Research progress on the self-injury behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Self-injury behavior (SIB) is a common problem behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by a series of harmful reactions made by themselves causing tissue and physical damages.It seriously affects the physical and mental health in children.An early identification of SIB in children with ASD is helpful to relieve symptoms and improve the prognosis.Aiming to enrich the understanding of SIB in children with ASD and to promote early detection and intervention, this article reviews and summarizes the research on clinical characteristics, influencing factors, evaluation, detection and intervention methods of SIB in children with ASD in recent years.

What Dental Hygienists Learned through Training with Simulated Patient and How They Applied it in Practice? / 医学教育

Introduction: This study aims at investigating what dental hygienists learned through training with a simulated patient and how they applied their learning in practice. Method: Open-ended questionnaire surveys on their perceptions and experiences of health communication were undertaken by 21 dental hygienists before and after communication trainings. Result: Before the training, they felt it difficult to cope with patients’ negative responses to their communication. However, after the training, they deeply considered how they should be as health professional through reflection on their own communication style. In their practice, they tried to communicate while considering the patient’s situation. Discussion: Participants’ critical reflection, which was encouraged in this training, resulted in application of their learning to clinical practice.

Implementing a community-based parent training behavioral intervention for autism spectrum disorder / Capacitação parental para manejo de comportamentos disruptivos para tea em intervenção comportamental / Tea: capacitación de padres para manejo de conductas problemáticas

The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects developmental areas early in life and on families exert significant burden both emotionally and economically. This paper is a non-controlled, multicenter study to train caregivers of ASD individuals displaying disruptive behavior and deficit of communication, based on Applied Behavior Analysis. Results showed a reduction in the disruptive behavior measured by the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and also the caregivers' depression and anxiety symptoms assessed by the Hamilton Scale. Group interventions may be an alternative for reaching a higher share of the population.

O transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) afeta precocemente áreas de desenvolvimento e resulta em uma sobrecarga significativa para as famílias, tanto emocional quanto economicamente. Este é um estudo não controlado, multicêntrico, com o objetivo de capacitar, com base na Análise Aplicada do Comportamento, cuidadores de indivíduos com TEA que apresentam comportamento disruptivo e deficit de comunicação. Os resultados mostraram redução nos comportamentos disruptivos, medidos pelo Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), e também nos sintomas de depressão e ansiedade dos cuidadores, avaliados pela Escala de Hamilton. As intervenções em grupo podem ser uma alternativa viável para atingir uma parcela maior da população.

O transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) afeta precocemente áreas de desenvolvimento e resulta em uma sobrecarga significativa para as famílias, tanto emocional quanto economicamente. Este é um estudo não controlado, multicêntrico, com o objetivo de capacitar, com base na Análise Aplicada do Comportamento, cuidadores de indivíduos com TEA que apresentam comportamento disruptivo e deficit de comunicação. Os resultados mostraram redução nos comportamentos disruptivos, medidos pelo Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), e também nos sintomas de depressão e ansiedade dos cuidadores, avaliados pela Escala de Hamilton. As intervenções em grupo podem ser uma alternativa viável para atingir uma parcela maior da população.

Mucinous Carcinoma In Male Breast - A Rare Entity With Cytohistological Correlation

INTRODUCTION Carcinomas arising in the male breast is a rare occurrence, with a known incidence of only 0.6% of all the reported cases of breast carcinomas. CASE HISTORY A36year old male presented with a hard retro-areolar mass in the left breast since 6 months. FNAC smears were cellular and showed atypical cells lying singly as well as in dyscohesive clusters with abundant mucinous material in the background. Cytological diagnosis of Mucinous Carcinoma of breast was suggested and were confirmed onhistopathology. DISCUSSION Male breast cancers are rare aggressive lesions reported mainly in the older age groups. It is important to recognize these lesions for focusedtreatment strategies and an overall improved survival. CONCLUSION This case is being presented due to uncommon nature of tumour presenting at an early age. FNAC is a useful tool for diagnosis with high sensitivity but histopathology remains gold standard.

Researching in doctor-patient communication courses for internship of medical students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Currently medical students are short in ability of doctor-patient communication and lack of professional training in doctor-patient communication.It is essential to explore ways and means of teaching clinical doctor-patient communication for medical students.Clinical doctor-patient communication training courses were carried out with internships by way of explaining the establishment of a good doctordoctor-patient communication relationship,preparation and investigation analysis of doctor-patient communication information,doctor-patient communication skills,evaluation and adjustment of doctor-doctor-patient commu-nication,doctor-doctor-patient communication in the legal and regulatory issues.Medical students were trained in the good doctor-doctor-patient communication relationship building,information collection,infor-mation giving,respect and understanding,ending doctor-patient communication skills.And after the training medical students' doctor-patient communication ability obtained a certain improvement,which means this curriculum of clinical doctor-patient communication training courses is worthy of further promotion.

Interacción enfermera-paciente y su repercusión en el cuidado hospitalario: Parte II / Nurse-patient interaction and its repercussion to hospital care: Part II

Se realizó una amplia búsqueda en diversas bases de datos a partir de los descriptores: Interacción o comunicación enfermera-paciente, satisfacción por el cuidado de enfermería y entrenamientos en técnicas de comunicación, con el fin de profundizar en el tema de la interacción enfermera-paciente por la importancia que esta tiene en el ejercicio de la práctica profesional de las enfermeras. Se establecen tres ejes de estudio: Interacción o comunicación enfermera-paciente, calidad y satisfacción derivada del cuidado, y efectividad de los entrenamientos en habilidades para la comunicación. La revisión permite identificar que este tema ha sido analizado desde hace mucho tiempo y en diferentes países, los estudios se han relacionado con la calidad de los servicios de enfermería y han motivado el planteamiento de estrategias educativas para desarrollar y mejorar la interacción enfermera-paciente como actitud profesional esencial. Los estudios realizados ofrecen elementos de apoyo para el desarrollo de investigaciones en esta área, pero en algunos casos muestran limitaciones o carencias, así como resultados contradictorios que pueden ser tomadas en cuenta por las personas interesadas en el diseño de estudios relacionados con el tema.

In order to deepen into the highly important topic nurse-patient interaction for the professional practice of nurses, a database search using the descriptors; nurse-patient interaction/communication, nurse healthcare satisfaction, and communication skills training, was conducted. As a result, three study axes were established; nurse-patient interaction/communication, care-derived quality and satisfaction, and communication skills training effectiveness. This review reveals that this topic has been extensively analyzed throughout time and among different countries. These studies have been related to quality in nursing services, and have motivated the design of strategies to develop and improve the nurse-patient interaction as an essential professional attitude. Furthermore, although these studies offer elements to support the research development in this area, some of them have shown limitations o deficiencies, as well as contradictory results, which should be considered by researchers interested in the design of studies related to this topic.

Interacción enfermera-paciente y su repercusión en el cuidado hospitalario: Parte I / Nurse-patient interaction and its repercussion to hospital care: Part 1

Se realizó una amplia búsqueda en diversas bases de datos a partir de los descriptores: Interacción o comunicación enfermera-paciente, satisfacción por el cuidado de enfermería y entrenamientos en técnicas de comunicación, con el fin de profundizar en el tema de la interacción enfermera-paciente por la importancia que esta tiene en el ejercicio de la práctica profesional de las enfermeras. Se establecen tres ejes de estudio: Interacción o comunicación enfermera-paciente, calidad y satisfacción derivada del cuidado, y efectividad de los entrenamientos en habilidades para la comunicación. La revisión permite identificar que este tema ha sido analizado desde hace mucho tiempo y en diferentes países, los estudios se han relacionado con la calidad de los servicios de enfermería y han motivado el planteamiento de estrategias educativas para desarrollar y mejorar la interacción enfermera-paciente como actitud profesional esencial. Los estudios realizados ofrecen elementos de apoyo para el desarrollo de investigaciones en esta área, pero en algunos casos muestran limitaciones o carencias, así como resultados contradictorios que pueden ser tomadas en cuenta por las personas interesadas en el diseño de estudios relacionados con el tema.

In order to deepen into the highly important topic nurse-patient interaction for the professional practice of nurses, a. database search using the descriptors: nurse-patient interaction/communication, nurse healthcare satisfaction, and communication skills training, was conducted. As a result, three study axes were established; nurse-patient interaction/communication, care-derived quality and satisfaction, and communication skills training effectiveness. This review reveals that this topic has been extensively analyzed throughout time and among different countries. These studies have been related to quality in nursing services, and have motivated the design of strategies to develop and improve the nurse-patient interaction as an essential professional attitude. Furthermore, although these studies offer elements to support the research development in this area, some of them have shown limitations o deficiencies, as well as contradictory results, which should be considered by researchers interested in the design of studies related to this topic.

A importância do treino de comunicação na terapia comportamental de casal / La importancia del entrenamiento en comunicación en la terapia comportamental de pareja / The scope of communication training in behavioral marital therapy

A modificação da interação entre os parceiros e o treino de resolução de problemas foram aspectos importantes desde o início do movimento da terapia comportamental de casal. Entretanto, o treino de comunicação sempre se destacou por possibilitar que os parceiros mudem o processo central de negociação do relacionamento, de enfrentamento de problemas e de convivência em geral. Destarte, esse aspecto é potencialmente forte e capaz de influenciar outros fatores relevantes na terapia de casal. Analisando detalhadamente como oficinas de comunicação foram conduzidas desde o início histórico da terapia comportamental de casal, percebe-se quanto esse procedimento continua atual dentro da filosofia contextualista da nova onda da terapia comportamental integrativa de casal. O presente artigo destaca assim o treino de comunicação como ingrediente essencial da abordagem comportamental de casal.

Changes in behavioral exchanges between partners and problem-solving training have been important aspects since the beginning of the movement in behavioral marital therapy. Communication training stands out because it provides the opportunity for partners to change the central process of relationship negotiations and their mode in coping with problems and their relationships in general. Communication training has a potentially powerful influence on other relevant factors that comprise marital therapy. Analyzing how communication work-shops were conducted since the historical beginning of behavioral marital therapy, it may be observed how much this procedure remains updated and compatible with the contextual philosophy of the contemporary wave of integrative behavioral marital therapy. Current essay argues that communication training must be considered an essential ingredient in behavioral marital therapy.

Improving Communication between Medical Workers and their Communicatively Impaired Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To improve communication between patients with communication disorders and their health care providers. Methods A communication training session and a communication toolkit for health care workers in long-term care facilities (L-TCFs) were used before. A control group and experimental group were used to assess the effectiveness of the communication training and a toolkit. Results and Conclusion There was little benefit to the training and toolkit. However, anecdotal observations showed there were some benefits, especially with the increased use of amplifiers for patients with hearing impairment. In addition, the L-TCF is inherent with structural obstacles to successful communication that need to be taken into account when interpreting the results. More research is needed in this area.

Adaptation of Communication Training in Dental Education Using Role Playing and Simulated Patients / 医学教育

Communication training in the dental interview was conducted for 5th-year dental students through role playing and simulated patients. The purpose of this training was for students, through practicing and observing dental interviews, to acquire interviewing skills and to communicate with patients by considering the patient's point of view. A questionnaire regarding this training was administered to the students. The results revealed that the students realized the difficulty and the importance of communication with patients. The results also showed that the students learned what points they should keep in mind, how they can improve their own communication skills by communicating with patients, and the importance of understanding the patient's point of view. Moreover, students believed that this training would continue to be useful.

Medical Education in Occupational Health Using Simulated Patients and Role Playing / 医学教育

Occupational health was taught to 3rd-year medical students using simulated patients and role playing. Patient profiles were created to enable students to consider psychosocial aspects, such as work environment and lifestyles, involved in occupational health. Simulated patients were used, later, students acted as patients and each student played the role of an occupational health doctor. The aim of the exercise was for students, through their own actions and observations, to learn communication skills and approaches to occupational health, such as prevention, health promotion, and the importance of health education, which are based on a biopsychosocial model.<BR>Students were extremely interested and found the course valuable. This result shows the effectiveness and current shortage of active learning methods as well as the need for acquiring communication skills.<BR>Although learning communication skills is most relevant to clinical medicine, active learning and communication training is also important for occupational health education because the latter should be based not on the traditional doctor-patient relationship but on the biopsychosocial model.