Evaluation of Dietary Supplement Intake (Yeast Tablets) on Pregnant Albino Rats and Their Fetuses (Implications of Yeast Tablets on Rats & Fetuses)

ABSTRACT Histopathological studies in placenta, liver, kidney, apoptotic DNA damage and p53 mutation estimation of pregnant rats and their offspring exposed to dietary supplement yeast tablets, were carried out. Pregnant female albino rats were orally administrated yeast tablets at concentration 41.1 mg/kg during gestation period. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were used for examination. Neutral comet assay was performed to assess the apoptotic DNA damage and single strand conformational analysis was performed to screen the mutations inductions in p53 exons 7 and 8. Statistical analysis is applied to found the relation of apoptotic fraction in liver, kidney and placenta of pregnant rats and their offspring. Oral administration of yeast tablets to pregnant rats induced histopathological alterations in the hepatic, kidney tissues of both mothers and fetuses and placenta tissues. In addition, it induced apoptotic DNA damage as revealed by the significant elevations in apoptotic fractions (p<0.001) in liver and kidney tissues of both treated rats and their fetuses and even in the placenta (p<0.001). On contrary, no any mutation was induced in p53 exons 7 and 8 by yeast administration either in pregnant rats or their fetuses examined organs. The histopathological changes and apoptotic DNA damage recorded in female rats and fetus's tissues which can result in definite hormonal and atrophic effects on adult rats and the fetuses, the possibility of early or late physiological effects in the mature and progeny under the administration of yeast tablets must be taken into consideration.

Synthesis of new N-phenyl-N-(1-phenylhex- 5-en-1-yl)acetamides and their ¹H-NMR conformational study / Síntesis de nuevas N-fenil- N-(1-fenilhex-5-en-1-il) acetamidas y su estudio conformacional mediante ¹H-RMN / Síntese de novas N-fenil- N-(1-fenilhex-5-en-1-il) acetamidas e o seu estudo conformacional por ¹H-RMN

Antifungal and antiparasitic activities for N-acetyl derivatives of different N-(prop)butenylamines have been previously evaluated and reported. Consequently, an efficient and versatile synthesis procedure and complete characterization of different N-phenyl-N-(1-phenylhex-5-en-1-yl)acetamides is presented. Two conformational isomers were observed for one of the compounds in their ¹H/13C-NMR spectra. The conformational analysis was carried out using the B3LYP functional with the 6-31+G(2d,p) basis and the NMR spectroscopic data. The dihedral angle values of the allylic system obtained by both computational methods and ¹H-NMR data analysis (Garbisch's equation) were compared and used to successfully determine the conformational structures and the intramolecular interaction responsible for signal duplicity and chemical shifting respectively.

Previamente se han evaluado y reportado las propiedades antifúngicas y antiparasitarias para derivados de N-acetil procedentes de diferentes N-(prop)butenilaminas. En este sentido, la esta investigación presenta un procedimiento de síntesis versátil y eficiente, con la caracterización completa de diferentes N-fenil-N-(1-fenilhex-5- en-1-yl)acetamidas. Se observaron dos isómeros conformacionales para uno de los compuestos en su espectro ¹H/13CRMN. El análisis conformacional se llevó a cabo usando B3LYP funcional con base en 6-31+G(2d,p) y los datos de espectroscopia RMN. Los valores de ángulo dihedro del sistema alílico -obtenidos por los métodos computacionales citados y el análisis de los datos derivados de ¹H-RMN usando la ecuación de Garbisch-, se compararon y se usaron para determinar exitosamente las estructuras conformacionales isoméricas y la interacción intramolecular responsables de la duplicidad de señales y del desplazamiento químico, respectivamente.

As atividades antifúngicas e antiparasitárias de N-acetil derivados de diferentes N-(prop)butenilaminas têm sido previamente avaliadas e relatadas. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se uma rota de síntese eficiente e a caracterização completa de diferentes N-fenil-N-(1-fenilhex-5-en-1-il)acetamidas. Nos espectros ¹H/13C-RMN foram observados dois isômeros conformacionais para um dos compostos. Foi feita uma análise conformacional usando o funcional B3LYP com bases 6-31+G(2d,p) e os dados de ¹H-RMN. Os valores dos ângulos diedros do sistema alílico obtidos por métodos computacionais e por análise de dados de ¹H-RMN (equação de Garbish) foram comparados e usados para determinar as estruturas dos confôrmeros, o que permitiu determinar as interações intramoleculares responsáveis do diferente deslocamento químico e a conseqüente duplicidade dos sinais no composto que apresentou os dois confôrmeros.

Theoretical studies on β-lactam antibiotics VI*: Conformational analysis and structure-activity relationships of penicillin sulfoxides and cephalosporins.

Conformational energy calculations were carried out on penicillin α- and β- sulfoxides and Δ2- and Δ3- cephalosporins, in order to identify the structural features governing their biological activity. Results on penicillin β-sulfoxide indicated that in its favoured conformation, the orientation of the aminoacyl group was different from the one required for biological activity. Penicillin α sulfoxide, like penicillin sulfide, favoured two conformations of nearly equal energies, but separated by a much higher energy barrier. The reduced activity of the sulfoxides despite the nonplanarity of their lactam peptide indicated that the orientations of the aminoacyl and carboxyl groups might also govern biological activity. Δ3- cephalosporins favoured two conformations of nearly equal energies, whereas Δ2- cephalosporins favoured only one conformation. The lactam peptide was moderately nonplanär in the former, but nearly planar in the latter. The differences in the.preferred orientations of the carboxyl group between penicillins and cephalosporins were correlated with the resistance of cephalosporins to penicillinases.

Theoretical studies on β-lactam antibiotics VI*: Conformational analysis and structure-activity relationships of penicillin sulfoxides and cephalosporins.

Conformational energy calculations were carried out on penicillin α- and β- sulfoxides and Δ2- and Δ3- cephalosporins, in order to identify the structural features governing their biological activity. Results on penicillin β-sulfoxide indicated that in its favoured conformation, the orientation of the aminoacyl group was different from the one required for biological activity. Penicillin α sulfoxide, like penicillin sulfide, favoured two conformations of nearly equal energies, but separated by a much higher energy barrier. The reduced activity of the sulfoxides despite the nonplanarity of their lactam peptide indicated that the orientations of the aminoacyl and carboxyl groups might also govern biological activity. Δ3- cephalosporins favoured two conformations of nearly equal energies, whereas Δ2- cephalosporins favoured only one conformation. The lactam peptide was moderately nonplanär in the former, but nearly planar in the latter. The differences in the.preferred orientations of the carboxyl group between penicillins and cephalosporins were correlated with the resistance of cephalosporins to penicillinases.