Imaging technologies for the detection of sinus pathologies of odontogenic origin. A review / Herramientas imagenológicas para la detección de patologías sinusales de origen odontogénico. Una revisión

Sinus pathologies of odontogenic origin (SPO) are common in the clinical consultation; however, the dentist has some complications to detect them because their discovery is usually incidental and through imaging studies that, in most cases, are of low quality. The objective of this review is to describe the pertinent imaging resources that allow the detection of the most frequent SPO and, at the same time, carry out an updated review of the scientific literature in order to recognize the imaging of both the maxillary sinus and the dental organs. The scientific literature focused on this topic, published between 2014 and 2020, was consulted. The review showed two important results: the first is that Cone Beam Tomography (CBCT) represents the imaging modality with the best performance for the detection of SPO by what can be considered the gold standard for this purpose. The second is that the most frequent SPO is sinus mucositis, which is related to odontogenic conditions such as periapical lesions and periodontal affectations. Although Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is the most appropriate tool to detect SPO compared to images obtained by 2D devices, there are also other alternatives such as magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography, which seem to have a promising future. (AU)

Las patologías sinusales de origen odontogénico (PSO) son frecuentes en la consulta clínica; sin embargo, el odontólogo tiene algunas complicaciones para detectarlos porque su descubrimiento suele ser incidental y mediante estudios de imagen que, en la mayoría de los casos, son de baja calidad. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los recursos de imagen pertinentes que permitan la detección de las PSO más frecuentes y, al mismo tiempo, realizar una revisión actualizada de la literatura científica con el fin de reconocer la imagenologia tanto del seno maxilar como de los órganos dentales. Se consultó la literatura científica centrada en este tema, publicada entre 2014 y 2020. La revisión arrojó dos resultados importantes: el primero es que la tomografía de haz cónico (TCHC) representa la modalidad de imagen con mejor desempeño para la detección de PSO, por lo que se puede considerar el estándar de oro para este propósito. La segunda es que la PSO más frecuente es la mucositis sinusal, que se relaciona con afecciones odontogénicas como lesiones periapicales y afectaciones periodontales. Si bien la TCHC es la herramienta más adecuada para detectar la SPO en comparación con las imágenes obtenidas con dispositivos 2D, también existen otras alternativas como la resonancia magnética y la ecografía, que parecen tener un futuro prometedor. (AU)

Ultraselective conventional transarterial chemoembolization: When and how?

Ultraselective conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE), defined as cTACE at the most distal portion of the subsubsegmental hepatic artery, is mainly performed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤5 cm. Distal advancement of a microcatheter enables injection of a larger volume of iodized oil into the portal vein in the limited area under non-physiological hemodynamics. As a result, the reversed portal flow into the tumor through the drainage route of the tumor that occurs when the hepatic artery is embolized is temporarily blocked. By adding gelatin sponge slurry embolization, both the hepatic artery and portal vein are embolized and not only complete necrosis of can be achieved. Ultraselective cTACE can cure small HCCs including less hypervascular tumor portions and replace surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation in selected patients.

Maxillofacial Imaging: a 21st Century Perspective

This article presents an overview of the contemporary imaging systems applicable to the maxillofacial/ craniofacial complex. Each system is compared in terms of strengths and weaknesses, advantages and limitations. Select pathologic entities are used to illustrate the diagnostic yield of each imaging modality. Since justification for prescribing an imaging study must balance the risk and benefit to the patient, the radiation burden of each imaging system is integrated within the context of the discussion.

Este artículo presenta una visión general de los sistemas de imágenes contemporáneas aplicables al complejo maxilofacial / craneofacial. Cada sistema se compara en términos de fortalezas y debilidades, ventajas y limitaciones. Entidades patológicas seleccionadas se utilizan para ilustrar el rendimiento diagnóstico de cada modalidad de imagen. Desde la justificación para la prescripción de un estudio de imagen se debe valorar el riesgo y el beneficio para el paciente, la carga de radiación de cada sistema de imagen se integra en el contexto de la discusión.

Seeing The Unseen : Conebeam Volumetric Tomography And Endodontics: A Review Article.

Cone beam volumetric tomography (CBVT) or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a diagnostic imaging technology that is changing the way dental practioners view the oral and maxillofacial complex as well as teeth and the surrounding tissues. CBVT has been specifically designed to produce undistorted three dimensional images similar to computed tomography (CT), but at a lower equipment cost, simpler image acquisition and lower patient radiation dose. This article highlights the CBVT application in endodontics and its treatment outcome.