RESUMO
Context: Imaging techniques are commonly used by emergency physicians in a febrile comatose patient. Their utility requires judicious use of the available resources. In this study, we have compared the efficacy of cranial imaging techniques in adult patients with acute febrile encephalopathy. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 101 patients presenting to the emergency with fever of less than 15 days duration and altered sensorium. All the patients were subjected to routine investigations, detailed cerebrospinal fluid analysis, computerized tomograms (noncontrast followed by contrast enhanced), and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Final diagnosis was reached after considering the clinical, biochemical findings, imaging results, and response to therapy. The positive yield of radiological investigations was compared against the final diagnosis. Results: The patients were divided into three groups. Forty-eight had evidence of meningoencephalitis, 22 patients had pyogenic meningitis, and 20 were combined together in other group. In 12 patients, a definitive diagnosis could not be made. Only 37% patients were detected to have abnormal computerized tomograms and the most common abnormality was diffuse edema, which failed to point to an etiological diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging was abnormal in 62.75% cases and was able to suggest an etiological diagnosis in 100% cases of cerebral venous thrombosis, tubercular meningitis, 95% cases of meningoencephalitis, and 45% patients with meningitis. Conclusions: We can conclude that magnetic resonance imaging provides better information than computerized tomography in adult patients with acute febrile encephalopathy.