de um método eficiente da sua determinação qualificativa e quantificação é realmente atual. Metodologia: um modelo matemático de um processo anódico foi desenvolvido e analisado mediante a teoria de estabilidade linear e análise de bifurcações. O modelo inclui os cenários mais prováveis do andamento do processo eletroanalítico. Resultados: a perilartina é oxidada no meio básico, formando o poliol e o sal do "pseudoácido" correspondente, o que contribui fortemente para a força iônica da dupla camada elétrica. Isto pode ser responsável pela aparição das instabilidades oscilatória e monotônica no processo eletroanalítico. Conclusão: malgrado o supracitado, o compósito é um modificador eficiente para a determinação eletroquímica da perilartina no meio básico.
Introducción: perilartina es un edulcorante natural potente, considerado 2000 veces más dulce que el azúcar común. Esta puede causar alergia a algunas personas. Además, ella solo se usa en Japón, lo que presupone la posibilidad de falsificar productos japoneses sin su uso. Así, el desarrollo de un método eficiente de su determinación cuantitativa y cualitativa es realmente actual. Metodología: un modelo matemático de un proceso anódico fue desarrollado y analizado mediante la teoría de estabilidad lineal e análisis de bifurcaciones. El modelo incluye los escenarios más probables del curso del proceso electroanalítico. Resultados: la perilartinase oxida en el medio básico, formando el poliol y la sal del "pseudoácido" correspondiente, lo que contribuye fuertemente para la fuerza iónica de la doble capa eléctrica. Esto puede ser responsable por la aparición de las inestabilidades oscilatoria y monotónica en el proceso electroanalítico. Conclusión: a pesar de lo mencionado, el compuesto es un modificador eficaz para la determinación electroquímica de la perilartina en el medio básico.
SUMMARY Introduction: Perillartine is a strong natural sweetener, considered 2000 as sweet as a common sugar. It may be allergic to some people. Also, it is used only in Japan, which may presuppose the possibility of falsify Japanese products without its use. Thus the development of an eficiente method of its quantitative and qualitative determination is really actual. Methodology: A mathematical model of an anodic process has been developed and analyzed by means of linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. The model includes the most probable scenarios of the course of the electroanalytical process. Results: Perillartine is oxidized in basic media, yielding the polyol and the correspondent pseudoacid salt, which strongly contributes to the double electric layer ionic force. This may be responsible for the oscillatory and monotonic instabilities appearance in the electroanalytical process. Conclusion: Despite of the above mentioned statements, the composite is na efficient modifier for the electrochemical determination of perillartine in basic media.
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The Schiff base ligands in their deprotonated forms have been utilized to synthesize thermodynamically and kinetically stabilized Cobalt(II) complexes. In the complexes, cobalt ion present is in distorted octahedral arrangement and is coordinated by four tridentate ligands in complexes. The synthesized Schiff base ligands coordinate with Cobalt (II) ion through four azomethine nitrogen atoms and two sulfur atoms developing a 6- membered chelate ring. Synthesized Cobalt(II) complexes via hexadentate ligands have been characterized thoroughly through various spectroscopic techniques like FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1HNMR, TGA, TEM, SEM, Particle size, Elemental analysis (C, H, N, Co, S) and conductivity measurements. All Cobalt(II) complexes have been evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against isolated bacterial strains of E. coli (MTCC-1687), E. faecalis (MTCC-439), S. aureus (MTCC-737) and MR S. aureus (Indigenous). All Cobalt complexes show mild to moderate antibacterial activity. The MIC ranged from 50 µg/ mL to 3.125 µg/ mL. All Cobalt(II) complexes displayed in-vitro antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. It may be proved that the antibacterial activity of the complexes is related to the cell wall structure of the tested bacteria. In-vitro toxicity tests explained the Cobalt complexes were less cytotoxic than the Vancomycin drug on A431 cancer cell lines and the results explain that synthesized Cobalt complexes can act as potent antimicrobial agents and can be considered as a good drug candidate for medicinal chemistry researchers.
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Pinhão is highly perishable due to its high water activity, being easily affected by fungi during storage and also susceptible to infestation by larvae. This seed is usually marketed in the pinhão cones itself, or bulk threshed, and packed in plastic bags, chilled or ground frozen. Pinhão conservation and industrialization techniques should be developed to promote its commercialization and consumption at other times of the year, besides the seasonal period, encouraging its sustainable production, extraction and commercialization, considering its essentially extractive character. The objective of this study was to evaluate the conservation of pinhão by the use of gamma radiation and refrigeration. The pinhões were irradiated with a cobalt60 source at a dose rate of 1 kGy. A non-irradiated sample was used as a control. The pinhões were packed in high-density polyethylene bags and stored at ambient temperature and refrigerated at 4 ºC, during 90 days. Pinhões were evaluated for weight loss, acidity, reducing sugars, vitamin C, firmness, color, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and microbiological analyzes. The isolated use of gamma radiation was not effective for the maintenance of the evaluated parameters. However, when used in conjunction with refrigerated storage, it reduced the growth of aerobic fungi, as well as mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms. The isolated use of refrigeration showed a reduction in weight loss, reducing sugars and an increase in vitamin C content and antioxidant activity. Thus, to increase the benefits, we suggest evaluating higher doses of radiation as a function of the thick pinhão shell.
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Radiação Ionizante , Refrigeração , Conservantes de Alimentos , Araucaria , SementesRESUMO
@#Objective - To analyze the relationship between cobalt level of post shift urine and individual exposure level of , cobalt and its compounds in cobalt exposed workers and to explore the feasibility of using urine cobalt as a biomarker. Methods - A total of 148 occupational cobalt exposed workers from a new material company were selected as the exposed , - - group and 44 non occupational cobalt exposed workers from the company were selected as the control group using the typical sampling method. The exposure concentration of time weighted average of cobalt and its compounds in the workplace air of the - two groups was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry as the individual exposure level. The cobalt levels - - of pre shift and post shift urinary samples of the two groups were detected by this method. The linear relationship between the - cobalt level of post shift urine and the individual exposure level of cobalt and its compounds in the air of the workplace was Results - 3 analyzed. The individual exposure level of cobalt and its compounds in the exposed group was 1.10 131.71 μg/m with (M) 3 the median of 12.23 μg/m. No cobalt and its compounds were detected in the workplace air in the control group. The cobalt - - levels of pre shift and post shift urines in exposed group were higher than those in the control group at the same time point (M: vs , vs , P ) - - 1.54 0.56 μg/L 8.77 0.83 μg/L all <0.01 . The cobalt level of post shift urine was higher than that in pre shift (M: vs ,P ), urine in the exposed group 8.77 1.54 μg/L <0.01 and it was positively correlated with the individual exposure level ( ,P ) , of cobalt and its compounds Spearman correlation coefficient=0.86 <0.01 . After common logarithm conversion the linear regression equation of the cobalt level of post shift urine and the common logarithm of individual exposure level of cobalt and (x) :ŷ x( ;F , its compounds in the exposed group was as follows = −0.178 + 0.988 coefficient of determination=0.72 =374.75 P ;t , P ) Conclusion - <0.01 = - 19.36 <0.01 . There was a linear correlation between cobalt level of post shift urine and occupational cobalt exposure level of cobalt exposed workers. Urinary cobalt can be used as a biomarker of occupational cobalt
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Introdução: a olanzapina é um dos fármacos antipsicóticos benzodiazepínicos mais usados no mundo. Apesar da sua eficiência, em concentrações excessivas, ela sói ser tóxica, como quaisquer outros fármacos desta classe. Assim, neste trabalho, se avaliou, pela primeira vez, a possibilidade da detecção eletroquímica do fármaco olanzapina, assistida pelo compósito do oxihidróxido de cobalto (III), emparelhado com o dióxido, com um corante esquaraínico. Método: o modelo matemático trivariante correspondente inclui dois cenários de oxidação do fármaco, possíveis para o caso, incluindo a eletropolimerização indireta da molécula da benzodiazepina condensada, bem como a oxidação do fármaco pelo átomo do enxofre. Este modelo tem sido desenvolvido e analisado mediante a teoria de estabilidade linear e análise de bifurcações. Resultados e discussão: a análise do modelo há mostrado que a hibridez do mecanismo do processo eletroanalítico, aliada à composição e descomposição dos compostos iônicos aquando da sua realização, aumenta a probabilidade da ocorrência do comportamento oscilatório, em relação ao caso mais simples e mais comum. No entretanto, a instabilidade oscilatória se realiza nos valores dos parâmetros, que estão além do limite de detecção. Por sua vez, o estado estacionário se obtém e se mantém facilmente, indicando um processo eletroanalítico eficiente, controlado pela difusão do analito. Conclusões: trata-se de um processo eletroanalítico eficiente, em que o composto de cobalto funciona como substância ativa, e o corante desempenha o papel de mediador
SUMMARY Introduction: olanzapine is one of the most used antipsychotic drugs in the world. Although it is efficient, it may be toxic in excess. Therefore, in this work the possibility of olanzapine electrochemical determination over an electrode, modified by the cobalt (III) oxyhydroxide in pair with its dioxide in a composite with squaraine dye. Methods: the trivariant correspondent mathematical model includes two scenarios of the drug oxidation, possible for the case, including the indirect electropolymerization of the condensed benzodiazepine molecule, like also its oxidation by sulfur atom. This model has been developed and analyzed by means of stability theory and bifurcation analysis. Results and discussion: the analysis of the model has shown that the mechanism hybridity of the electroanalytical process, alongside with the formation and decomposition of ionic compounds during its realization, augments the possibility for the oscillatory behavior realization, relatively to the simplest and commonest case. Nevertheless, the oscillatory instability is realized in parameter values far beyond the detection limit. On the other hand, the stable steady-state is easy to obtain and maintain, indicating an efficient electroanalytical process, controlled by the analyte diffusion. Conclusions: the electroanalytical process is efficient. The cobalt compound is acting as an active substance, and the dye is the mediator.
Introducción: la olanzapina es uno de los fármacos antipsicóticos más utilizados en el mundo. Aunque es eficaz, puede resultar tóxico en exceso. Por tanto, en este trabajo se plantea la posibilidad de la determinación electroquímica de olanzapina sobre un electrodo, modificado por el oxihidróxido de cobalto (III) en pareja con su dióxido en un composito con colorante de escuaraína. Métodos: el modelo matemático correspondiente incluye dos escenarios de oxidación del fármaco, posibles para el caso, que incluyen la electropolimerización indirecta de la molécula de benzodiazepina condensada, así como su oxidación por átomo de azufre. Este modelo ha sido desarrollado y analizado mediante teoría de estabilidad y análisis de bifurcación. Resultados y discusión: el análisis del modelo ha demostrado que el mecanismo de hibridación del proceso electroanalítico, junto con la formación y descomposición de compuestos iónicos durante su realización, aumenta la posibilidad de realización del comportamiento oscilatorio, relativamente al caso más simple y común. Sin embargo, la inestabilidad oscilatoria se realiza en valores de parámetros mucho más allá del límite de detección. Por otro lado, el estado estacionario estable es fácil de obtener y mantener, lo que indica un proceso electroanalítico eficiente, controlado por la difusión del analito. Conclusiones: el proceso electroanalítico es eficiente. El compuesto de cobalto actúa como sustancia activa y el colorante es el mediador.
RESUMO
A prática de tatuagens é muito antiga e atualmente tornou-se extremamente popular, porém traz consigo riscos que não podem ser ignorados. As tintas utilizadas nas tatuagens são um fator importante para o aparecimento de reações adversas. A reação de hipersensibilidade aos pigmentos das tintas é uma das mais comuns. Entre elas, encontram-se reações alérgicas tipo dermatites de contato ou reações de fotossensibilidade, sendo esta última o motivo deste relato. O tratamento indicado é o uso de corticoides e a fotoproteção. Neste artigo, discorreremos especificamente sobre a reação de fotossensibilidade ao pigmento azul, com o relato de um caso e breve revisão da literatura.
Tattooing is a very old practice that has become extremely popular in recent years; however, it carries risks that cannot be ignored. The inks used in tattoos are an important factor for the appearance of adverse reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions to the pigments in the inks are some of the most common. These include allergic reactions such as contact dermatitis or photosensitivity reactions, the latter being the reason for this report. The recommended treatment is the use of corticosteroids and photoprotection. In this article, we will specifically discuss the photosensitivity reaction to the blue pigment with a case report and a brief literature review.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Tatuagem , Dermatite Fotoalérgica , Hipersensibilidade , Terapêutica , Corticosteroides , Corantes , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos , TintaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: En este trabajo se realiza, por primera vez, la evaluación teórica de la posibilidad de la detección electroanalítica de salvarsano, fármaco antisifilítico. El oxihidróxido de cobalto, en su compuesto con el colorante escuárico, se usa como modificador de electrodo. Metodología: Mediante el análisis de estabilidad, se ha confirmado su eficiencia en los procesos de detección de salvarsano. La linearidad de dependencia entre el parámetro electroquímico y la concentración del fármaco se obtiene y se mantiene fácilmente. Conclusión: Las inestabilidades oscilatoria y monotónica se realizan en el sistema, causadas por las influencias de las etapas electroquímicas a las capacitancias de la doble capa eléctrica (DCE).
SUMMARY Aim: In this work, the theoretical evaluation of the electroanalytical detection of antisyphilitic drug salvarsan is given for the first time. Cobalt oxyhydroxide in a composite with the squaraine dye is used as electrode modifier. Methodology: By means of the stability analysis the efficiency of the salvarsan determination is confirmed. The linearity of the dependence between the electrochemical parameter and drug concentration is easily obtained and maintained. Conclusion: The oscillatory and monotonic instabilities are realized in this system, being caused by the electrochemical stages' influences to the double electric layer (DEL).
RESUMO Objetivo: neste trabalho, a avaliação teórica da detecção eletroanalítica do antissifilítico salvarsan é feita pela primeira vez. O oxihidróxido de cobalto em um composto com o corante esquaraína é usado como modificador de eletrodo. Metodologia: por meio da análise de estabilidade é confirmada a eficiência da determinação de salvarsan. A linearidade da dependência entre o parâmetro eletroquímico e a concentração do fármaco é facilmente obtida e mantida. Conclusão: as instabilidades osci-latórias e monotônicas são percebidas neste sistema, sendo causadas pelas influências dos estágios eletroquímicos sobre a dupla camada elétrica (DEL).
RESUMO
BACKGROUND@#Little is known about the effects of environmental cobalt exposure on insulin resistance (IR) in the general adult population. We investigated the association between cobalt concentration and IR.@*METHODS@#A total of 1281 subjects aged more than 20 years with complete blood cobalt data were identified from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 cycle. Blood cobalt levels were analyzed for their association with IR among all populations and subgroups by sex. Regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of blood cobalt concentrations in association with fasting glucose, insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were estimated using multivariate linear regression after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, education level, and household income. A multivariate generalized linear regression analysis was further carried out to explore the association between cobalt exposure and IR.@*RESULTS@#A negative association between blood cobalt concentration (coefficient = - 0.125, 95% CI - 0.234, - 0.015; P = 0.026) and HOMA-IR in female adults in the age- and sex-adjusted model was observed. However, no associations with HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, or insulin were found in the overall population. In the generalized linear models, participants with the lowest cobalt levels had a 2.74% (95% CI 0.04%, 5.50%) increase in HOMA-IR (P for trend = 0.031) compared with subjects with the highest cobalt levels. Restricted cubic spline regression suggested that a non-linear relationship may exist between blood cobalt and HOMA-IR.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These results provide epidemiological evidence that low levels of blood cobalt are negatively associated with HOMA-IR in female adults.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Cobalto/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Poluentes Ambientais/sangue , Homeostase , Insulina/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Fatores Sexuais , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Two outbreaks of cobalt deficiency in beef cattle were diagnosed in Midwestern Brazil. We discuss the clinical, epidemiological, pathological features, therapeutic measures, and impact aspects of the production system associated with these outbreaks occurring outbreaks in two farms of extensive cattle raising-system in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Seven affected cattle were euthanized and necropsied. Tissues for histopathology and microelements dosage were secured. At Farm A, 3100 cattle of all ages got sick, and 396 died; at Farm B, 148 were affected, and 110 died. In both farms, cattle were fed the same mineral supplement. The main clinical signs were weight loss and weakness, even though a good supply of forage was available in the paddocks. Many cattle stop grazing and chew at tree barks, wood chips from fence posts, and bones. In addition to the deaths, there was a compromised growth, and the reproductive rates fell sharply. The necropsied cattle were thin, with rough hair coat and pale mucous membranes. The liver was diffusely orange and showed a lobular pattern. The bone marrow was gelatinous and diffusely yellow. Histological changes included hemosiderosis in the liver and spleen, hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration, and myeloid and erythroid hypoplasia of the bone marrow. In the white matter of four cattle's brains, the myelin sheath was markedly distended (spongy degeneration). Proliferative parasitic abomasitis was observed in three cattle. The presumptive diagnosis was based on the association of the clinical picture, the necropsy findings, and the ruling out of other possible causes. The diagnosis was confirmed by the favorable response to treatment with cobalt and vitamin B12 orally and by mineral supplementation.(AU)
Dois surtos de deficiência de cobalto em bovinos de corte foram diagnosticados. Os aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, anatomopatológicos, terapêuticos e impactos no sistema de produção são descritos e discutidos. Os surtos ocorreram em duas fazendas de criação extensiva estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Sete bovinos afetados foram eutanasiados e necropsiados. Na necropsia foram colhidas amostras para exames histopatológicos e dosagem de microelementos. Na Fazenda A, 3100 bovinos de todas as idades adoeceram e 396 morreram e na Fazenda B, 148 bovinos adoeceram e 110 morreram. Ambas as fazendas utilizavam o mesmo suplemento mineral. Os principais sinais clínicos observados foram emagrecimento e fraqueza, apesar da boa oferta de forragem nos piquetes, muitos bovinos deixaram de pastejar e comiam cascas de árvores, madeira das porteiras e ossos. Além das mortes, tiveram crescimento comprometido e os índices reprodutivos tiveram queda acentuada. Os bovinos necropsiados estavam magros, com os pelos arrepiados e mucosas pálidas. O fígado estava difusamente alaranjado e com evidenciação do padrão lobular. A medula óssea estava de consistência gelatinosa e difusamente amarelada. Alterações histológicas incluíam degeneração vacuolar hemossiderose que era moderada no fígado e marcada no baço. Hipoplasia mieloide e eritoide era vista na medula óssea. Na substância branca do encéfalo de quatro bovinos, a bainha de mielina estava marcadamente distendida (degeneração esponjosa). Abomasite parasitária proliferativa foi observada em três bovinos. O diagnóstico presuntivo baseou-se na associação do quadro clínico, nos achados de necropsia e na eliminação de outras possíveis causas. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela resposta favorável ao tratamento com cobalto e vitamina B12 por via oral, e a suplementação mineral.(AU)